[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid（JA）on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,a...[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid（JA）on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance and the gene expression patterns.[Method] Three powdery mildew susceptible cultivars of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂ typically representing different phenotypes in the field were employed.The powdery mildew was assessed by detached leaf assay,and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of 9 disease resistance related genes of PR1（PR1.1）,PR2（β,1-3 glucanase）,PR3（chitinase）,PR4（wheatwin1）,PR5（thaumatin-like protein）,PR9（TaPERO,peroxidase）,PR10,TaGLP2a（germin-like）and Ta-JA2（jasmonate-induced protein）in leaf of the three cultivars.[Result] MeJA application enhanced the powdery mildew resistances of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂.The induced powdery mildew resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA treatment,and the peak value was at 24 h.Though there were differences between the three cultivars,MeJA significantly effect on the expressions of the 8 disease resistance related genes except TaGLP2a,and the peak values were at 12 h,24 h or 48 h after treatments.The strongest activation of MeJA was on PR9 and PR1 that their expressions could reach more than 100 times of the untreated samples.MeJA strongly activated PR2、PR4、PR5、PR3、PR10 and Ta-JA2,their expression could reach 10 to 70 times,and there was almost no activation effect on TaGLP2a.The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the 8 disease related genes.[Conclusion] The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the disease related genes.Jasmonate signalling plays a role in defence against Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici.and future manipulation of this pathway may improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat.展开更多
9月4日，在日本农林水产省 （Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries）的农业和林产品标准委员会（Council for Agricultural and Forest Products Standards）上，日本农业标准（JAS）批准了交叉层压木材（CLT）草案。农林...9月4日，在日本农林水产省 （Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries）的农业和林产品标准委员会（Council for Agricultural and Forest Products Standards）上，日本农业标准（JAS）批准了交叉层压木材（CLT）草案。农林水产省审查之后不久，交叉层压木材（CLT）的日本农业标准（JAS）将要颁布。结果，建造使用交叉层压木材（CLT）的木制建筑可没有任何特别的限制。此外，委员会批准的胶合板的JAS标准修订草案，其中精选结构胶合板有新规范。展开更多
Bt corn is one of the top three large-scale commercialized transgenic crops around the world. It is increasingly clear that the complementary durable approaches for pest control, which combine the endogenous defense o...Bt corn is one of the top three large-scale commercialized transgenic crops around the world. It is increasingly clear that the complementary durable approaches for pest control, which combine the endogenous defense of the crop with the introduced foreign genes, are promising alternative strategies for pest resistance management and the next generation of insect-resistant transgenic crops. In the present study, we tested the inducible effects of exogenous jasmonic acid （JA） on direct-defense chemical content, Bt protein concentration, and related gene expression in the leaves of Bt corn cultivar 34B24 and non-Bt cultivar 34B23 by chemical analysis, ELISA, and RT-PCR. The results show that the expression of LOX, PR-2a, MPI, and PR-I genes in the treated leaf （the first leaf） was promoted by exogenous JA both in 34B24 and 34B23. As compared with the control, the concentration of DIMBOA in the treated leaf was significantly increased by 63 and 18% for 34B24 and 34B23, respectively. The total phenolic acid was also increased by 24 and 12% for both 34B24 and 34B23. The Bt protein content of 34B24 in the treated leaf was increased by 13% but decreased significantly by 27% in the second leaf. The induced response of 34B24 was in a systemic way and was much stronger than that of 34B23. Those findings indicated that there is a synergistic interaction between Bt gene and internally induced chemical defense system triggered by externally applied JA in Bt corn.展开更多
Jasmonic acid(JA)plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores.One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA,which is produced by two independent pathways:direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced ...Jasmonic acid(JA)plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores.One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA,which is produced by two independent pathways:direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases(JOXs)or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant-herbivore interactions remains largely unknown.In this study,we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation.Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%,but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45%and 30%,respectively,compared to those in control plants.Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA,hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OHJA accumulation:in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants,12-OH-JA decreased 34%.Moreover,VIGSNaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura.The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants.When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JAIle-deficient irJAR4/6 background,the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished,demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels.Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels,we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops.展开更多
The phytochrome B mediated light signaling integrates with various phytohormone signalings to control plant immune response.However,it is still unclear whether phyB-mediated light signaling has an effect on the biosyn...The phytochrome B mediated light signaling integrates with various phytohormone signalings to control plant immune response.However,it is still unclear whether phyB-mediated light signaling has an effect on the biosynthesis of jasmonate during plant defense response against Botrytis cinerea.In this study,we demonstrated that phyB-mediated light signaling has a role in this process.Initially,we confirmed that phyb plants were obviously less resistant to B.cinerea while phyB overexpressing plants showed significantly enhanced resistance.We also found that the expression of numerous JA biosynthesis genes was promoted upon treatment with red or white light when compared to that of darkness,and that this promotion is dependent on phyB.Consistent with the gene expression results,phyb plants accumulated reduced pool of JA-lle,indicating that phyB-mediated light signaling indeed increased JA biosynthesis.Further genetic analysis showed that light-mediated JAZ9 degradation and phyB-enhanced resistance were dependent on the receptor COI1,and that pifl/3/4/5(pi/q)can largely rescue the severe symptom of phyb.Taken together,our study demonstrates that phyB may participate in plant defense against B.cinerea through the modulation of the biosynthesis of JA.展开更多
基金Supported by The Key Project of Science and Technology of HenanProvince(102102110040)Innovation Scientists and the Innovation Fund for Outstanding Scholars of Henan Province(104200510013)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid（JA）on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance and the gene expression patterns.[Method] Three powdery mildew susceptible cultivars of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂ typically representing different phenotypes in the field were employed.The powdery mildew was assessed by detached leaf assay,and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of 9 disease resistance related genes of PR1（PR1.1）,PR2（β,1-3 glucanase）,PR3（chitinase）,PR4（wheatwin1）,PR5（thaumatin-like protein）,PR9（TaPERO,peroxidase）,PR10,TaGLP2a（germin-like）and Ta-JA2（jasmonate-induced protein）in leaf of the three cultivars.[Result] MeJA application enhanced the powdery mildew resistances of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂.The induced powdery mildew resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA treatment,and the peak value was at 24 h.Though there were differences between the three cultivars,MeJA significantly effect on the expressions of the 8 disease resistance related genes except TaGLP2a,and the peak values were at 12 h,24 h or 48 h after treatments.The strongest activation of MeJA was on PR9 and PR1 that their expressions could reach more than 100 times of the untreated samples.MeJA strongly activated PR2、PR4、PR5、PR3、PR10 and Ta-JA2,their expression could reach 10 to 70 times,and there was almost no activation effect on TaGLP2a.The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the 8 disease related genes.[Conclusion] The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the disease related genes.Jasmonate signalling plays a role in defence against Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici.and future manipulation of this pathway may improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
文摘9月4日，在日本农林水产省 （Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries）的农业和林产品标准委员会（Council for Agricultural and Forest Products Standards）上，日本农业标准（JAS）批准了交叉层压木材（CLT）草案。农林水产省审查之后不久，交叉层压木材（CLT）的日本农业标准（JAS）将要颁布。结果，建造使用交叉层压木材（CLT）的木制建筑可没有任何特别的限制。此外，委员会批准的胶合板的JAS标准修订草案，其中精选结构胶合板有新规范。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30470335,30770402)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(E039254,06025813).
文摘Bt corn is one of the top three large-scale commercialized transgenic crops around the world. It is increasingly clear that the complementary durable approaches for pest control, which combine the endogenous defense of the crop with the introduced foreign genes, are promising alternative strategies for pest resistance management and the next generation of insect-resistant transgenic crops. In the present study, we tested the inducible effects of exogenous jasmonic acid （JA） on direct-defense chemical content, Bt protein concentration, and related gene expression in the leaves of Bt corn cultivar 34B24 and non-Bt cultivar 34B23 by chemical analysis, ELISA, and RT-PCR. The results show that the expression of LOX, PR-2a, MPI, and PR-I genes in the treated leaf （the first leaf） was promoted by exogenous JA both in 34B24 and 34B23. As compared with the control, the concentration of DIMBOA in the treated leaf was significantly increased by 63 and 18% for 34B24 and 34B23, respectively. The total phenolic acid was also increased by 24 and 12% for both 34B24 and 34B23. The Bt protein content of 34B24 in the treated leaf was increased by 13% but decreased significantly by 27% in the second leaf. The induced response of 34B24 was in a systemic way and was much stronger than that of 34B23. Those findings indicated that there is a synergistic interaction between Bt gene and internally induced chemical defense system triggered by externally applied JA in Bt corn.
基金supported by the Key Project of Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan(2017FA015)the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province(no. 2017HB063)+1 种基金the Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences(2018530000241002 and 2019530000241003)the Biotechnology Experimental Center at the Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS,for supporting plant cultivation.
文摘Jasmonic acid(JA)plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores.One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA,which is produced by two independent pathways:direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases(JOXs)or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant-herbivore interactions remains largely unknown.In this study,we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation.Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%,but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45%and 30%,respectively,compared to those in control plants.Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA,hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OHJA accumulation:in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants,12-OH-JA decreased 34%.Moreover,VIGSNaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura.The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants.When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JAIle-deficient irJAR4/6 background,the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished,demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels.Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels,we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31671275)National key R&D plan(2016YFD0101006)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(2019FA010).
文摘The phytochrome B mediated light signaling integrates with various phytohormone signalings to control plant immune response.However,it is still unclear whether phyB-mediated light signaling has an effect on the biosynthesis of jasmonate during plant defense response against Botrytis cinerea.In this study,we demonstrated that phyB-mediated light signaling has a role in this process.Initially,we confirmed that phyb plants were obviously less resistant to B.cinerea while phyB overexpressing plants showed significantly enhanced resistance.We also found that the expression of numerous JA biosynthesis genes was promoted upon treatment with red or white light when compared to that of darkness,and that this promotion is dependent on phyB.Consistent with the gene expression results,phyb plants accumulated reduced pool of JA-lle,indicating that phyB-mediated light signaling indeed increased JA biosynthesis.Further genetic analysis showed that light-mediated JAZ9 degradation and phyB-enhanced resistance were dependent on the receptor COI1,and that pifl/3/4/5(pi/q)can largely rescue the severe symptom of phyb.Taken together,our study demonstrates that phyB may participate in plant defense against B.cinerea through the modulation of the biosynthesis of JA.
