Experimental Study on the Influence of Cognition and Emotion on Moral Judgment of College Students in Dilemma Situation

Objective:To study the influence of cognition and emotion on moral judgment of college students under the circumstance of whether the cognitive resources are occupied and whether the emotion is induced.Methods:This experiment uses a multi-factor mixed experiment method to divide experiments and groups.Experiment 1 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(cognitive resource occupancy group,cognitive resource non-occupied group)×3(difficult situation type).Experiment 2 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(emotion induction group,emotion induction and cognitive resource occupation group)×3(three types of dilemma situation types)is adopted.The dependent variable of this experiment(including Experiment 1 and Experiment 2)is the judgment response time and the judgment result is“Yes”(F)or“No”(J).Results:(1)The reaction time of the cognitive resource occupancy group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the cognitive resource occupancy group in the three types of dilemma situations of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation.There is no significant difference between the results of moral judgments and the cognitive resource non-occupied group.(2)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the emotion-induced group and the emotion-induced and cognitive resource occupation group have no significant differences in reaction time and moral judgment results.(3)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time difference between the cognitive resource occupation group and the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation is not significant,while in the dilemma of low personal involvement,the number of people in the cognitive resource occupation group whose moral judgment is“Yes”was significantly higher than that in the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation group.(4)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time of the emotionally induced group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the moral judgment results of the two groups were both found no significant difference.Conclusion:When the occupation of cognitive resources and the induction of emotions will significantly affect the response of individual moral judgments,different types of dilemmas will significantly affect the results of individual moral judgments.

Value Choice and System Enlightenment of the U.S.Business Judgment Rule

Through analyzing theories and legislative cases in respect of Business Judgment Rule in American justice systems with the com parison method,this article reveals that the business judgment system is conducive to the protection of rights and interests of the directors in decision making,and enables the court to avoid the substantive review on business management in an effective manner;at the same time,in view of the blanks and deficiencies in the legislation of China in the "Company Law" and other relevant laws,it is recommended that the Business Judgment Rule be introduced into China and the legislation in respect of director accountability be strengthened,while the direc tors fiduciary duty and other supporting systems be improved,with the reference of the U.S.practice,to clarify the legal boundary between rights and responsibilities of directors.

Risk Judgment of and Suggestions for Shantytown Renovation Based on the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Model

Shantytown renovation is a livelihood project initiated by the Chinese government to reconstruct urban dilapidated housing and improve housing conditions for families in need. Since the funding problem is a major obstacle in the course of shantytown renovation, the government actively advocates the adoption of the public-private partnership(PPP) model. In view of the particularity of shantytown renovation and the complexity of the PPP model operation procedures, it is considered that the risk management of shantytown renovation based on the PPP model. This paper identified and judged the main risks of the PPP project in shantytown renovation, and put forward corresponding suggestions for the risk management of the PPP project in shantytown renovation, hoping to provide a reference for government decision-making.

批判性思维定义中的“Judgment(s)”问题——与晋荣东教授商榷

在批判性思维研究领域,《德尔菲报告》提出的批判性思维定义由于吸收了当代重要批判性思维学者的意见,反映了专家共识,因而具有很大的权威性。该定义引入中国大学批判性思维教科书也有十几年了。晋荣东对该定义中的一个关键词“judgment(s)”的中译——“判断”,提出了异议并建议将其改译为“判断力”。但是,仔细考察德尔菲研究项目主持人费西万对该定义的阐述就会发现,“判断力”的译法不能成立。李普曼关于批判性思维与判断的论述也表明,批判性思维定义中的judgment(s)是“判断”而非“判断力”。

Fuzzy Comprehensive Judgment on the Mechanical Equipment Bid Sheet

The reasonable model of fuzzy comprehensive judgment is found by means of thetheory and method of multi-level fuzzy judgment on the basis of the judging index systemof mechanical equipment bid sheets. The scientific method is supplied for the judgingbids, the key chain of the judging process of the mechanical equipment bid sheet. All factors are considered, especially quantitative factors or qualitative factors in the process ofjudgment.

“The Judgment” under the Elms and in the Thunderstorm:A Comparative Study between Desire under the Elms and Thunderstorm

This paper will leave out the question how Cao Yu is influenced by O'Neill and go directly to the text, from the two playwrights' tragic vision and the fate's arrangements of the main characters in the masterpieces of the two playwrights, which refracted the differences in the two playwrights' tragic tension and exposed the"judgment of human nature"and make a comparative study of the two plays.

Quantitative Estimation of Experts’Judgments on Petroleum Exploration

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An Algorithm Concerning Adjustment of Unconsistent Judgment Matrix in Ahp

Consistency test of the judgment matrix is an essential step in the aplication of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This thesis presents an algerithm concerning the adjustment of a judgment matrix when it failed to pass the consistency test.

An Approach for Integrating Quantitative Decision Model with Qualitative Judgment

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Judgment Formation towards Health Risk Behaviors Concerning Obesity: An Integration Information Theory Approach

A sample of 80 secondary students was required to take an information integration theory study to explore judgment formation toward health risk behavior regarding obesity. Here, twelve social scenarios containing a simulated actor were implemented (vignettes) having in mind a three factor experimental factor design (diet, weight and physical activity). Subjects had to read each vignette and provide an answer by marking ten points anchored scale to provide judgment on actors’ possible health risk outcome. Results showed that study participants valuated diet as the most relevant factor, followed by the description of weight and finally followed by the factor of physical activity. They impose systematic thinking to integrate different sources of information provided by factor manipulation in the vignettes by using a cognitive summative rule. Implications of this study result to clinical intervention in obesity as well as for theoretical considerations of cognitive models of health risk behavior are discussed in the present article.

Gender Differences in Neural Mechanisms Underlying Moral Judgment of Disgust: A Functional MRI Study

Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine possible gender difference in neural response to (sexual) disgusting pictures versus neutral pictures. Seventeen participants (9 males) were scanned while viewing pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex and being asked to evaluate whether the behaviors between the stimulus persons in the pictures were morally appropriate or not. Both the neural responses to pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex between male participants and female participants and the neural response to pictures of male-male tactile intimacy and to pictures of female-female tactile intimacy were examined. The results showed that significantly increased differential activations to the disgusting pictures relative to the neutral pictures were observed in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and amygdala. Furthermore, greater activation to the pictures of female-female tactile intimacy was observed in the left superior frontal gyrus/dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 6). These results suggested a possible neural gender difference between female’s immoral behavior and male’s immoral behavior.

Thinking Process of Nursing Students’ Clinical Judgment in Pediatric Nursing Practicum

This aim is to clarify thinking process of nursing students’ clinical judgment, i.e., how nursing students act and think and what influences this thinking process of identifying approaches necessary for the children under their care in pediatric nursing practicum. By the analysis of M-GTA, students concurrently performed “A: Analytically contemplating the state of this child’s body” and “B: Contextually contemplating this child’s?individuality”. As a result, they acquired “C: Understandingof this child as a familiar existence.” This allows students to enable them to “D: Identify the necessary approach using judgment criteria for this child.” Furthermore, as situations that promote thinking by relating to all processes of thinking, students experienced “E: Attempts to solve problems through various measures” and “F: Encouragement of thinking through reflection.” Meanwhile, “G: Stagnation of thinking because of concerning matters” inhibited the progress of thinking. We found a need for education after grasping the process of student thought.

Emotion Judgment System by EEG Based on Concept Base of EEG Features

This paper proposes an emotion judgment system by using an electroencephalogram(EEG)feature concept base with premise of noises included.This method references the word concept association system,which associates one word with other plural words and decides the relationship between several words.In this proposed emotion judgment system,the source EEG is input and 42 EEG features are constructed by EEG data;the data are then calculated by spectrum analysis and normalization.All 2945 EEG data of 4 emotions in the EEG data emotion knowledge base are calculated by the degree of association for getting the nearest EEG data from the EEG feature concept base constructed by 2844 concepts.From the experiment,the accuracy of the proposed system was 55.9%,which was higher than the support vector machine(SVM)method.As this result,the chain structured feature of the EEG feature concept base and the efficiency by the calculation of degree of association for EEG data help reduce the influence of the noise.

Obtaining Crisp Priorities for Triangular and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Judgments

This paper proposes anoptimal fuzzy-based model for obtaining crisp priorities for Fuzzy-AHP comparison matrices.Crisp judgments cannot be given for real-life situations,as most of these include some level of fuzziness and com-plexity.In these situations,judgments are represented by the set of fuzzy numbers.Most of the fuzzy optimization models derive crisp priorities for judgments repre-sented with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers(TFNs)only.They do not work for other types of Triangular Shaped Fuzzy Numbers(TSFNs)and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers(TrFNs).To overcome this problem,a sum of squared error(SSE)based optimization model is proposed.Unlike some other methods,the proposed model derives crisp weights from all of the above-mentioned fuzzy judgments.A fuzzy number is simulated using the Monte Carlo method.A threshold-based constraint is also applied to minimize the deviation from the initial judgments.Genetic Algorithm(GA)is used to solve the optimization model.We have also conducted casestudiesto show the proposed approach’s advantages over the existingmethods.Results show that the proposed model outperforms other models to minimize SSE and deviation from initial judgments.Thus,the proposed model can be applied in various real time scenarios as it can reduce the SSE value upto 29%compared to the existing studies.

Clinical Judgment Development: Six Steps to Establish Professional Identity and Role-Specific Competencies in Caring for a Sexual Assault Survivor

Background: Clinical judgment is a specific role that establishes a professional identity. The purpose of this paper is to prepare nursing students to make better judgments in the clinical setting and realign learning and teaching. Methods: We used six steps to arrive at a competent clinical judgment suggested by the National Council State Board of Nursing (NSCBN) as a clinical judgment model 1) recognizing cues, 2) analyzing cues, 3) prioritizing hypotheses, 4) generating solutions, 5) taking an action, and 6) evaluating outcomes during the head-to-toe examination of the patient. Results: The primary outcomes are stabilization of the hemodynamics of the patient and prevention of further blood loss. Fluids are being given to help keep the vascular volume from being depleted, but they cannot solve the underlying problem. Continued assessment, intervention, and monitoring of vital signs through the course of the hospital stay ending with the patient’s discharge. Discussion: Survivors of sexual assault are unique for a nurse to provide care. The nurse needs to assess, intervene, monitor, and pay attention to detail of the 6 steps to clinical judgment, resulting in positive outcomes for their patient. Conclusions: Forensic nursing is a field of nursing that focuses on sexual assault survivor care and works to make the aftermath of their tragic situation easier to cope with. Strengthening clinical judgment skills could remedy significant mistakes made by novice forensic nurses. Critical thinking and clinical ethical reasoning are the building blocks of clinical judgment.

Research on Power Consumption Anomaly Detection Based on Fuzzy Clustering and Trend Judgment

Among the end-users of the power grid,especially in the rural power grid,there are a large number of users and the situation is complex.In this complex situation,there are more leakage caused by insulation damage and a small number of users stealing electricity.Maintenance staff will take a long time to determine the location of the abnormal user meter box.In view of this situation,themethod of subjective fuzzy clustering and quartile difference is adopted to determine the partition threshold.The power consumption data of end-users are divided into three regions:high,normal and low,which can be used to screen users in the area of abnormal power consumption.Then the trend judgment method is used to further accurately screen to improve the accuracy and reduce the number of users in the abnormal range.Finally according to abnormal power consumption auxiliary locate abnormal electricity users list box.Then the simulation environment is set to verify the application of membership fuzzy clustering and trend judgment in power consumption data partition.

Parents’ Perceptions and Judgment Formation Process of Their Infants’ Quality of Life

Purpose: We explored parents’ perceptions and judgment formation processes concerning their infants’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Method: The PedsQLTM Infant Scales—an instrument specifically designed for infants aged 1 - 24 months—were translated into Japanese. Forward and backward translations were performed, evaluating the semantic and conceptual equivalencies. Parents with infants younger than two-years-old were recruited and interviewed using think-aloud and probing techniques. Participants completed the questionnaire while speaking aloud about what came to their mind, what they thought each question meant, and how they reached each answer. Results: Seven mothers and three fathers participated. The median age was 33.4 (28 - 43) years. Four had infants younger than six-months-old. All infants were healthy. Parents’ perceptions of their infants’ HRQOL varied across their ages. Some parents with infants younger than six months experienced difficulty discussing “emotional functioning” and “cognitive functioning” because their infants were too young to articulate the actions mentioned in the items. In those cases, the parents responded, “never a problem”. Seventy-five percent of parents recalled their infants’ daily “physical functioning”, while only 58% recalled “physical symptoms”. Some parents’ perceptions and judgment formation were compromised by their own perceptions. For example, they answered “often a problem” when the items were problematic to themselves instead of to their child. However, many distinguished their infants’ HRQOL from their own perceptions, indicating they understood the intention of the questionnaire. Conclusion: Parents’ formed judgement may compromise by their own perceptions. The result of this study will be helpful in improving healthcare communication and interpreting parents’ judgments of their infants’ HRQOL in future studies.

Recognition and Enforcement of Chinese Money Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters in the Netherlands: Law and Practice

Ⅰ.Enforcement of foreign judgments? Article 431 DCCP In the absence of a treaty in w hich the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters is regulated,the recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment in the Netherlands is governed by general private international law.

Build Evidence Chain Relational Model Based on Chinese Judgment Document

The reasoning of judgment documents is the touchstone of justice. Attaching importance to the reasoning of judgment documents is essentially the embodiment of judiciary civilization. In order to promote the reform of judgment documents reasoning and improve the level of it, the technology of automated judgment documents reasoning evaluation has to be studied on. How to build evidence chain relational model is the basis and key to this technology.An approach is proposed to build evidence chain relational model based on Chinese judgment documents. Using automated text preprocessing for Chinese judgment documents creates semi-structured XML documents and extracts evidence set and fact set. The method of key elements extraction is used to obtain the keywords of evidence and facts. Calculating the degree of association can work out the connection points of evidence chain relational model. Tabular display and graphical display of evidence chain relational model can be realized.