A combination algorithm of Chaos optimization and genetic algorithm and its application in maneuvering multiple targets data association

The most important problem in targets tracking is data association which may be represented as a sort of constraint combinational optimization problem. Chaos optimization and adaptive genetic algorithm were used to deal with the problem of multi-targets data association separately. Based on the analysis of the limitation of chaos optimization and genetic algorithm, a new chaos genetic optimization combination algorithm was presented. This new algorithm first applied the "rough" search of chaos optimization to initialize the population of GA, then optimized the population by real-coded adaptive GA. In this way, GA can not only jump out of the "trap" of local optimal results easily but also increase the rate of convergence. And the new method can also avoid the complexity and time-consumed limitation of conventional way. The simulation results show that the combination algorithm can obtain higher correct association percent and the effect of association is obviously superior to chaos optimization or genetic algorithm separately. This method has better convergence property as well as time property than the conventional ones.

Rough Sets Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm and its Application in Multi-target Tracking

A rough set probabilistic data association(RS-PDA)algorithm is proposed for reducing the complexity and time consumption of data association and enhancing the accuracy of tracking results in multi-target tracking application.In this new algorithm,the measurements lying in the intersection of two or more validation regions are allocated to the corresponding targets through rough set theory,and the multi-target tracking problem is transformed into a single target tracking after the classification of measurements lying in the intersection region.Several typical multi-target tracking applications are given.The simulation results show that the algorithm can not only reduce the complexity and time consumption but also enhance the accuracy and stability of the tracking results.

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.

Asynchronous Data Fusion of Two Different Sensors

An algorithm is presented for fusion of tracks created by radar and IR sensor which have different dimensional measurement data. It’s assumed that these sensors are asynchronous and the measurement data are transmitted to a central station at different rates. By means of the technique of time matching, two sets of asynchronous data are fused and then the filter is updated according to the fused information. The results show that the accuracy of the filter effect has been improved.

杂波环境下基于最大熵模糊聚类的JPDA算法

针对杂波环境下的多目标跟踪数据关联存在跟踪精度低、实时性差的问题,提出了一种基于最大熵模糊聚类的联合概率数据关联算法(joint probabilistic data association algorithm based on maximum entropy fuzzy clustering,MEFC-JPDA)。首先,采用最大熵模糊聚类求得的隶属度初步表征目标与有效量测之间的关联概率。其次,采用基于目标距离的量测修正因子对关联概率进行调整,并建立关联概率矩阵。最后,结合卡尔曼滤波算法,对目标的状态进行加权更新。仿真结果表明,所提算法在杂波环境下的跟踪性能相比现有的两种关联算法有较大提升,是一种有效的多目标跟踪数据关联算法。

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPROVEMENT OF TRACK LOSS IN CLUTTER WITH MULTISENSOR DATA FUSION

The paper analyses the improvement of track loss in clutter with multisensor data fusion.By a determination of the transition probability density function for the fusion prediction error, one can study the mechanism of track loss analytically. With nearest-neighbor association algorithm. The paper we studies the fused tracking performance parameters, such as mean time to lose fused track and the cumulative probability of lost fused track versus the normalized clutter density, for track continuation and track initiation, respectively. A comparison of the results obtained with the case of a single sensor is presented. These results show that the fused tracks of multisensor reduce the possibility of track loss and improve the tracking performance. The analysis is of great importance for further understanding the action of data fusion.

Posterior Cramer-Rao lower bounds for multitarget bearings-only tracking

Usually, only the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） of single target is taken into consideration in the state estimate of passive tracking systems. As for the case of multitarget, there are few works done due to its complexity. The recursion formula of the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound （PCRLB） in multitarget bearings-only tracking with the three kinds of data association is presented. Meanwhile, computer simulation is carried out for data association. The final result shows that the accuracy probability of data association has an important impact on the PCRLB.

STOCHASTIC NEURAL NETWORK AND ITS APPLICATION TO MULTI－MANEUVERING TARGET TRACKING

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Track Association for Dynamic Target Tracking System Based on AP Algorithm

Track association of multi-target has been recognized as one of the key technologies in distributed multiple-sensor data fusion system,and its accuracy directly impacts on the performance of the whole tracking system.A multi-sensor data association is proposed based on aftinity propagation(AP)algorithm.The proposed method needs an initial similarity,a distance between any two points,as a parameter,therefore,the similarity matrix is calculated by track position,velocity and azimuth of track data.The approach can automatically obtain the optimal classification of uncertain target based on clustering validity index.Furthermore,the same kind of data are fused based on the variance of measured data and the fusion result can be taken as a new measured data of the target.Finally,the measured data are classified to a certain target based on the nearest neighbor ideas and its characteristics,then filtering and target tracking are conducted.The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively achieve multi-sensor and multi-target track association.

MULTISENSOR DISTRIBUTED EXTENDED KALMAN FILTERING ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION TO RADAR/IR TARGET TRACKING

A multisensor distributed extended Kalman filtering algorithm is presented for nonlinear system, in which the dynamic equation of the system and the equations of sensor’s measurements are linearized in the global estimate and global prediction respectively and the suboptimal global estimate based on all available information can be reconstructed from the estimates computed by local sensors based solely on their own local information and transmitted to the data fusion center. An analysis of the properties of the algorithm presented here shows that the global estimate has higher precision than the local one and smaller linearization error than the existing method. Finally, an application of the algorithm to radar/IR tracking of a maneuvering target is illustrated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.

面向目标跟踪的多传感器数据融合研究综述

随着现代目标跟踪场景的日益复杂化,单一传感器探测系统已无法满足目标跟踪的实际需求,多传感器数据融合技术成为复杂场景下目标跟踪问题的重要解决方案。本文综述了多传感器数据融合中的数据关联和估计融合这两项关键过程的基本原理与研究现状,整理了神经网络、强化学习等人工智能技术在多传感器数据融合领域应用的相关研究,并对多传感器数据融合方法在目标跟踪领域的发展进行了展望。

混合动力汽车转向稳定性多传感器融合控制技术

为了满足汽车行驶稳定性要求,当前依托于单一传感信息进行转向控制,容易忽略很多影响因素,使得控制后汽车转向质心侧偏角依旧较大。因此,混合动力汽车提出转向稳定性多传感器融合控制技术。考虑混合动力汽车转向过程中的动态特性,构建转向动力学模型,并计算出车辆理想横摆角速度。深入分析横摆角速度、滑移率对车辆转向稳定性的影响,得出期望的横摆力矩和滑移率调整力矩。将汽车转向稳定性控制问题看作二次规划问题,结合BP神经网络和常规PID控制器,设计转向稳定性控制算法,利用车辆转向参数的理想值、实际值和偏差值推算出稳定性控制参数。结合融合多传感器实时采集信息,推算出汽车转向姿态误差代入控制结构中,给出优化后的控制参数。实验结果表明:新提出的控制技术应用后,车辆转向的质心侧偏角不超过±0.012 rad/s,满足了混合动力汽车转向行驶要求。

基于动态估计反馈的灰色理论航迹关联算法

针对传统基于灰色理论航迹关联算法未充分利用航迹历史信息,在密集目标以及时变噪声协方差等场景下关联正确率下降问题,在传统灰色分析法基础上增加了一种动态估计反馈机制。改进后的算法引入了Sage-Husa估计器来实时估计传感器的噪声协方差作为评估输出数据质量的依据,并使用Critic赋权法将实时噪声协方差转换为各时刻序贯权重,从而保证最大程度上的利用航迹历史信息。仿真证明,在密集目标与时变噪声协方差等特殊关联场景下,所提算法明显优于传统灰色分析法以及模糊法、加权法等经典算法,充分证明了所提算法的性能优越性以及鲁棒性。

基于协同滤波轨迹预测的机动目标RTPN拦截制导律

针对当前空中威胁目标拦截的实际需求,结合拦截器本身的机动能力,基于全覆盖协同策略,提出一种协同探测的现实真比例导引律(RTPN)制导拦截方法。所提方法解决了传统RTPN方法未考虑拦截器饱和过载限制及对任意机动目标捕获区域的确定问题。此外,针对拦截过程中对目标运动轨迹测量误差及协同探测数据丢包所引起的数据融合精度和鲁棒性问题,提出一种分布式协同滤波算法;针对数据传输和拦截器本身动力学响应延迟等问题,提出一种航迹预测算法。仿真结果验证所提方法能够有效解决饱和过载下的捕获区域确定及动力学延迟问题,及协同探测数据融合中数据丢包所引起的鲁棒性和精度问题。

基于AIMM-PF的多机动目标协同跟踪

针对常规线性卡尔曼滤波越来越不能满足多机动目标跟踪精度需求的问题,提出一种基于自适应多模型粒子滤波的协同跟踪方法.首先,主车和协同车分别执行自适应交互式多模型粒子滤波(adaptive interactive multi model particle filter,AIMM-PF)算法,获得环境中目标车辆的运动状态;其次,协同车通过车车通信将跟踪到的目标状态发送给主车;最后,利用基于匈牙利算法和快速协方差交叉算法的数据关联和数据融合技术实现多机动目标的协同跟踪.搭建了V2V通信、雷达和定位仿真系统,选定两辆智能车作为主车和协同车,感知并跟踪200 m范围内的7辆目标车,进行了仿真试验.结果表明,与传统的单车跟踪相比,协同跟踪扩大了感知范围,且在不影响跟踪效率的情况下使跟踪误差降低了31.1%.

基于辐射源信号特征信息的JPDA无源跟踪算法

提出一种基于信号特征信息的改进联合概率数据互联算法,该算法不仅利用目标状态空间信息同时利用了目标特征信息计算互联概率。在航迹交叉和近距离情况下,传统算法出现目标航迹丢失,而改进算法可正常工作。通过计算机仿真证明了改进算法的有效性。

基于高斯粒子JPDA滤波的多目标跟踪算法

在多目标跟踪中,由于观测的不确定性带来数据关联问题,并且,多目标状态空间尺寸的增长带来了维数增大问题,该文提出了一种新的高斯粒子联合概率数据关联滤波算法(GP-JPDAF),在JPDA框架中引入高斯粒子滤波(GPF)的思想,通过高斯粒子而不是高斯量,来近似目标与观测的边缘关联概率,利用GPF计算目标状态的预测及更新分布。将其应用于被动多传感器多目标跟踪,仿真结果表明该算法比MC-JPDAF具有更好的跟踪性能。

一种避免航迹聚集的改进的JPDA方法

提出了使用分类信息来改进传统的JPDA方法,在数据关联过程中综合使用了目标的运动学信息和目标的分类信息,提高了在跟踪波门内目标正确关联的概率,有效避免了航迹聚集现象.理论分析和仿真结果表明,尤其当多个临近目标的属性信息差别明显时,有目标分类信息辅助的JPDA方法可以显著提高跟踪波门内目标的正确关联概率,降低波门内其他目标/杂波的关联概率,使得被跟踪目标的信息更新以正确目标的信息为主.仿真结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性.

JPDA中联合事件概率的计算

文章讨论了多目标跟踪中广泛采用的联合概率数据关联方法的缺陷和数学上的不严格性,给出了该算法中新的联合事件概率计算方法,并给出两者计算对比实例。

多源传感器箱粒子LMB滤波算法

随着复杂跟踪场景的大量涌现,常规多源传感器多目标跟踪算法存在计算量大、跟踪精度低、无法估计目标航迹等不足,已无法满足现代战争的需求。笔者以主动传感器和被动传感器组成的多源传感器系统为背景,重点研究多源传感器多目标跟踪问题的实现算法。针对“多主动+多被动”多源传感器系统量测无法充分融合且整体算法计算复杂度较高的问题,提出一种多源传感器箱粒子标签多伯努利(MS-BPF-LMB)滤波算法。首先,对传感器依据不同主动传感器进行分组,即将所有传感器划分为若干“单主动+多被动”传感器组;然后,通过并行运算,对各传感器组运用基于角度关联的多传感器信息融合算法,得到跟踪所需的有效量测;最后,在跟踪滤波阶段,通过引入箱粒子滤波数值计算方法,将获取的量测点划分为若干箱粒子,并对箱粒子滤波下的多传感器量测更新系数进行重新定义,以较低的计算复杂度实现LMB(Labeled multi-Bernoulli,LMB)滤波。仿真结果表明,所提算法在保证跟踪精度的前提下,误差明显降低且算法复杂度下降约40%,能够有效处理异构数据多源信息融合问题。