Introduction:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIM)also known as myositis,is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects muscles,skin,joints and lung.One of the most common autoantibodies with a prevalence of 25‐35%,...Introduction:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIM)also known as myositis,is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects muscles,skin,joints and lung.One of the most common autoantibodies with a prevalence of 25‐35%,is the anti‐Jo‐1 autoantibodies,targeting the histidyl‐transfer RNA synthetase(HisRS).These autoantibodies are strongly associated with a distinct clinical phenotype called anti‐synthetase syndrome(ASyS)that includes interstitial lung disease(ILD),myositis,arthritis and Raynaud’s phenomenon.The mechanism of how autoantibodies are produced and how they contribute to disease pathogenesis is unclear.Areas Covered:In this review we will discuss the clinical manifestations associated with Jo‐1 autoantibodies,and the association with clinical features.Moreover,we will also review the molecular characteristics of the antibodies and how they affect the cells of the immune system in order to understand possible disease mechanisms.展开更多
This paper presents the results of our experiments to assess average labor quality and labor force utilization in different regions of China using slack-based inefficiency measurement （SBI）. We found that there is a...This paper presents the results of our experiments to assess average labor quality and labor force utilization in different regions of China using slack-based inefficiency measurement （SBI）. We found that there is a discrepancy between different regions＇ labor resources and their stages＇ of economic development. In central and western regions, the average quality of labor is significantly higher than in eastern regions, but labor force utilization is less efficient. Slow in economic growth and laggard in industrial upgrading, central and western regions have failed to provide their high-quality labor forces with adequate and suitable job opportunities, leading to the discrepancy between labor resource quality and economic development. Resolving this discrepancy might help coordinate economic development across different regions in China.展开更多
文摘Introduction:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIM)also known as myositis,is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects muscles,skin,joints and lung.One of the most common autoantibodies with a prevalence of 25‐35%,is the anti‐Jo‐1 autoantibodies,targeting the histidyl‐transfer RNA synthetase(HisRS).These autoantibodies are strongly associated with a distinct clinical phenotype called anti‐synthetase syndrome(ASyS)that includes interstitial lung disease(ILD),myositis,arthritis and Raynaud’s phenomenon.The mechanism of how autoantibodies are produced and how they contribute to disease pathogenesis is unclear.Areas Covered:In this review we will discuss the clinical manifestations associated with Jo‐1 autoantibodies,and the association with clinical features.Moreover,we will also review the molecular characteristics of the antibodies and how they affect the cells of the immune system in order to understand possible disease mechanisms.
文摘This paper presents the results of our experiments to assess average labor quality and labor force utilization in different regions of China using slack-based inefficiency measurement （SBI）. We found that there is a discrepancy between different regions＇ labor resources and their stages＇ of economic development. In central and western regions, the average quality of labor is significantly higher than in eastern regions, but labor force utilization is less efficient. Slow in economic growth and laggard in industrial upgrading, central and western regions have failed to provide their high-quality labor forces with adequate and suitable job opportunities, leading to the discrepancy between labor resource quality and economic development. Resolving this discrepancy might help coordinate economic development across different regions in China.
