Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal formula Weichang’an(WCA)on the proliferation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells.Methods Cell Counting Kit...Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal formula Weichang’an(WCA)on the proliferation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells.Methods Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8)was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity ofWCA on MKN45 cells;Giemsa staining was used to investigate cell colony formation;flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle,apoptosis rate,and caspases activation;and Hoechst staining was used to analyze the morphology of cell nuclei.The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by both flow cytometric measurements and fluorescence microscopy.Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of pro-caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bax,and Bcl-X.MKN45 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right forelimb of 16 nude mice to establish the tumor xenograft model,and a total of 12 nude mouse tumor xenograft models were successfully created.The nude mice were divided into the control group and the WCA-treated group.The two groups received normal saline and WCA treatment at 35.49 g/kg by a single daily oral gavage for 21 days.The body weight and tumor size of the nude mice were measured twice a week.The ultrastructural changes of subcutaneous tumors were observed by a transmission electron microscope.Results WCA can suppress cell proliferation and colony formation.It can also induce changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the activities of caspases-3,caspases-8,and caspases-9 in MKN45 cells.WCA induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MKN45 cells,and decreased the expression levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X in MKN45 cells,while increasing the expression levels of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and pro-caspase-3 compared with the control group.WCA inhibited the growth of a xenografted MKN45 tumor in nude mice,and the protein levels of Bax and pro-caspase-3 were significantly increased,while Bcl-X and Bcl-2 were reduced compared with the control group.The differences are statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion WCA could suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via mitochondrial apoptosis.展开更多
Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mou...Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mouse model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine.Forty-two mice were randomly divided into a negative control group,model group,SXLJF group(18.72 g/kg/day),and positive control group(diazepam,2 mg/kg)and treated with the corresponding drugs for 7 consecutive days.The open field test and pentobarbital-induced sleeping test were conducted.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology were applied to explore the potential targets of SXLJF for treating insomnia.Finally,key targets were validated using RT-qPCR.Results:Behavioral tests demonstrated that SXLJF reduced the total distance,average velocity,central distance,and sleep latency,and prolonged sleep duration.Metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed potential targets,signaling pathways,metabolic pathways,and metabolites associated with the anti-insomnia effects of SXLJF.Specifically,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and tyrosine metabolism emerged as crucial metabolic pathways and targets,respectively.RT-qPCR results supported the role of TH in the mechanism of SXLJF in treating insomnia.Conclusion:In conclusion,TH and tyrosine metabolism may represent significant targets and pathways for SXLJF in treating insomnia.展开更多
This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal o...This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.展开更多
基于密度泛函理论,对氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)表面负载单原子Y模型的表面性能进行了第一性原理计算.根据表面能计算结果可知,单原子Y最稳定负载位置为空位(H),即确定了ITO负载单原子钇(Single-atom Y supported on ITO,Y/ITO)稳...基于密度泛函理论,对氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)表面负载单原子Y模型的表面性能进行了第一性原理计算.根据表面能计算结果可知,单原子Y最稳定负载位置为空位(H),即确定了ITO负载单原子钇(Single-atom Y supported on ITO,Y/ITO)稳定模型.对ITO和Y/ITO表面吸附气体分子(NO和CO)模型的吸附性能进行了第一性原理计算.根据对比ITO和Y/ITO表面的吸附能和态密度计算结果可知,单原子钇负载提高了ITO表面的稳定性和吸附性能.根据对比Y/ITO表面吸附NO和CO气体分子的吸附能和态密度计算结果可知,NO和CO气体分子吸附均为自发行为,过程放热.且NO气体分子更容易吸附在Y/ITO表面,即Y/ITO对NO气体分子更敏感.展开更多
为研究氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)导电玻璃材料的去除机理,采用单磨粒对材料进行切削仿真,建立了ITO导电玻璃的材料模型,根据加工表面形貌、应力和切削力情况分析了材料去除机理,之后研究了切削参数对切削力和残余应力的影响,并与...为研究氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)导电玻璃材料的去除机理,采用单磨粒对材料进行切削仿真,建立了ITO导电玻璃的材料模型,根据加工表面形貌、应力和切削力情况分析了材料去除机理,之后研究了切削参数对切削力和残余应力的影响,并与钠钙玻璃进行对比分析。结果表明:在磨粒的切削过程中,材料的去除受ITO薄膜层、玻璃基底和内聚力接触行为的共同影响,会产生分层、通道开裂和层间断裂等失效形式;随着磨粒的进给,切削力在一定范围内波动,且呈现上升、稳定、降低的变化,同时磨粒的切削力与切削速度和切削深度呈正相关;薄膜上残余应力相比玻璃基底,数值更大且波动更剧烈;当切削深度接近ITO薄膜厚度时,薄膜的存在对磨粒切削行为的影响显著。展开更多
Background:To observe the inhibitory effects of Yigan Jiangzhi formula(liver-supplementing lipid-lowering formula,YGJZF)on hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer.Methods:The hepatic metastasis BALB-c mice model of co...Background:To observe the inhibitory effects of Yigan Jiangzhi formula(liver-supplementing lipid-lowering formula,YGJZF)on hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer.Methods:The hepatic metastasis BALB-c mice model of colorectal cancer was established by injecting HCT-116 cell suspension following splenectomy.Next,we randomly divided BALB-c mice into 5 groups,which were blank group,model group(tumor only),traditional Chinese medicine group(YGJZF),western medicine group(capecitabine),combined group(YGJZF and capecitabine),respectively.After 14 days treatment,the effects of different treatments were evaluated the serological indicators were evaluated,including the levels of alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,triglyceride,total cholesterol and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)by ELISA.Results:Except the blank group,the other groups showed diffuse hepatic metastasis.Compared with the model group,the total number and weight of the metastatic tumors as well as serological indicators in medicine-given groups were sharply reduced(P<0.05 for all)the combined group had better effects.The serum levels of these indicators showed no statistical difference among each medicine-given group(P>0.05),but the combined group has a remarkable decrease of all the indicators than in western medicine group.Conclusion:YGJZF not only can inhibit the hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer in BALB-c mice,but also affect the levels of hepatic enzymes and lipids.Meanwhile,it can reduce the expression of VEGF.All these results indicate that YGJZF,which lowers down lipids and protects hepatic functions,has the potential to block VEGF pathway,contributing to the inhibition of hepatic metastasis.展开更多
Following Konno [1], it is natural to ask: What is the Ito’s formula for the discrete time quantum walk on a graph different than Z, the set of integers? In this paper we answer the question for the discrete time qua...Following Konno [1], it is natural to ask: What is the Ito’s formula for the discrete time quantum walk on a graph different than Z, the set of integers? In this paper we answer the question for the discrete time quantum walk on Z2, the square lattice.展开更多
In our previous paper [1], we proposed a non-standardization of the concept of convolution in order to construct an extended Wiener measure using nonstandard analysis by E. Nelson [2]. In this paper, we consider Ito’...In our previous paper [1], we proposed a non-standardization of the concept of convolution in order to construct an extended Wiener measure using nonstandard analysis by E. Nelson [2]. In this paper, we consider Ito’s integral with respect to the extended Wiener measure and extend Ito’s formula for Ito’s process. Because of doing the extension of Ito’s formula, we could treat stochastic differential equations in the sense of nonstandard analysis. In this framework, we need the nonstandardization of convolution again. It was not yet proved in the last paper, therefore we shall provide the proof.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fanlian Huazhuo Formula(FLHZF)has the functions of invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm,clearing heat and purging turbidity.It has been identified to have therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus...BACKGROUND Fanlian Huazhuo Formula(FLHZF)has the functions of invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm,clearing heat and purging turbidity.It has been identified to have therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in clinical application.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is frequently diagnosed in patients with T2DM.However,the therapeutic potential of FLHZF on NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.AIM To elucidate the effects of FLHZF on NAFLD and explore the underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acid for 24 hours to induce lipid accumulation cell model.Subsequently,experiments were conducted with the different concentrations of freeze-dried powder of FLHZF for 24 hours.C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8-week to establish a mouse model of NAFLD,and then treated with the different concentrations of FLHZF for 10 weeks.RESULTS FLHZF had therapeutic potential against lipid accumulation and abnormal changes in biochemical indicators in vivo and in vitro.Further experiments verified that FLHZF alleviated abnormal lipid metabolism might by reducing oxidative stress,regulating the AMPKα/SREBP-1C signaling pathway,activating autophagy,and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.CONCLUSION FLHZF alleviates abnormal lipid metabolism in NAFLD models by regulating reactive oxygen species,autophagy,apoptosis,and lipid synthesis signaling pathways,indicating its potential for clinical application in NAFLD.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce a kind of submanifold called translating solitons with density,and obtain two variational formulas for it,and show some geometric quantities of it.
In this article, we give a new proof of the Itôformula for some integral processes related to the space-time Lévy noise introduced in [1] [2] as an alternative for the Gaussian white noise perturbing an...In this article, we give a new proof of the Itôformula for some integral processes related to the space-time Lévy noise introduced in [1] [2] as an alternative for the Gaussian white noise perturbing an SPDE. We discuss two applications of this result, which are useful in the study of SPDEs driven by a space-time Lévy noise with finite variance: a maximal inequality for the p-th moment of the stochastic integral, and the Itôrepresentation theorem leading to a chaos expansion similar to the Gaussian case.展开更多
基金funded by the Three-Year Plan of Action for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shanghai(ZY3-CCCX-3-2003)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Clinical Research Base of China(JDZX2015068)+1 种基金the Key and Promotion Special Topics of Henan(202102310164)Henan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Special Project(2022ZY2031).
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal formula Weichang’an(WCA)on the proliferation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells.Methods Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8)was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity ofWCA on MKN45 cells;Giemsa staining was used to investigate cell colony formation;flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle,apoptosis rate,and caspases activation;and Hoechst staining was used to analyze the morphology of cell nuclei.The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by both flow cytometric measurements and fluorescence microscopy.Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of pro-caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bax,and Bcl-X.MKN45 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right forelimb of 16 nude mice to establish the tumor xenograft model,and a total of 12 nude mouse tumor xenograft models were successfully created.The nude mice were divided into the control group and the WCA-treated group.The two groups received normal saline and WCA treatment at 35.49 g/kg by a single daily oral gavage for 21 days.The body weight and tumor size of the nude mice were measured twice a week.The ultrastructural changes of subcutaneous tumors were observed by a transmission electron microscope.Results WCA can suppress cell proliferation and colony formation.It can also induce changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the activities of caspases-3,caspases-8,and caspases-9 in MKN45 cells.WCA induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MKN45 cells,and decreased the expression levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X in MKN45 cells,while increasing the expression levels of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and pro-caspase-3 compared with the control group.WCA inhibited the growth of a xenografted MKN45 tumor in nude mice,and the protein levels of Bax and pro-caspase-3 were significantly increased,while Bcl-X and Bcl-2 were reduced compared with the control group.The differences are statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusion WCA could suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via mitochondrial apoptosis.
基金Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ40510)General Guidance Project of Hunan Health Commission(202203074169)+1 种基金Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Hunan Province(2021SK51901)and Key Guiding Projects of Hunan Health Commission(20201918)for supporting this study.
文摘Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mouse model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine.Forty-two mice were randomly divided into a negative control group,model group,SXLJF group(18.72 g/kg/day),and positive control group(diazepam,2 mg/kg)and treated with the corresponding drugs for 7 consecutive days.The open field test and pentobarbital-induced sleeping test were conducted.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology were applied to explore the potential targets of SXLJF for treating insomnia.Finally,key targets were validated using RT-qPCR.Results:Behavioral tests demonstrated that SXLJF reduced the total distance,average velocity,central distance,and sleep latency,and prolonged sleep duration.Metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed potential targets,signaling pathways,metabolic pathways,and metabolites associated with the anti-insomnia effects of SXLJF.Specifically,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and tyrosine metabolism emerged as crucial metabolic pathways and targets,respectively.RT-qPCR results supported the role of TH in the mechanism of SXLJF in treating insomnia.Conclusion:In conclusion,TH and tyrosine metabolism may represent significant targets and pathways for SXLJF in treating insomnia.
文摘This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.
文摘基于密度泛函理论,对氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)表面负载单原子Y模型的表面性能进行了第一性原理计算.根据表面能计算结果可知,单原子Y最稳定负载位置为空位(H),即确定了ITO负载单原子钇(Single-atom Y supported on ITO,Y/ITO)稳定模型.对ITO和Y/ITO表面吸附气体分子(NO和CO)模型的吸附性能进行了第一性原理计算.根据对比ITO和Y/ITO表面的吸附能和态密度计算结果可知,单原子钇负载提高了ITO表面的稳定性和吸附性能.根据对比Y/ITO表面吸附NO和CO气体分子的吸附能和态密度计算结果可知,NO和CO气体分子吸附均为自发行为,过程放热.且NO气体分子更容易吸附在Y/ITO表面,即Y/ITO对NO气体分子更敏感.
文摘为研究氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)导电玻璃材料的去除机理,采用单磨粒对材料进行切削仿真,建立了ITO导电玻璃的材料模型,根据加工表面形貌、应力和切削力情况分析了材料去除机理,之后研究了切削参数对切削力和残余应力的影响,并与钠钙玻璃进行对比分析。结果表明:在磨粒的切削过程中,材料的去除受ITO薄膜层、玻璃基底和内聚力接触行为的共同影响,会产生分层、通道开裂和层间断裂等失效形式;随着磨粒的进给,切削力在一定范围内波动,且呈现上升、稳定、降低的变化,同时磨粒的切削力与切削速度和切削深度呈正相关;薄膜上残余应力相比玻璃基底,数值更大且波动更剧烈;当切削深度接近ITO薄膜厚度时,薄膜的存在对磨粒切削行为的影响显著。
文摘Background:To observe the inhibitory effects of Yigan Jiangzhi formula(liver-supplementing lipid-lowering formula,YGJZF)on hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer.Methods:The hepatic metastasis BALB-c mice model of colorectal cancer was established by injecting HCT-116 cell suspension following splenectomy.Next,we randomly divided BALB-c mice into 5 groups,which were blank group,model group(tumor only),traditional Chinese medicine group(YGJZF),western medicine group(capecitabine),combined group(YGJZF and capecitabine),respectively.After 14 days treatment,the effects of different treatments were evaluated the serological indicators were evaluated,including the levels of alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,triglyceride,total cholesterol and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)by ELISA.Results:Except the blank group,the other groups showed diffuse hepatic metastasis.Compared with the model group,the total number and weight of the metastatic tumors as well as serological indicators in medicine-given groups were sharply reduced(P<0.05 for all)the combined group had better effects.The serum levels of these indicators showed no statistical difference among each medicine-given group(P>0.05),but the combined group has a remarkable decrease of all the indicators than in western medicine group.Conclusion:YGJZF not only can inhibit the hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer in BALB-c mice,but also affect the levels of hepatic enzymes and lipids.Meanwhile,it can reduce the expression of VEGF.All these results indicate that YGJZF,which lowers down lipids and protects hepatic functions,has the potential to block VEGF pathway,contributing to the inhibition of hepatic metastasis.
文摘Following Konno [1], it is natural to ask: What is the Ito’s formula for the discrete time quantum walk on a graph different than Z, the set of integers? In this paper we answer the question for the discrete time quantum walk on Z2, the square lattice.
文摘In our previous paper [1], we proposed a non-standardization of the concept of convolution in order to construct an extended Wiener measure using nonstandard analysis by E. Nelson [2]. In this paper, we consider Ito’s integral with respect to the extended Wiener measure and extend Ito’s formula for Ito’s process. Because of doing the extension of Ito’s formula, we could treat stochastic differential equations in the sense of nonstandard analysis. In this framework, we need the nonstandardization of convolution again. It was not yet proved in the last paper, therefore we shall provide the proof.
基金Supported by Basic and Applied Basic Research Found of Guangdong Province,No.2022A1515011307。
文摘BACKGROUND Fanlian Huazhuo Formula(FLHZF)has the functions of invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm,clearing heat and purging turbidity.It has been identified to have therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in clinical application.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is frequently diagnosed in patients with T2DM.However,the therapeutic potential of FLHZF on NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.AIM To elucidate the effects of FLHZF on NAFLD and explore the underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acid for 24 hours to induce lipid accumulation cell model.Subsequently,experiments were conducted with the different concentrations of freeze-dried powder of FLHZF for 24 hours.C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8-week to establish a mouse model of NAFLD,and then treated with the different concentrations of FLHZF for 10 weeks.RESULTS FLHZF had therapeutic potential against lipid accumulation and abnormal changes in biochemical indicators in vivo and in vitro.Further experiments verified that FLHZF alleviated abnormal lipid metabolism might by reducing oxidative stress,regulating the AMPKα/SREBP-1C signaling pathway,activating autophagy,and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.CONCLUSION FLHZF alleviates abnormal lipid metabolism in NAFLD models by regulating reactive oxygen species,autophagy,apoptosis,and lipid synthesis signaling pathways,indicating its potential for clinical application in NAFLD.
基金Supported partially by the key project foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.18A110014)。
文摘In this paper,we introduce a kind of submanifold called translating solitons with density,and obtain two variational formulas for it,and show some geometric quantities of it.
基金funded by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
文摘In this article, we give a new proof of the Itôformula for some integral processes related to the space-time Lévy noise introduced in [1] [2] as an alternative for the Gaussian white noise perturbing an SPDE. We discuss two applications of this result, which are useful in the study of SPDEs driven by a space-time Lévy noise with finite variance: a maximal inequality for the p-th moment of the stochastic integral, and the Itôrepresentation theorem leading to a chaos expansion similar to the Gaussian case.
