T应力作用下的J积分理论研究

T应力是表征裂尖应力场所必需的物理量之一,在其作用下J积分的性质有待研究。推导了J积分在考虑T应力情况下的表达式,采用数值模拟方法在Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅰ+Ⅱ复合型加载工况下对该表达式进行验证,给出一种基于J积分的裂尖应力场参数计算方法。理论推导证明,J1积分的路径守恒性不受T应力影响,但J2积分的数值与积分路径起止点到裂尖距离r的平方根之间满足线性关系,J2-r曲线的系数与T应力相关。有限元仿真结果表明,试样裂纹长度对J积分的影响较为显著,网格尺寸对J积分计算结果的影响很小;相同载荷工况下,不同尺寸试样的J积分数值不同,但J2-r曲线的变化趋势与理论推导的表达式相符;在Ⅱ型和Ⅰ+Ⅱ复合型载荷工况下,T应力的求解精度较高,而在Ⅰ型载荷工况下,J2≈0,受舍入误差等因素影响,求解精度降低。

C57BL/6J小鼠背景的CD19嵌合抗原受体T细胞的制备及优化

目的:探索C57BL/6J小鼠CD3^(+)T细胞体外刺激条件、最佳培养和感染时间,以期提高CD19嵌合抗原受体T细胞(m CD19 CAR-T)的感染效率。方法:将纯化的C57BL/6J小鼠CD3^(+)T细胞在包被CD3/CD28抗体(anti-CD3/CD28 coated)、包被CD3抗体+可溶性CD28抗体(anti-CD3 coated+soluble anti-CD28)和包被CD3抗体(anti-CD3 coated)3种不同条件下分别刺激12 h和24 h,后续培养24 h、48 h和72 h并记录细胞克隆数。在上述3种条件下分别刺激C57BL/6J小鼠CD3^(+)T细胞12、24和36 h,然后加入白介素(IL)-2(100 U/ml),镜下记录培养24 h、48 h和72 h的细胞克隆数;此条件下取刺激24 h的CD3^(+)T细胞,感染m CD19 CAR-T逆转录病毒,制备m CD19 CAR-T细胞,流式检测48 h时3组中GFP+CAR-T细胞的百分率。结果:利用获得BALB/c小鼠m CD19 CAR-T细胞的最优化条件,制备C57BL/6J小鼠的m CD19 CAR-T细胞感染效率仅5.23%;anti-CD3^(+)soluble anti-CD28 coated刺激C57BL/6J小鼠CD3^(+)T细胞24 h,终止刺激继续培养至48 h时细胞克隆数最高;在上述条件刺激24 h后加入IL-2培养48 h,anti-CD3^(+)soluble anti-CD28 coated组T细胞增殖克隆数量显著增加,且CAR-T细胞感染效率为17.63%±4.17%。结论:C57BL/6J小鼠来源T细胞制备CAR-T细胞的最佳条件与BABL/c小鼠不同;anti-CD3^(+)soluble anti-CD28 coated+IL-2刺激条件下诱导的T细胞感染逆转录病毒后可获得最高效率的m CD19 CAR-T细胞。

CAST/EiJ小鼠外周血和脾中免疫细胞及亚群分析

目的探索CAST/EiJ小鼠对多种病原体易感的可能原因,分析CAST/EiJ小鼠外周血和脾内的免疫细胞表型,明确CAST/EiJ小鼠的免疫细胞构成。方法利用流式细胞术,通过细胞表面标记物CD3、CD4、CD8、CD11b、CD11c、CD19、CD27、CD49b和TCRβ检测CAST/EiJ小鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠外周血和脾内经典型树突状细胞(cDCs)、自然杀伤细胞(NK)、B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群的细胞比例。结果CAST/EiJ小鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠的cDCs细胞比例无明显差异,但cDC1细胞亚群比例偏低;CAST/EiJ小鼠的NK细胞(主要是成熟NK细胞亚群)和T淋巴细胞(主要是CD8+T细胞)比例都显著低于C57BL/6J小鼠,而CAST/EiJ小鼠的B淋巴细胞比例高于C57BL/6J小鼠。结论CAST/EiJ小鼠中NK和T淋巴细胞比例显著低于C57BL/6J小鼠。

从转向到演化:W.J.T.米歇尔图像学研究的理论进路

自20世纪90年代始,视觉媒介技术逐渐完成了从电子技术向数字技术的转换,与此同时,学界也兴起一股以“图像转向”为主题的视觉文化研究热潮,W.J.T.米歇尔无疑是其中的领军人物。近年来,虚拟影像技术、大数据算法、生成式人工智能等新型数字技术系统的不断突破,再一次激发了人们对未来视觉呈现的想象。此刻,回看米歇尔对现代图像学的理论构想和阶段阐述,不难发现米歇尔在该研究领域的前瞻性,他关于生控复制及生命图像的隐喻,以及关于形象科学的系统性论释,打通了符号学、媒介学与图像学的边界,在完善从转向到演化的自身理论框架的同时,为当下诸多图像新样态和视觉新现象提供了重要的理论论证支撑,实现了现代图像学从认识论到本体论的体系建构。

制冷工质压力对红外用波纹管J-T制冷器制冷性能的影响研究

通过具体实验研究了制冷工质压力对波纹管自调式J-T制冷器制冷性能的影响。实验工况内的结论如下:在一定的压力范围内(11 MPa≤P≤23 MPa),随着工质压力的增大,应用该款制冷器的红外系统的启动时间逐步缩短,但启动加快的速率会随工质压力的增大而减小。当工质压力增大到一定程度(23 MPa≤P≤27 MPa)时,启动时间将趋于稳定。在一定的压力范围内(11 MPa≤P≤15 MPa),随着工质压力的增大,应用该款制冷器的红外系统的蓄冷时间逐步加长;但工质压力增大到一定程度(15 MPa≤P≤27 MPa)时,蓄冷时间将趋于稳定。在一定的压力范围内(11 MPa≤P≤27 MPa),随着工质压力的增大,制冷器启动时的最大流量呈线性增大趋势,运行时的稳定流量呈逐步增大趋势。本文实验研究的过程方法和研究结果具有工程借鉴意义。

动态能力视角下的企业发展战略分析--基于JT速递的案例研究

在激烈的国际市场和多变的外部环境下,企业发展战略的实施至关重要。其有助于企业通过加强核心优势,实现内外部资源的动态平衡。文章研究以快递行业中的JT速递公司为案例,基于动态能力视角,采用单一案例的纵向研究方法,来分析该公司的发展演进过程。同时,研究运用SWOT分析模型,从多个角度审视了JT速递的外部环境和内部资源。最后,深入探讨了JT速递的企业发展战略,并提出了相关建议,以促进该企业和整个行业的可持续发展。

一种三维集成的Ku波段高功率T/R模块

基于硅基微电子机械系统(MEMS)三维(3D)异构集成工艺,设计并制作了用于相控阵天线系统的三维堆叠式Ku波段四通道高功率收发(T/R)模块。该模块由两层硅基封装堆叠而成,层间采用球栅阵列(BGA)植球堆叠,实现模块小型化;采用高低阻抗匹配建模,保证低损耗输出,采用导热垫加微流道散热板达到了良好的散热效果,实现模块高功率输出;对模块的微波垂直互连结构和散热进行建模和仿真。测试结果表明,在14~18 GHz内发射通道饱和输出功率大于40 dBm,接收通道增益大于21 dB,噪声系数小于3.5 dB,模块尺寸仅为14.0 mm×14.0 mm×3.3 mm。该模块在兼顾高集成度的同时性能指标得到了进一步提升。

一种锥形自调式J-T制冷器

介绍了一种既可以实现快速启动又能够维持长时间小流量工作的锥形自调式J-T制冷器,可以广泛应用于制导导弹中红外焦平面探测器组件的制冷。该J-T制冷器采用微型波纹管作为自调机构,具有成本低、适应范围广等特点。与探测器杜瓦组件进行耦合试验,结果表明在50 MPa氩气气源条件下,芯片降温至100 K所需时间≤5 s。

W.J.T.米歇尔图像学视角下的摄影图像研究

进入21世纪,在摄影技术不断更新和互联网飞速发展的背景下,摄影图像在人们生活中的地位不断凸显,海德格尔所说的“世界图像时代”已经到来。面对摄影图像的爆炸式增长,相关人员需要运用一定的方法论分析摄影图像的丰富内涵和代表的时代意义,并通过分析了解优秀摄影图像的构建逻辑,用以指导摄影实践。该文通过研究米歇尔的图像学理论,运用图像学的方法,从米歇尔图像学中的形象、文本、意识形态三个方面探讨摄影图像的真正内涵、构成逻辑及其带来的社会效应。

Cognitive J^(2)SAC:Joint Jamming,Sensing,and Communication Under Antagonistic Environment

Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is regarded as a recent advanced technology,which is expected to realize the dual functions of sensing and communication simultaneously in one system.Nevertheless,it still faces the challenges of the information security and transmission robustness caused by the openness of wireless channel,especially under antagonistic environment.Hence,this article develops a generalized framework,named cognitive joint jamming,sensing and communication(cognitive J2SAC),to empower the current sensing/communication/jamming system with a“brain”for realizing precise sensing,reliable communication and effective jamming under antagonistic environment.Three kinds of gains can be captured by cognitive J2SAC,including integrated gain,cooperative gain and cognitive gain.Moreover,we highlight the enabling mechanism among jamming,sensing,and communication,as well as illustrating several typical use cases of cognitive J2SAC.Furthermore,several key enabled technologies are analyzed and a typical sensing enhance integrated communication and jamming case study is discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Last but not the least,the future directions are listed before concluding this article.Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is regarded as a recent advanced technology,which is expected to realize the dual functions of sensing and communication simultaneously in one system.Nevertheless,it still faces the challenges of the information security and transmission robustness caused by the openness of wireless channel,especially under antagonistic environment.Hence,this article develops a generalized framework,named cognitive joint jamming,sensing and communication(cognitive J2SAC),to empower the current sensing/communication/jamming system with a“brain”for realizing precise sensing,reliable communication and effective jamming under antagonistic environment.Three kinds of gains can be captured by cognitive J2SAC,including integrated gain,cooperative gain and cognitive gain.Moreover,we highlight the enabling mechanism among jamming,sensing,and communication,as well as illustrating several typical use cases of cognitive J2SAC.Furthermore,several key enabled technologies are analyzed and a typical sensing enhance integrated communication and jamming case study is discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Last but not the least,the future directions are listed before concluding this article.

CRACK TIP FIELD AND J-INTEGRAL WITH STRAIN GRADIENT EFFECT

The mode I plane strain crack tip field with strain gradient effects is presented in this paper based on a simplified strain gradient theory within the framework proposed by Acharya and Bassani.The theory retains the essential structure of the incremental version of the conventional J_2 deformation theory.No higher-order stress is introduced and no extra boundary value conditions beyond the conventional ones are required.The strain gradient effects are considered in the constitutive relation only through the instantaneous tangent modulus.The strain gradient measures are included into the tangent modulus as internal parameters.Therefore the boundary value problem is the same as that in the conventional theory.Two typical crack problems are studied:(a)the crack tip field under the small scale yielding condition induced by a linear elastic mode-I K-field and(b)the complete field for a compact tension specimen.The calculated results clearly show that the stress level near the crack tip with strain gradient effects is considerable higher than that in the classical theory.The singularity of the strain field near the crack tip is nearly equal to the square-root singularity and the singularity of the stress field is slightly greater than it.Consequently,the J-integral is no longer path independent and increases monotonically as the radius of the calculated circular contour decreases.

Residual Stress and Fracture Toughness Study in A516 Gr70 Steel Joints Welded and Repaired by Arc Processes

Structural components made of steel are used in several areas and require welding for assembly. In some situations, repair of the weld bead, also performed by electric arc welding, can be used to correct, and eliminate any discontinuities. However, electric arc welding causes the presence of residual stresses in the joint, which can impair its performance and not meet specific design requirements. In this paper, welded joints made of ASTM A 516 GR 70 steel plates, with a thickness of 30.5 mm, welded by the MAG—Metal Active Gas process (20% CO2) and using a “K” groove were analysed. The joints were manufactured with seven welding passes on each side of the groove. After welding, one batch underwent repair of the bead by TIG welding (Tungsten Insert Gas) and another batch underwent two repairs by TIG welding. Were presented results of the behaviour of the residual stress profile measured by X-ray diffraction and the Vickers microhardness profile in the joints as well the fracture toughness in the conditions only welded and submitted to repairs. The results indicated that the greater number of repair passes reduced the residual compressive stress values obtained in the material manufacturing process and caused a stabilization on the Vickers hardness values. It was concluded that compressive residual stresses did not play a major role in the R-curve results. The presence of discontinuities in the welded joint caused greater influence on the behaviour of the R curve.

PATH-INDEPENDENT J-INTEGRAL AND ITS DUAL FORM IN ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOLIDS WITH FINITE DISPLACEMENTS

In this paper, based on energy variational principles of elastic-plastic solids, the path-independent J-integral and its dual form in elastic-plastic solids with finite displacements are presented. Whose testification is given there after.

The Bivariate Normal Integral via Owen’s T Function as a Modified Euler’s Arctangent Series

The Owen’s T function is presented in four new ways, one of them as a series similar to the Euler’s arctangent series divided by 2π, which is its majorant series. All possibilities enable numerically stable and fast convergent computation of the bivariate normal integral with simple recursion. When tested computation on a random sample of one million parameter triplets with uniformly distributed components and using double precision arithmetic, the maximum absolute error was 3.45 × 10-16. In additional testing, focusing on cases with correlation coefficients close to one in absolute value, when the computation may be very sensitive to small rounding errors, the accuracy was retained. In rare potentially critical cases, a simple adjustment to the computation procedure was performed—one potentially critical computation was replaced with two equivalent non-critical ones. All new series are suitable for vector and high-precision computation, assuming they are supplemented with appropriate efficient and accurate computation of the arctangent and standard normal cumulative distribution functions. They are implemented by the R package Phi2rho, available on CRAN. Its functions allow vector arguments and are ready to work with the Rmpfr package, which enables the use of arbitrary precision instead of double precision numbers. A special test with up to 1024-bit precision computation is also presented.

Intertextuality in“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”

T.S.Eliot was a leader of the Modernist movement in poetry.His early poem The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock reveals the disappointment,loss,confusion and lack of faith that prevailed in Western society after the World WarⅠ.In this paper,the text of Love Song will be assessed from the perspective of intertextuality through the connection of the fantasy world and the disconnection of the real world.

试验、批判与救赎--T.J.克拉克艺术社会史研究中的变与不变

在对普桑的两幅风景作品的个案研究中,克拉克以观看的直觉透析画家对生命和死亡的哲学沉思。他从绘画研究角度反思当代的视觉文化,充分体现了美术史研究的问题意识以及思想深度。《瞥见死神》的写作试验对恢复图画自身特性澄明的思考,改变了其一贯的事事追求客观的艺术社会史研究范式,而其鲜明的左翼政治立场和从解读图像角度对资本主义政体的批判,则是其始终不变的主题。

J-Integral of Interfacial Crack Between Metal-Base Ceramic Coating and Steel

The definition of J-integral of interfacial crack was introduced. The three-point bending tests were carried out to obtain the critical loading values when the interfacial crack initiation occurred between coatings and substrates. The finite element analysis (FEA) was adopted to analyze the stress distribution in the specimens and compute the J-integral of the interfacial crack between LX88A coating and Chinese Q345 steel. The results showed that the average value of critical J-integral is 0.70 N/m, which can be taken as the fracture parameter to evaluate the interfacial fracture behavior for the three-point bending specimens of LX88A coating/Q345 steel system.

CONSERVATION LAW AND APPLICATION OF J- INTEGRAL IN MULTI-MATERIALS

The conservation law of J-integral in two-media with a crack paralleling to the interface of the two media was firstly proved by analytical and numerical finite element method. Then a schedule model was established that an interface crack is inserted in four media. According to the J-integral conservation law on multi-media, the energy release ratio of Ⅰ-type crack was considered to be conservation when the middle medium layers are very thin. And the conservation law was also convinced by numerical method. By means of the dimension analysis on the model, the asymptotic results and formula calculating the energy release ratio and complex stress intensity factor are presented.

Geomorphological responses of rivers to active tectonics along the Karahay?t Fault, Western Türkiye

Understanding the topography in active tectonic areas and assessing the rates and models of active deformation in the upper crust are primary objectives in tectonic geomorphology studies. The drainage pattern of river systems is highly sensitive to tectonically induced changes, and it often preserves the records of the formation and progression of most tectono-geomorphic processes within its boundaries. Therefore, the evolution of landforms is a consequence of the evolution of individual drainage basins in which they are formed. Assessing the rates of tectonic deformation using geomorphic data is a traditionally adopted method to characterize the nature of active faults. Globally, the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) is widely used as a crucial tool to analyze the morphotectonic features of drainage basins. In this study, some geomorphic indices were applied to investigate the impact of tectonism on landscape along the Karahay?t Fault and its associated drainage areas. These geomorphic indices are mountain front sinuosity(Smf values between 1.17-1.52), valley floor width-to-height ratio(Vf values between 0.25-1.46), basin asymmetry factor(AF values between 15-72), drainage basin shape(Bs values between 3.18-6.01), hypsometric integral and curve(HI values between 0.32-047), channel sinuosity(S values between 1-1.6), normalized steepness index(Ksn values between 1-390) and Chi integral(χ values between 200-4400). The development of drainage areas on the hanging wall and footwall block of the Karahayit Fault differs depending on the uplift. The drainage areas developed on the hanging wall present different patterns depending on the regional uplift caused by the fault. This reveals that the fault contributed significantly to the development of drainage areas and regional uplift in the region. In addition, the maximum earthquake magnitude that may occur in the future on the Karahayit Fault, whose activity is supported by geomorphic indices, is calculated as 6.23. Since an earthquake of this magnitude may cause loss of life and property in the region, precautions should be taken.

Populational change of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg cells is responsible for the synergistic effect of the combination of RAMP2 with baicalin in treating recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse models

Background: The absence of a safe and effective therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion due to a maternofetal failure in immunological tolerance remains an intractable clinical obstacle for surgeons. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has become a feasible alternative for certain diseases, including recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, because of the complex composition of the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its action mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We selected two isolated active ingredients (RAMP and baicalin) from the traditional Chinese medicine formula and used an abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 model to simulate human RSA and compared the changes in fetal resorption rate, Treg cell percentage, and relevant cytokines before and after combination therapy. In addition, The mechanisms were preliminarily discussed using in vitro differentiation models. Results: In CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice, the combination therapy resulted in a lower embryo resorption rate compared to that obtained with individual delivery of either RAMP or baicalin, thereby playing an embryo-protective role through the increase in Treg cells for the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In in vitro primary cell differentiation experiments, the concentration of Treg cells significantly increased from 11% to 17.9% after the combination therapy compared to that of the single administration group. Conclusion: the synergistic effects of RAMP and baicalin were responsible for Treg differentiation. The present study provides a solid basis for improving the applicability of traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.