Evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial potentials of Ixora coccinea root extract

Objective:To evaluate the wound healing and antimicrobial activity of root extracts of Ixora coccinea(I.coccinea).Methods:To investigate the wound healing efficacy of root extract of I.coccinea Linn,five groups of animals were divided each containing six animals.Two wound models including incision and excision wound models were used in this study.The parameters studied were tensile strength on incision wound model and in terms of wound contraction for excision wound model were compared with standard Nitrofurazone(NFZ) ointment(0.2%w/w). Six extracts(ethanol.aqueous,petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform and ethyl acetate ) of I. coccinea were screened for in vitro growth inhibiting activity against different bacterial strains riz. Staphylococcia aureus.Bacillus pumilius,Enterococcus facialis.Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were compared with the standard drugs ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol for antibacterial and griscofulvin for antifungal screening.The serial dilution and cup(or) well plate methods were used for the antimicrobial study and MIC was determined.Results:The ethanolic extract showed significant (P【0.001) wound healing activity when compared to standard drug NFZ with respect to normal control group.Amongst all.ethanolic extract showed highly significant antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains used in this study when compared to standard.The aqueous extract showed moderate significant inhibition against all bacterial strains when compared to standard. All the extracts were shown negligible activity against the fungal strains used in this study. Conclusions:The ethanolic root extract of I.coccinea showed pronounced wound healing and antibacterial activity.The probable reason to heal the wound was that the external application of the extract prevented the microbes to invade through the wound thus the protection of wound occurs against the infection of the various organisms.

Pharmacological screening of methanolic extract of Ixora species

Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial activity of niethanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species.Methods:Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion assay against fungi,gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Results:All niethanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species showed a broad-spectrum of antibacterial and antiyeast activities,which inhibited the growth of at least one bacterium or yeast.There was no remarkable difference between different Ixora species observed in this study.Conclusions:The significant antimicrobial activity shown by this Ixora species suggests its potential against infections caused by pathogens.The extract may be developed as an antimicrobial agent.

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ixora Coccinea Leaf Extract—A Green Approach

Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extract is a promising alternative to traditional method of chemical synthesis. In this paper, we report the synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide particles by biological method. Highly stable and spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles are produced by using zinc acetate and Ixora coccinea leaf extract. Formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles has been confirmed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), zetapotential study and Scanning Electron Microscope with the Energy Dispersive X-ray studies (EDX). Dynamic light scattering analysis shows average particle size of 145.1 nm whereas high zeta potential value confirms the stability of formed zinc oxide nanoparticles. The Scanning Electron Microscope reveals spherical morphology of nanoparticles and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis confirms the formation of highly pure zinc oxide nanoparticles. The zinc oxide nanoparticles from Ixora coccinea leaves are expected to have applications in biomedical, cosmetic industries, biotechnology, sensors, medical, catalysis, optical device, coatings, drug delivery and water remediation, and also may be applied for electronic and magneto-electric devices. This new eco-friendly approach of synthesis is a novel, cheap, and convenient technique suitable for large scale commercial production.

龙船花属(Ixora)植物研究现状及其园林应用

龙船花属(Ixora L.)植物是优良的木本花卉,种类繁多,遍布世界热带地区。文章对龙船花属植物种质资源,及其抗寒性、抗旱性、光合特性、花期调控、繁殖、切花保鲜等方面的研究现状进行了综述,并归纳总结了龙船花属植物在园林中的配置应用方式。

Ixora Coccinea Linn:Traditional Uses,Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Ixora coccinea Linn., （Rubiaceae） commonly known as jungle of geranium and red ixora, is an evergreen shrub found throughout India. Depending on the medical condition, the flowers, leaves, roots, and the stem are used to treat various ailments in the Indian traditional system of medicine, the Ayurveda, and also in various folk medicines. The fruits, when fully ripe, are used as a dietary source. Phytochemical studies indicate that the plant contains important phytochemicals such as lupeol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, sitosterol, rutin, lecocyanadin, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin. Pharmacological studies suggest that the plant possesses antioxidative, antibacterial, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiarrhoeal, antinociceptive, antimutagenic, antineoplastic and chemopreventive effects, thus lending scientific support to the plant＇s ethnomedicinal uses. In the present review, efforts are made in addressing its ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and validated pharmacological observations.

Antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats: An approach to evaluate asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis using thermography

Objective: Obesity and hyperlipidemia is the major cause of many pathological diseases with an increase side effects using allopathic drugs. The present study focuses on the effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats and associated complications.Methodology: In vitro radical scavenging activity of I. coccinea was assessed using DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide. In vivo antiobesity and antihyperlipidimic activity of I. coccinea was tested in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats and assessed for its biochemical parameters in blood and tissue samples.The relationship between physiological responses and regulation of body temperature was investigated by using animal surface temperature images captured with infrared camera.Results: The results of mineral analysis, antioxidant, total flavonoid and phenolic content represented high amount of mineral and had the potential to scavenge free radicals tested with DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide radicals with dose dependent activity. The highest activity was observed in aqueous extract, DPPH with 71.5% inhibition, FRAP with 56.8%, H2 O2 with 33% activity at 100 μg/mL concentration.Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats when treated with I. coccinea aqueous extract showed significant activity by regulating the biochemical parameters and maintaining the lipid profile by decreasing TC,LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG and improving HDL-C levels. Similarly, the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid,AST, ALT, ALP due to induction of hyperlipidemia, were brought back to near normal levels after treatment with I. coccinea. The levels of tissue anti-oxidants enzymes like SOD and CAT were also found to be improved in treated I. coccinea groups. The whole body asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis showed that significant decreases in temperature was observed in obesity induced groups but a gradual increase in temperature(2%–5%) was observed after treatment.Conclusion: Thus, the results indicated that I. coccinea can be a drug of choice to decrease the risk of complications associated with hyperlipidemia and obesity.

中国龙船花基因组Survey分析

中国龙船花Ixora chinensis是一种兼备药用与观赏价值的传统中药材,解析中国龙船花的基因组特征信息,可为其全基因组测序和药效成分生物合成的分子机制研究奠定理论基础。本研究利用Survey基因组测序技术,使用K-mer分析方法对中国龙船花基因组特征信息展开评估,获得基因组重复度、杂合度以及GC含量等信息。Survey高通量测序获得Raw Data 47.63 Gb,过滤后Clean data 45.62 Gb。K-mer分析表明,基因组大小588.35 Mb,杂合度1.5598%,重复度64.49%,GC含量35.71%,中国龙船花基因组呈现高杂合度、高重复度、基因组庞大的特征。

Evaluation of anxiolytic and hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Ixora cuneifolia in an animal model

Objective: To investigate anxiolytic and hypoglycemic activity of Ixora cuneifolia (Family:Rubiaceae) in an experimental animal model. Methods: Anxiolytic test was performed by elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole-board method. Hypoglycemic activity was measured in glucose-loaded Swiss albino mice by glucose tolerance test. Results: The methanol extract of Ixora cuneifolia exhibited dose-dependent and statistically significant (P < 0.05) anxiolytic activity at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Reduction of glucose level was observed with the highest dose 400 mg/kg of the extract in glucose tolerance test. Conclusions: The better anxiolytic and hypoglycemic activities in the present study could be due to the presence of different chemical constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, phenols and tannins in this methanolic extract.

龙船花压花保色方法研究

以红色龙船花为试材,采用不同的化学保色和物理干燥方法研究其保色工艺。化学保色法采用不同浓度蔗糖、葡萄糖、柠檬酸溶液、1:1的柠檬酸+蔗糖溶液(保色剂A)、1:1柠檬酸+葡萄糖溶液(保色剂B)、1:1硫酸镁+柠檬酸溶液(保色剂C)、食用色素(胭脂红),分别浸泡龙船花1 h;物理干燥法采用自然干燥法、压花板干燥法、微波干燥法和恒温箱低温(40℃)加热干燥法,研究不同种类保色剂和干燥法对龙船花的保色效果。结果表明,单独用糖酸和食用色素处理时,15%蔗糖、5%葡萄糖、5%柠檬酸和20%的食用色素浸泡龙船花保色效果较好;糖酸等组合处理时,10%的柠檬酸+蔗糖组合、5%的柠檬酸+葡萄糖组合和5%的柠檬酸+硫酸镁保色效果较好;花材压制干燥处理方法以普通干燥板压制较好,表现为压花花材色彩鲜艳、质地柔软、平整、干燥时间较短,综合保色效果好。

园林废弃物地表覆盖对龙船花生长发育的影响

利用植物残体进行地表覆盖是农林生产中采用的普遍方式,对于土壤水分保持、改善土壤肥力条件、促进植物生长及解决表土裸露问题等均具有显著效果。园林废弃物用于城市绿地地表覆盖是近年来国内外园林行业关注的焦点,并且是继堆肥回归土壤之外的主要应用发展方向。目前在园林废弃物覆盖研究和应用方面主要侧重于堆肥化后覆盖、染色覆盖等,而鲜有对不同组分原生材料覆盖效果进行系统比较的研究报道。为探明经简易加工后的园林废弃物原生材料覆盖对植物生长发育的影响,本研究以龙船花(Ixora chinensis Lam.)为研究对象,将园林废弃物分为4种组分材料(草屑、树叶、枝叶、树枝),经粉碎、晾干后作为原生覆盖材料进行试验,设置3个覆盖厚度(3、6、9 cm),并以无覆盖的裸土为对照。植物生长维护21个月后,分析不同覆盖处理对龙船花地上部植株的生长参数、矿质养分含量和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,覆盖处理明显提高了龙船花的株高、茎粗、生物量、SPAD,以及茎、叶的氮含量,各处理植株茎、叶的磷含量和茎的钾含量因覆盖材料类型与厚度不同而有差异,但对叶片钾含量无明显影响。相关性分析表明,龙船花的各生长参数指标与茎、叶的氮含量与SPAD两两间呈极显著正相关,磷含量与鲜叶质量呈显著正相关。通过主成分分析综合评价表明,覆盖处理对龙船花各指标的综合表现均优于对照,并可根据主成分综合得分将其分为两类,一类为对龙船花促生效果较好的处理,分别是3、6、9 cm厚度的枝叶、树枝,6、9 cm厚度的树叶覆盖处理,另一类为对龙船花促生效果相对较差的处理,分别是3、6、9 cm厚度的草屑,3 cm厚度的树叶覆盖处理。综上,本研究通过对龙船花生长影响的指标比较评价,筛选出适宜用作有机覆盖物的园林废弃物原生材料组分和覆盖厚度,可为园林废弃物作有机覆盖物的推广应用提供参考。

HPLC法同时测定龙船花提取物中京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、山奈酚和异鼠李素的含量

建立了同时测定龙船花提取物中京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、山奈酚和异鼠李素的HPLC法。采用HPLC法,0.15%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)进行梯度洗脱;检测波长:260 nm,流速:1 mL·min^(-1);柱温35℃。京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、山奈酚和异鼠李素分别在2.24~89.6 mg·L^(-1)、5.9225~236.9 mg·L^(-1)、3.485~139.4 mg·L^(-1)和4.445~177.8 mg·L^(-1)范围内线性关系良好。龙船花提取物中京尼平苷酸、绿原酸、山奈酚和异鼠李素的含量分别为1.987 mg·g^(-1)、6.048 mg·g^(-1)、3.647 mg·g^(-1)和4.442 mg·g^(-1)。该方法简便、准确,重现性好,可用于龙船花提取物的质量控制与评价。

NaCl胁迫对大黄龙船花生长及生理生化的影响

为探讨大黄龙船花（Ixora collinea‘Gillettese How’）的耐盐特性，对NaCl胁迫下大黄龙船花扦插幼苗的生长和生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明，NaCl胁迫处理后大黄龙船花叶片中的丙二醛含量、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量升高，膜伤害程度加大。叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量与NaCl浓度间存在显著正相关关系。随着盐胁迫浓度的增加，叶片总叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量呈下降趋势，两者与NaCl浓度间呈显著负相关关系。可溶性糖含量、SOD活性与NaCl浓度间的相关性不显著。较低浓度的盐胁迫（0.2%~0.6%）对大黄龙船花的生长有轻微的抑制作用，而0.8%~1.5%的高浓度盐胁迫显著影响生理生化指标。

水杨酸对龙船花抗低温胁迫的影响

研究了-5,0,5℃3种低温胁迫条件下经水杨酸(SA)处理与对照的小叶龙船花的4个抗寒性指标的变化。结果表明:在同低温胁迫下,SA处理的脯氨酸、蛋白质、丙二醛(MDA)等的含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性与对照的差异极显著,外源SA能抑制脯氨酸形成积累、可溶性蛋白质降解,并能提高POD活性,抑制MDA形成积累。因此,外源SA能显著提高龙船花的抗寒性。

6种园林花灌木幼苗生长及生物量的分配

比较不同植物幼苗期的形态特征和生物量的分配积累,探究基本生长指标对植物生长的指示作用与相关性,为园林苗木的培育提供依据。于不同季节对华南地区常用的6种园林花灌木[细叶粉扑花(Calliandra brevipes)、红粉扑花(C.emarginata)、龙船花(Ixora chinensis)、橙红龙船花(I.coccineavar.coccinea)、黄龙船花(I.coccinea var.coccineaf.lutea)、邦德胡卡红仙丹草(I.coccineavar.bandhuca)]幼苗的生长指标进行测量评估及相关分析。结果显示:在同一生长期内,橙红龙船花与邦德胡卡红仙丹草幼苗各部分获得更大的生物量增长;地径、Dickson质量指数和体积指数能较好地反映植物生物量的变化(p<0.01),可用于园林植物幼苗质量的评估;植物幼苗地上部生物量与地下部生物量,及总生物量在不同时期均存在极显著的相关关系(p<0.001)。

龙船花全草化学成分研究

目的:研究龙船花全草的化学成分。方法:按通用试剂法用含水乙醇渗漉提取,提取物水混悬后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次萃取,获得各极性部位;用硅胶、聚酰胺、大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱、结合重结晶法进行分离纯化;用理化检验、MS、~1H-NMR、^(13)C-NMR、DEPT等方法进行结构解析,并结合文献鉴定结构。结果:从龙船花全草的乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位分离得到11个化合物,经鉴定分别为:单羟基甾醇(22E,24S)-24-甲基胆甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、东莨菪内酯(2)、十六烷酸(3)、熊果酸(4)、邻羟基苯甲酸(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6)、D-甘露醇(7)、山柰酚-3-O-云香糖-7-O-鼠李糖苷(8)、正丁基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷(9)、山柰酚(10)、己内酰胺(11)。结论:其中,化合物1~6、8、9、11均首次从该植物中分离得到。

6种龙船花的光合特性研究

对6个龙船花品种叶片的形态特征、光合作用日变化和光响应曲线进行测定与分析,结果表明:6种龙船花的光合能力差异不显著,LSP和LCP均较低,说明利用强光的能力较差,耐阳性较弱,而对弱光利用能力较强,具有较强的适应弱光的能力;且它们的WUE也比较低,在0.89～1.37μmol/mmol间,表现出耐荫喜湿的特性。因此在生产上应注意适当遮荫和水分的管理,其中龙船花(I.chinensis)能适应较强的阳光。6种龙船花的Pn均与PAR、Tr、Ci极显著相关,但品种不同,其主导因子也不一样。龙船花和大王龙船花的Pn与Gs、Ci、Tr、VpdL、PAR呈极显著相关;大黄龙船花、橙红龙船花、杏黄龙船花的Pn与Ci、Tr、VpdL、PAR呈极显著相关,而与Gs不相关;洋红龙船花的Pn与Gs、Ci、Tr、PAR呈极显著相关,而与VpdL不相关。

5种龙船花属植物幼苗生长与生物量的研究

对5种龙船花属植物幼苗生长过程中的形态特征和生物量的积累情况进行了测量和统计分析。结果表明,幼苗的根长与地下生物量、地上生物量与地下生物量存在显著的相关性(p<0.01),其中同属不同种的植物在同一年龄阶段,不同器官的生物量不同;同种不同变种、变型的植物,其生长的一致性则较高;橙红龙船花(Ixora coccinea var.coccinea)和黄龙船花(I.coccinea var.coccineaf.lutea)具有较大的根冠比,生长迅速;而邦德胡卡红仙丹草(I.coccinea var.bandhuca)比叶面积较大,截获光的能力更强;龙船花(I.chinensis)、橙红龙船花和矮龙船花(I.williamsii‘Sunkist’)较耐瘠薄,有利于在非理想环境中应用。

龙船花切花瓶插保鲜液配方研究

通过测定龙船花瓶插寿命、鲜重、花瓣质膜透性和花瓣蛋白质含量,研究不同浓度配比的蔗糖、硫酸铝、漂白粉和抗坏血酸的保鲜液对龙船花切花瓶插寿命的影响。结果表明:75 mg/L硫酸铝+3%蔗糖+100 mg/L漂白粉+100 mg/L抗坏血酸为较理想的龙船花瓶插保鲜液,切花瓶插寿命比处理1延长5 d,其鲜重变化和蛋白质变化均比较缓慢,相对电导率上升也比较慢。

矮生龙船花的组织培养和快速繁殖

矮生龙船花(IxoracoccineaL.)的带节茎段在MS+2,4D2.0mg/L培养基上产生大量的愈伤组织;在MS+6BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L培养基上芽的增殖系数达413,并产生少量的愈伤组织;在MS+NAA0.2～2.0mg/L培养基上只产生芽而无愈伤组织形成。愈伤组织在MS+6BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基上产生大量的不定芽,丛生芽在MS+6BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基上生长较快并产生较多分枝,将分枝节下或切成段后在MS+6BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基上能迅速生长并产生新的分枝。试管内小苗在1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L培养基上的生根壮苗效果较好。矮生龙船花试管苗成活率为935%。

NaCl胁迫对大黄龙船花幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

为探讨大黄龙船花的耐盐生理特性和耐盐能力,采用盆栽试验技术研究不同浓度Na Cl（0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%和1.5%）对大黄龙船花幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明：Na Cl胁迫使参试植物生长受到明显抑制,随着Na Cl浓度的增加,大黄龙船花的叶绿素含量、光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）均呈下降趋势,胞间C02浓度（Ci）呈现先降低后升高的趋势;Na Cl浓度与大黄龙船花的Pn、Tr、Gs极显著负相关,与Ci、WUE不相关。综合分析大黄龙船花属于盐敏感植物,较低Na Cl（0.2%～0.6%）胁迫就对其生长和光合参数产生抑制,不适宜在盐碱地推广。