Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

Downregulation of MUC1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Inactivating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective To investigate the effect of mucin 1(MUC1)on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and its regulatory mechanism.Methods The 60 NPC and paired para-cancer normal tissues were collected from October 2020 to July 2021 in Quanzhou First Hospital.The expression of MUC1 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)in the patients with PNC.The 5-8F and HNE1 cells were transfected with siRNA control(si-control)or siRNA targeting MUC1(si-MUC1).Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis in the 5-8F and HNE1 cells.The qPCR and ELISA were executed to analyze the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.Western blot was performed to measure the expression of MUC1,NFкB and apoptosis-related proteins(Bax and Bcl-2).Results The expression of MUC1 was up-regulated in the NPC tissues,and NPC patients with the high MUC1 expression were inclined to EBV infection,growth and metastasis of NPC.Loss of MUC1 restrained malignant features,including the proliferation and apoptosis,downregulated the expression of p-IкB、p-P65 and Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax in the NPC cells.Conclusion Downregulation of MUC1 restrained biological characteristics of malignancy,including cell proliferation and apoptosis,by inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC.

Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function.Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers.These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Pachymic acid exerts antitumor activities by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B

Objective:To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell,Western blot,tube formation,and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation,metastasis,angiogenesis as well as autophagy.Subsequently,molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Moreover,PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid.Results:Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability,metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy.It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression.However,PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis,angiogenesis,and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a andβ-catenin in LUAD cells.Conclusions:Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis,and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

Exploring the effect of Bushen Bitong recipe-containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis based on SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect and possible mechanism of action of Bushen Bitong recipe(BSBT)containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:Generation 3 rat chondrocytes were randomized into Control,IL-1β,IL-1β+BSBT(L),IL-1β+BSBT(M),and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups(5%,10%and 15%BSBT-containing serum),and then 24h after intervention respectively,the cell proliferation and Apoptosis rate;Western blot detected the expression levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3,SOX9,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 proteins in chondrocytes.ELISA detected the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and bFGF in the supernatants of chondrocyte culture.Results:Compared with Control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,apoptosis rate increased,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level increased,and SOX9 protein level and bFGF level decreased in IL-1βgroup;compared with IL-1βgroup,different concentrations of BSBT-containing serum group,cell proliferation activity increased,and apoptosis rate decreased.NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level decreased,SOX9 protein level and bFGF level increased;compared with IL-1β+BSBT(L)group,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased in IL-1β+BSBT(M)and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups,and NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-αlevel decreased.13 protein levels and TNF-αand IL-6 levels decreased,and SOX9 protein levels and bFGF levels increased.Conclusion:BSBT-containing serum may promote IL-1β-induced proliferation of chondrocytes,reduce apoptosis,improve the microenvironment of chondrocytes,and promote cartilage repair through the SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

Yangyin Huowei mixture alleviates chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway

BACKGROUND The Chinese medicine Yangyin Huowei mixture(YYHWM)exhibits good clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG),but the mechanisms underlying its activity remain unclear.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effects of YYHWM and its underlying mechanisms in a CAG rat model.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control,model,vitacoenzyme,and low,medium,and high-dose YYHWM groups.CAG was induced in rats using Nmethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,ranitidine hydrochloride,hunger and satiety perturbation,and ethanol gavage.Following an 8-wk intervention period,stomach samples were taken,stained,and examined for histopathological changes.ELISA was utilized to quantify serum levels of PG-I,PG-II,G-17,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α.Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate protein expression of IL-10,JAK1,and STAT3.RESULTS The model group showed gastric mucosal layer disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration.Compared with the blank control group,serum levels of PGI,PGII,and G-17 in the model group were significantly reduced(82.41±3.53 vs 38.52±1.71,23.06±0.96 vs 11.06±0.70,and 493.09±12.17 vs 225.52±17.44,P<0.01 for all),whereas those of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αwere significantly increased(30.15±3.07 vs 80.98±4.47,69.05±12.72 vs 110.85±6.68,and 209.24±11.62 vs 313.37±36.77,P<0.01 for all),and the protein levels of IL-10,JAK1,and STAT3 were higher in gastric mucosal tissues(0.47±0.10 vs 1.11±0.09,0.49±0.05 vs 0.99±0.07,and 0.24±0.05 vs 1.04±0.14,P<0.01 for all).Compared with the model group,high-dose YYHWM treatment significantly improved the gastric mucosal tissue damage,increased the levels of PGI,PGII,and G-17(38.52±1.71 vs 50.41±3.53,11.06±0.70 vs 15.33±1.24,and 225.52±17.44 vs 329.22±29.11,P<0.01 for all),decreased the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(80.98±4.47 vs 61.56±4.02,110.85±6.68 vs 89.20±8.48,and 313.37±36.77 vs 267.30±9.31,P<0.01 for all),and evidently decreased the protein levels of IL-10 and STAT3 in gastric mucosal tissues(1.11±0.09 vs 0.19±0.07 and 1.04±0.14 vs 0.55±0.09,P<0.01 for both).CONCLUSION YYHWM reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway,alleviating gastric mucosal damage,and enhancing gastric secretory function,thereby ameliorating CAG development and cancer transformation.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

Oleanolic acid inhibits colon cancer cell stemness and reverses chemoresistance by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Background:Oleanolic acid(OA),a pentacyclic triterpenoid exhibiting specific anti-cancer properties and highly effective antioxidant activity,was isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Conversely,the OA that impacts colon cancer(CC)cells and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods:The cytotoxic effect of OA alone or OA-5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)combination on normal and CC cells was analyzed by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT).Then,the impact of OA on CC cell lines(LoVo and HT-29)proliferation and stemness were measured using colon formation and tumorsphere formation assays.Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct4),Prominin-1(CD133),Nanog,and transcription factor SOX-2(SOX2)are cell stemness-related indicators whose expression was assessed usingfluorescence qPCR assay,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.The effect of OA on the proliferative potency of CC cells was evaluated using an in vivo model.Results:The stem-like characteristics and clone production of colon cancer cells were markedly reduced by OA alone or in combination with OA-5-FU.Moreover,OA increases the susceptibility of CC cells to 5-FU by blocking the cell stemness-related markers(CD133,Nanog,SOX2,and Oct4)expression levels both in vitro and in vivo,as well as by inactivating the activator of transcription 3(STAT3 signaling)and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer(JAK2).Conclusion:Thesefindings imply that oleanolic acid,both in vitro and in vivo,suppresses the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which in turn reverses chemoresistance and decreases colon cancer cell stemness.Therefore,by reducing the recommended amount of 5-FU,this strategy may improve chemotherapeutic effectiveness and minimize undesired side effects.

X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),as severe complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality.AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU,focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste(XP)of wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods,XP combines various medicinal ingredients.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)identified XP’s main components.Using streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic,we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing.RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups.Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide(Andro)on cell viability,reactive oxygen species generation,apoptosis,proliferation,and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose(HG),while NF-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2)knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms.RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice,expediting the healing process.RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment.HPLC identified 21 primary XP components,with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding.Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation,metastasis,angiogenic injury,and inflammation inhibition.Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation,with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects.CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models.As XP’s key component,Andro activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhancing cell proliferation,tubule formation,and inflammation reduction.

静态磁场通过激活FGFR1/JAK2/STAT3信号通路促进皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖活性和迁移表型

目的:通过体外实验探讨静态磁场(SMF)对皮肤成纤维细胞增殖活性和迁移表型的调控作用与潜在机制。方法:将人皮肤成纤维细胞(HSFs)分为5组,包括对照组、SMF组、SMF+阿魏酸组、SMF+芦可替尼组、SMF+Stattic组。对照组为正常培养的HSFs;SMF组的HSFs细胞暴露于1mT的SMF中。其余三组分别将FGFR1、JAK2、STAT3的抑制剂(3μmoL/L阿魏酸、3nmoL/L芦可替尼、20μmoL/L的Stattic)与HSFs一起预培养,并暴露于1mT的SMF中,所有组均处理24h。用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)分析细胞的增殖活性。用ELISA试剂盒法检测人类B细胞淋巴瘤2相关X蛋白(BAX)的水平。用Western blot检测凋亡标志蛋白cleaved-caspase3及FGFR1、JAK2、STAT3、磷酸化的(p)-FGFR1、p-JAK2、p-STAT3的表达以及细胞迁移相关表型高迁移率组蛋白1(HMGB1)、波形蛋白(vimentin)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、MMP-2的表达。结果:与对照组比,SMF组的细胞增殖活性增加,BAX的水平减少,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平下调,p-FGFR1、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达水平均显著上调(均P<0.05)。与SMF组比,SMF+阿魏酸组的细胞增殖活性降低,BAX的水平增加,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平上调,而p-FGFR1、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达均显著下调(均P<0.05)。与SMF组比,SMF+芦可替尼组的细胞增殖活性降低,BAX的水平增加,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平上调,JAK2、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达水平均显著下调(均P<0.05)。与SMF组比,SMF+Stattic组的细胞增殖活性降低,BAX的水平增加,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平上调,STAT3、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达水平均显著下调(均P<0.05)。结论:SMF通过激活FGFR1/JAK2/STAT3信号通路促进皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖活性和迁移表型。

缺氧诱导因子-1α通过miR-126/JAK2-STAT3轴调控慢性肾病小鼠肾纤维化

目的:探究缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)通过miR-126/JAK2-STAT3轴促进慢性肾病小鼠肾纤维化的分子机制。方法:选取8周龄雄性C57/BL6小鼠,分为假手术组、模型组、HIF-1αmimic组、miR-126 mimic组、HIF-1α+miR mimic组、WP1066组、miR-126 mimic+WP1066组;用全自动生化仪检测小鼠肾24 h尿蛋白、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)水平,qRT-PCR检测肾组织内miR-126相对表达量,免疫印迹检测肾组织内HIF-α,肾纤维化关键蛋白fibronectin、collagen-Ⅰ、α-SMA,JAK2/STAT3信号通路关键蛋白表达;Masson染色分析小鼠肾病理形态及间质纤维化程度。结果:模型组模型建立后miR-126表达受到抑制,差异有统计学意义。与假手术组相比,模型组小鼠24 h尿蛋白、BUN、SCr水平均上调,肾组织肾小管、间质结构紊乱,肾纤维化明显,fibronectin、collagen-Ⅰ、α-SMA、p-JAK2、p-STAT3表达上调;HIF-1α过表达进一步上调24 h尿蛋白、BUN、SCr、fibronectin、collagen-Ⅰ、α-SMA、p-JAK2、p-STAT3表达;miR-126过表达下调24 h尿蛋白、BUN、SCr、fibronectin、collagen-Ⅰ、α-SMA、p-JAK2、p-STAT3表达;HIF-1α过表达可以逆转miR-126过表达抑制肾纤维化的趋势,差异有统计学意义。与模型组相比,JAK2/STAT3信号通路被阻断后,p-JAK2、p-STAT3、fibronectin、collagen-Ⅰ、α-SMA表达明显下调,miR-126的过表达可以进一步下调小鼠肾组织内p-JAK2、p-STAT3、fibronectin、collagen-Ⅰ、α-SMA表达,差异有统计学意义。结论:小鼠肾纤维化促进肾组织内HIF-1α高表达,HIF-1α通过抑制miR-126提升JAK2-STAT3信号通路活性,最终促进肾纤维化进展。

KHSRP高表达促进胃腺癌转移:JAK1/STAT3信号轴的介导作用

目的探究KHSRP通过JAK1/STAT3信号轴调控胃腺癌转移恶性进展及其潜在的分子机制。方法采用qRT-PCR检测胃腺癌细胞系(MKN-28、HGC-27、CRL-5822、SNU-1)及人正常胃黏膜细胞系(GES-1)中KHSRP的表达量。CCK-8、Transwell迁移/侵袭实验分别检测细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等生物学特征。采用Western blotting法检测稳定转染细胞中JAK/STAT、KHSRP蛋白的表达水平。将HGC-27、SNU-1注射至裸鼠体内,对裸鼠进行皮下荷瘤敲降组(5只/组)和过表达组(5只/组)和尾静脉注射模型实验敲降组(5只/组)和过表达组(5只/组),观察STAD细胞在裸鼠体内的生长情况。结果qRT-PCR结果显示,与人正常胃腺癌黏膜上皮细胞(GES-1)和组织相比,KHSRP在胃腺癌细胞系(MKN-28、HGC-27、CRL-5822、SNU-1)和肿瘤组织中的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。细胞功能实验显示,与sh-NC组相比,sh-KHSRP组HGC-27细胞抑制细胞增殖、细胞迁移、侵袭,Vector组SNU-1细胞促进细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭(P<0.05)。裸鼠实验中,与sh-NC组相比,sh-KHSRP组裸鼠肿瘤体积和质量、细胞增殖率和胃腺癌转移病灶数目明显减少(P<0.05);过表达结果相反(P<0.05)。信号通路实验显示,与sh-NC组相比,sh-KHSRP组JAK1、STAT3的表达量显著下调(P<0.05),过表达组结果相反(P<0.05)。结论KHSRP可通过JAK1/STAT3信号轴,促进胃腺癌转移的恶性进程。

LINC00626通过JAK1/STAT3/KHSRP信号轴调控结直肠癌转移的恶性进展

目的探究LINC00626通过JAK1/STAT3/KHSRP信号轴调控结直肠癌恶性进展及其潜在的分子机制。方法选取2021年6月11日至2023年6月11日在河南大学淮河医院确诊为结直肠癌的患者96例为研究对象,分别取患者的癌组织和癌旁正常组织。体外培养结直肠癌细胞系(SW620、HCT116、HT29、DLD-1、LOVO、Caco-2)和结直肠正常细胞(NCM460),qRT-PCR检测结直肠癌组织和细胞系中LINC00626、KHSRP的表达情况。筛选出慢病毒感染细胞系,SW620和HCT116细胞系分别转染敲降慢病毒及其对照,HT29和DLD-1细胞系分别转染过表达慢病毒及其对照。选取稳定转染的细胞系进行细胞功能实验,检测增殖、迁移、侵袭能力。小鼠活体动物实验检测LINC00626对结直肠癌肿瘤生长和迁移的影响。Western blot法检测稳染细胞中KHSRP蛋白的表达水平。拯救实验研究LINC00626与KHSRP的调控关系。结果qRT-PCR显示,在结直肠癌组织和细胞系中LINC00626低表达,而KHSRP高表达。细胞功能实验显示,与sh-NC组相比,sh-LINC00626组在SW620和HCT116细胞促进细胞增殖、细胞迁移、侵袭,过表达组则反之。细胞拯救实验显示,LINC00626+KHSRP可显著逆转敲降LINC00626对细胞增殖、细胞迁移、侵袭的促进作用。裸鼠实验中,与sh-NC组相比,sh-LINC00626组裸鼠肿瘤体积和重量、细胞增殖率和结直肠癌肺转移病灶数目明显增加;过表达结果相反。信号通路实验显示,与sh-NC组相比,sh-LINC00626组JAK1、STAT3mRNA的表达量显著上调,过表达组结果相反。结论LINC00626通过JAK1/STAT3/KHSRP信号轴,抑制结直肠癌转移的恶性进程。

黄芩苷对慢性萎缩性胃炎小鼠JAK1、STAT3表达的影响

【目的】通过网络药理学和动物实验探讨黄芩苷对慢性萎缩性胃炎小鼠胃黏膜的修复机制。【方法】(1)应用网络药理学预测分析黄芩苷治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的潜在关键靶点。(2)动物实验:将40只C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、维酶素组、黄芩苷组,每组10只。除正常组,其他3组小鼠采用N-甲基-N’-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)灌胃结合饥饱失常法构建慢性萎缩性胃炎模型。给药结束后,采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察胃黏膜组织病理变化,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中胃泌素(GAS)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平变化,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法和蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测胃黏膜组织中Janus酪氨酸激酶1(JAK1)、信号转导和转录激活子3(STAT3)的mRNA与蛋白表达水平。【结果】网络药理学结果显示,黄芩苷与核心靶点JAK1、STAT3可自发结合。动物实验结果显示:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠胃黏膜组织发生萎缩,腺体排列紊乱,存在大量淋巴细胞,胃黏膜细胞凋亡指数显著升高(P<0.05),血清中GAS与PGE2水平显著降低(P<0.05),胃黏膜组织中JAK1、STAT3的mRNA与蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,维酶素组与黄芩苷组小鼠胃黏膜病变减轻,腺体排列相对整齐,结构较完整,胃黏膜细胞凋亡指数显著降低(P<0.05),血清中GAS与PGE2水平显著升高(P<0.05),胃黏膜组织中JAK1、STAT3的mRNA与蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);黄芩苷组上述各指标与维酶素组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】黄芩苷可有效修复慢性萎缩性胃炎小鼠胃黏膜病变,其机制可能与下调JAK1、STAT3的mRNA及蛋白表达有关。

基于JAK1/STAT5信号通路探讨肤痒静凝胶治疗慢性湿疹作用机制

目的:探讨肤痒静凝胶对慢性湿疹大鼠模型蛋白酪氨酸激酶1(janus protein kinase 1,JAK1)/信号转导与转录激活子5(signal transducerand activator of transcription 5,STAT5)信号通路调控作用的分子机制。方法:将36只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、青鹏软膏组(2500 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、肤痒静凝胶低(0.08 g/g)、中(0.16 g/g)、高(0.32 g/g)剂量组。除正常组外,其余组大鼠均采用2,4-二硝基氯苯丙酮液背部诱导慢性湿疹样病变。造模3周后青鹏软膏组及肤痒静凝胶低、中、高剂量组分别涂抹相应药物治疗;模型组涂抹空白凝胶基质,每日1次,共2周,正常组不做处理。观察慢性湿疹大鼠背部皮损的严重程度和病理变化;Western blot法检测大鼠背部皮肤组织中磷酸化蛋白酪氨酸激酶1(p-JAK1)和磷酸化信号转导与转录激活子5(p-STAT5)蛋白表达;qRT-PCR法检测大鼠背部皮肤组织中胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(thymic stromallymphopietin,TSLP)、JAK1、STAT5、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和IL-17 mRNA表达水平;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定大鼠血清中IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-13和IL-17水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清中IL-4、IL-6、IL-13和IL-17水平明显升高,IL-10水平明显降低(P<0.05),背部皮损组织中p-JAK1、p-STAT5蛋白和TSLP、JAK1、STAT5、IL-17 mRNA表达水平明显升高,IL-10 mRNA水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,青鹏软膏组、肤痒静凝胶低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清中IL-4、IL-6、IL-13和IL-17水平明显降低,IL-10水平明显升高(P<0.05),背部皮损组织中p-JAK1、p-STAT5蛋白和TSLP、JAK1、STAT5、IL-17 mRNA表达水平明显降低,IL-10 mRNA水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与肤痒静凝胶低、中剂量组比较,青鹏软膏组大鼠血清中IL-4、IL-6、IL-13和IL-17水平明显降低,IL-10水平明显升高(P<0.05),背部皮损组织中p-JAK1、p-STAT5蛋白和TSLP、JAK1、STAT5、IL-17 mRNA表达水平明显降低,IL-10 mRNA水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与青鹏软膏组比较,肤痒静凝胶高剂量组大鼠血清中IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-13和IL-17水平无明显差异(P>0.05),背部皮损组织中p-JAK1、p-STAT5蛋白和TSLP、JAK1、STAT5、IL-10、IL-17 mRNA表达水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:肤痒静凝胶可能通过调控JAK1/STAT5信号通路相关炎症因子、蛋白和基因的表达发挥治疗慢性湿疹的作用。

熊果酸通过JAK1/STAT3缓解脂多糖诱导的BALB/c小鼠炎症反应

旨在通过脂多糖(LPS)建立RAW264.7细胞与BALB/c小鼠炎症模型进行体内外试验,探讨熊果酸对LPS诱导炎症的保护作用。体外采用MTT法测定熊果酸和LPS对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响,中性红测试熊果酸对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞吞噬能力的影响,Griess法测定NO释放水平;荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)测定JAK激酶1(JAK1)/信号转导子和转录激活子3(STAT3)信号通路和炎症因子mRNA表达水平。BALB/c小鼠灌胃熊果酸分为25 mg/kg的低剂量组(UA-L)、50 mg/kg的中剂量组(UA-M)和100 mg/kg的高剂量组(UA-H),每只小鼠200μL/d,灌胃7 d,腹腔注射LPS诱导炎症反应后采集脾脏,计算脾脏指数,使用流式细胞术测定脾脏T细胞分化和Th17/Treg平衡,RT-qPCR方法验证α肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1、JAK1和STAT3的mRNA表达水平。结果:熊果酸在12.5μg/mL范围内对细胞活力无影响(P>0.05),LPS浓度为1μg/mL时,细胞存活率为54.55%;LPS刺激后RAW264.7细胞吞噬能力显著下降(P<0.05),NO释放水平显著上升(P<0.05);熊果酸干预后,细胞吞噬能力呈剂量依赖式上升,NO释放水平下降。RT-qPCR结果表明,RAW264.7细胞经LPS刺激后,一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α、JAK1和STAT3的mRNA表达水平均显著上升(P<0.05);熊果酸干预后,上述因子mRNA表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。体内试验结果表明,腹腔注射LPS后,小鼠脾脏指数显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)和Th17/Treg细胞出现失衡;不同剂量熊果酸干预后脾脏指数均显著降低(P<0.05),对小鼠CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)细胞分化具有明显促进作用,同时改善Th17/Treg失衡;腹腔注射LPS的小鼠脾脏IL-1、TNF-α、JAK1和STAT3的mRNA表达水平均显著上升(P<0.05),提前饲喂熊果酸能改善这一情况。综上,熊果酸通过调节炎症因子、改善T细胞分化失衡,从而降低由LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞和小鼠的炎症反应。

基于IL-6介导的JAK1/STAT3信号通路探讨竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸对COPD大鼠的改善作用

目的探讨竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠IL-6介导JAK1/STAT3信号通路的调控作用。方法将48只大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,中药低、中、高剂量组(5、10、15 g/kg竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸)及中药低、中、高剂量(5、10、15 g/kg竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸)+伊他替尼(30 mg/kg)组,每组8只。采用气道滴注脂多糖(LPS)联合烟熏方法建立COPD模型,造模28 d后给药干预。给药2周后,采用肺功能检测仪测定肺功能指标[吸气峰流速(PIF)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、分钟通气量(MV)],HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,RT-qPCR、免疫印迹分析和免疫组化法检测肺组织IL-6、JAK1、STAT3、SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,中药各剂量组PIF、PEF、MV增加(P<0.05),肺组织炎症细胞浸润和充血水肿减轻,肺大泡减少,肺泡腔的破坏、扩张和融合得到缓解,IL-6、JAK1、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);给予伊他替尼干预后,中药各剂量组的作用均被逆转(P<0.05)。结论竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸可下调IL-6介导的JAK/STAT信号通路过度表达和持续活化,并抑制IL-6表达,减轻气道炎症,抑制COPD症状。