Objective:To study asymbiotic seed germination and mass propagation of Dendrobium lasianthera which is one of the endangered medicinal orchids using seeds.Methods:The 14 weeks old hand pollinated seeds were sown on Va...Objective:To study asymbiotic seed germination and mass propagation of Dendrobium lasianthera which is one of the endangered medicinal orchids using seeds.Methods:The 14 weeks old hand pollinated seeds were sown on Vacin and Went(VW)solid medium supplemented with various concentrations of peptone(1,2,3 g/L) and without peptone which was used as control treatment.At the 4,8,and 12 weeks after the seeds were sown,seed germination and shoot formation were investigated.To evaluate the role of organic nutrient additives on subsequent shoot development and root formation,particular shoots with about 1 cm length contains 1–2 leaves obtained from the seeds germination was cultured on VW medium additives with different of organic nutrient:15% coconut water,2 g/L peptone,150 g/L banana homogenate,and without organic nutrient was used as control.After 16 weeks of culture,the plantlet height,number of leaves,number of roots,leaf length and root length were recorded.Results:The supplementation of 2 g/L peptone in VW medium was proven to be suitable concentration for seed germination(100%) and shoot formation with 84.0% the protocorm development to phase 5(shoot).VW medium containing 15% coconut water was effectively improved the shoot development,with well developed roots and leaves compared to the other treatment and 95% of acclimatized plantlets survived.Conclusions:This protocol is an efficient way for the in vitro mass propagation of this Dendrobium lasianthera.展开更多
J.J.Thomson(John Joseph Thomson 1856—1940)1856年12月18日生于曼彻斯特附近的Cheethum Hill。14岁进入Owens学院(曼彻斯特大学的前身)学习,1876年考入剑桥的三一学院,1880年他取得了剑桥大学特设的数学优等考试优胜者称号。曾先后...J.J.Thomson(John Joseph Thomson 1856—1940)1856年12月18日生于曼彻斯特附近的Cheethum Hill。14岁进入Owens学院(曼彻斯特大学的前身)学习,1876年考入剑桥的三一学院,1880年他取得了剑桥大学特设的数学优等考试优胜者称号。曾先后被选为英国皇家学会的学员和主席等职务。1906年曾因用气体导电的实验研究和发现电子,获得诺贝尔物理学奖。 Thomson早年的研究工作偏重数学和理论物理,较少涉及实验物理。实际上,他并不擅长实验,他的早期助手曾回忆说:“J.J.的手很笨拙,我感到不必鼓励他去操作仪器”,通常他是和那些能够“巧妙地使用仪器的助手一起工作的,(他的儿子)G.P.Thomson在纪念他的百年诞辰时说:“我的父亲在很多方面都是一个予盾的人,虽然他是一位伟大的实验者并有奇异的眼力看出各种各样仪器的小毛病,但他的手太不灵活,只有在书写的时候,才能写出一手清楚而有力的字,当他设计实验装置时用的是最简单的方法,并且我想他对仪器本身不会产多少喜爱的感觉。”他的才能(对物理学家和实验物理学家来说至关重要的才能)在于,清楚下一步要解决的问题是什么。展开更多
在黑龙江省东南部地区的海林市进行紫斑牡丹[Paeonia rockii(S.G.Haw et L.A.Lauener)T.Hong et J.J.Li]苗木的栽培试验,连续3年对紫斑牡丹的生长发育表现、物候期进行了观测,采用不同防寒措施进行对比试验。结果表明,紫斑牡丹苗木部分...在黑龙江省东南部地区的海林市进行紫斑牡丹[Paeonia rockii(S.G.Haw et L.A.Lauener)T.Hong et J.J.Li]苗木的栽培试验,连续3年对紫斑牡丹的生长发育表现、物候期进行了观测,采用不同防寒措施进行对比试验。结果表明,紫斑牡丹苗木部分植株地下根系不做防寒处理能正常越冬,但地上枝条冻害严重,保存率逐年降低,长势弱,每年生长量不明显;物候期与原产地相比均较晚;采用不同防寒措施对其萌芽期和始花期影响较大,对其成活率也有一定影响。展开更多
This study aims to question the traditional interpretation of the Enlightenment discourse,which rests upon the assumption that Eastern Europeans were considered as uneducated savages(an image created by Western Europe...This study aims to question the traditional interpretation of the Enlightenment discourse,which rests upon the assumption that Eastern Europeans were considered as uneducated savages(an image created by Western European elites)that need to be developed according to the principles of Western civilization.Such a view might be deemed incomplete and thus misleading.Of course,there have always been many“Western progressive thinkers”who promoted the idea of westernization of the East,as well as there have been plenty of Eastern Enlightenment intellectuals holding onto Western ideals as a means of salvation from backwardness.However,one should admit that the original Eastern structures of state and society represented an inspiring alternative that enabled some theoreticians to get a different viewpoint;as obvious in the Polish case.Taking the uniqueness of their 18th century political system into account,one is able to acknowledge the importance of the Polish internal debate that tried to answer whether a republican spirit of the state was something that should have been preserved or completely rejected.In terms of the East-Western dichotomical point of view however,it is essential that this contradiction between republic as“bulwark of freedom”and“backward barbarism”did not only represent a local issue,but also piqued Western curiosity,especially Rousseau’s one.Hence,it is fully legitimate to analyse his approach towards this Eastern European country and his conclusions that contradicted both the Western as well as the Polish common convictions that the region was something undesirable.Thus,the main purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the tensions between Rousseau and Polish Enlightenment thinkers such as M.Wielhorski or S.Leszczyński and,by clarifying them,to reveal a deeper ambiguity of the Enlightenment discourse concerning the interpretation of Eastern Europe as well as human nature.展开更多
Singchia Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, a new orchid genus, is established based on the new species S. malipoensis Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen found in southeast Yunnan, China. The new genus is related to Pteroceras, from which...Singchia Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, a new orchid genus, is established based on the new species S. malipoensis Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen found in southeast Yunnan, China. The new genus is related to Pteroceras, from which it differs by having a lip with its basal margins immovably adnate to the lower part of the pendent column foot, a thin-walled spur, and very unequally and deeply split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle. In addition to a discussion on Ascocentrum pusillum, a species of questionable placement, another new genus, namely Gunnaria S. C. Chen ex Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is set up and a new combination, namely G. pusilla （Aver.） Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is made. The new genus Gunnaria differs from its allyAscocentrum by having a cross-shaped pollinarium, sulcate or split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle attached to a common linear stipe much longer than either pollinia or viscidium, and strongly incurved side lobes of the lip.展开更多
What is the true sense of freedom？ Man is free and lacks freedom. The author considers the example of Louis XIV. It seemed that he held the sovereignty as the king of the absolute monarchy and the greatest freedom. B...What is the true sense of freedom？ Man is free and lacks freedom. The author considers the example of Louis XIV. It seemed that he held the sovereignty as the king of the absolute monarchy and the greatest freedom. But all his teeth were pulled out to protect him from illness and in his exercise as the king, he had many official obligations. Though he was king, he was free and lacked freedom. According to J. J. Rousseau （1762） who discussed the principle of freedom and oppression （deprivation）, if man realizes freedom, it needs to express his duty and subordination to the state. Therefore man is free and lacks freedom. What is the situation of contemporary citizens？ Instead of the oppression by the state, the citizen is controlled by the mass media. The best example is the drama observed about the prime ministers of Japan. There were many manipulations by the mass media. For our benefit we need to educate the persons who have good sense. We should remember that our freedom is not absolute. We are free and lack freedom, too. Often man searches freedom and comfort but often, on the contrary, he faces the lack of freedom. Electricity that is produced by a nuclear plant is useful, but the explosion of the nuclear plant creates a huge damage and tragedy, In a sense, deprivation is larger than freedom, because it could teach us self- awareness, moderation and let us know that we have enough.展开更多
基金Supported by the Decentralized Research Program Directorate General Higher Education Indonesia No.519/UN3/2015
文摘Objective:To study asymbiotic seed germination and mass propagation of Dendrobium lasianthera which is one of the endangered medicinal orchids using seeds.Methods:The 14 weeks old hand pollinated seeds were sown on Vacin and Went(VW)solid medium supplemented with various concentrations of peptone(1,2,3 g/L) and without peptone which was used as control treatment.At the 4,8,and 12 weeks after the seeds were sown,seed germination and shoot formation were investigated.To evaluate the role of organic nutrient additives on subsequent shoot development and root formation,particular shoots with about 1 cm length contains 1–2 leaves obtained from the seeds germination was cultured on VW medium additives with different of organic nutrient:15% coconut water,2 g/L peptone,150 g/L banana homogenate,and without organic nutrient was used as control.After 16 weeks of culture,the plantlet height,number of leaves,number of roots,leaf length and root length were recorded.Results:The supplementation of 2 g/L peptone in VW medium was proven to be suitable concentration for seed germination(100%) and shoot formation with 84.0% the protocorm development to phase 5(shoot).VW medium containing 15% coconut water was effectively improved the shoot development,with well developed roots and leaves compared to the other treatment and 95% of acclimatized plantlets survived.Conclusions:This protocol is an efficient way for the in vitro mass propagation of this Dendrobium lasianthera.
文摘在黑龙江省东南部地区的海林市进行紫斑牡丹[Paeonia rockii(S.G.Haw et L.A.Lauener)T.Hong et J.J.Li]苗木的栽培试验,连续3年对紫斑牡丹的生长发育表现、物候期进行了观测,采用不同防寒措施进行对比试验。结果表明,紫斑牡丹苗木部分植株地下根系不做防寒处理能正常越冬,但地上枝条冻害严重,保存率逐年降低,长势弱,每年生长量不明显;物候期与原产地相比均较晚;采用不同防寒措施对其萌芽期和始花期影响较大,对其成活率也有一定影响。
文摘This study aims to question the traditional interpretation of the Enlightenment discourse,which rests upon the assumption that Eastern Europeans were considered as uneducated savages(an image created by Western European elites)that need to be developed according to the principles of Western civilization.Such a view might be deemed incomplete and thus misleading.Of course,there have always been many“Western progressive thinkers”who promoted the idea of westernization of the East,as well as there have been plenty of Eastern Enlightenment intellectuals holding onto Western ideals as a means of salvation from backwardness.However,one should admit that the original Eastern structures of state and society represented an inspiring alternative that enabled some theoreticians to get a different viewpoint;as obvious in the Polish case.Taking the uniqueness of their 18th century political system into account,one is able to acknowledge the importance of the Polish internal debate that tried to answer whether a republican spirit of the state was something that should have been preserved or completely rejected.In terms of the East-Western dichotomical point of view however,it is essential that this contradiction between republic as“bulwark of freedom”and“backward barbarism”did not only represent a local issue,but also piqued Western curiosity,especially Rousseau’s one.Hence,it is fully legitimate to analyse his approach towards this Eastern European country and his conclusions that contradicted both the Western as well as the Polish common convictions that the region was something undesirable.Thus,the main purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the tensions between Rousseau and Polish Enlightenment thinkers such as M.Wielhorski or S.Leszczyński and,by clarifying them,to reveal a deeper ambiguity of the Enlightenment discourse concerning the interpretation of Eastern Europe as well as human nature.
基金supported financially by the National Program for Wild Life Conservation and Nature Reserve Construction,China,and by the Science & Technology Plan of Shenzhen,China (SYF 200646408).
文摘Singchia Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, a new orchid genus, is established based on the new species S. malipoensis Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen found in southeast Yunnan, China. The new genus is related to Pteroceras, from which it differs by having a lip with its basal margins immovably adnate to the lower part of the pendent column foot, a thin-walled spur, and very unequally and deeply split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle. In addition to a discussion on Ascocentrum pusillum, a species of questionable placement, another new genus, namely Gunnaria S. C. Chen ex Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is set up and a new combination, namely G. pusilla （Aver.） Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is made. The new genus Gunnaria differs from its allyAscocentrum by having a cross-shaped pollinarium, sulcate or split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle attached to a common linear stipe much longer than either pollinia or viscidium, and strongly incurved side lobes of the lip.
文摘What is the true sense of freedom？ Man is free and lacks freedom. The author considers the example of Louis XIV. It seemed that he held the sovereignty as the king of the absolute monarchy and the greatest freedom. But all his teeth were pulled out to protect him from illness and in his exercise as the king, he had many official obligations. Though he was king, he was free and lacked freedom. According to J. J. Rousseau （1762） who discussed the principle of freedom and oppression （deprivation）, if man realizes freedom, it needs to express his duty and subordination to the state. Therefore man is free and lacks freedom. What is the situation of contemporary citizens？ Instead of the oppression by the state, the citizen is controlled by the mass media. The best example is the drama observed about the prime ministers of Japan. There were many manipulations by the mass media. For our benefit we need to educate the persons who have good sense. We should remember that our freedom is not absolute. We are free and lack freedom, too. Often man searches freedom and comfort but often, on the contrary, he faces the lack of freedom. Electricity that is produced by a nuclear plant is useful, but the explosion of the nuclear plant creates a huge damage and tragedy, In a sense, deprivation is larger than freedom, because it could teach us self- awareness, moderation and let us know that we have enough.
