The concept of soul and consciousness was well established in ancient India.Western philosophy faces several problems in explaining consciousness.Consciousness and intelligence is the property of soul in Jainism.Jaini...The concept of soul and consciousness was well established in ancient India.Western philosophy faces several problems in explaining consciousness.Consciousness and intelligence is the property of soul in Jainism.Jainism is a comprehensive system describing the role of karma,relation between the soul,mind and the body,and the cognition processes.The paper describes the Jain system,examines the issues on consciousness in western philosophy and shows that these issues do not arise in the Jain scheme.展开更多
There is no manual on masculinity in early India and yet the idea of perfect man runs through Sanskrit,Pali,and Prakrit texts.That the Sanskrit traditions should construct an image of perfect man is understandable.The...There is no manual on masculinity in early India and yet the idea of perfect man runs through Sanskrit,Pali,and Prakrit texts.That the Sanskrit traditions should construct an image of perfect man is understandable.There is thrust on virility and procreation;procreation of a son who would inherit land and carry the lineage further.Strong and healthy men were needed to protect society and for the purpose of production.While this is understandable in a tradition that emphasizes life of a householder,one does find the concept of a complete man a little paradoxical in literature of monastic traditions that promote celibate existence for their monks.The monks were also kept away from both productive activities as well as from the responsibility of providing security to others.The focus was clearly on acquisition of knowledge and spiritual ascension.So what could push the construction of the notion of a perfect man?A closer exploration of Buddhist and Jain texts makes the complexity comprehensible as would be revealed by the study.展开更多
文摘The concept of soul and consciousness was well established in ancient India.Western philosophy faces several problems in explaining consciousness.Consciousness and intelligence is the property of soul in Jainism.Jainism is a comprehensive system describing the role of karma,relation between the soul,mind and the body,and the cognition processes.The paper describes the Jain system,examines the issues on consciousness in western philosophy and shows that these issues do not arise in the Jain scheme.
文摘There is no manual on masculinity in early India and yet the idea of perfect man runs through Sanskrit,Pali,and Prakrit texts.That the Sanskrit traditions should construct an image of perfect man is understandable.There is thrust on virility and procreation;procreation of a son who would inherit land and carry the lineage further.Strong and healthy men were needed to protect society and for the purpose of production.While this is understandable in a tradition that emphasizes life of a householder,one does find the concept of a complete man a little paradoxical in literature of monastic traditions that promote celibate existence for their monks.The monks were also kept away from both productive activities as well as from the responsibility of providing security to others.The focus was clearly on acquisition of knowledge and spiritual ascension.So what could push the construction of the notion of a perfect man?A closer exploration of Buddhist and Jain texts makes the complexity comprehensible as would be revealed by the study.