Lipase Inhibitor from Fruits of <i>Solanum stramonifolium</i>Jacq.

Obesity is usually considered as an overweight or excess body fat, leading to increased health problems. Obesity is a major risk factor for a number of serious diseases. Decreasing dietary fat absorption, through inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity, has been reported to be one of the most effective ways for managing obesity. The present study was aimed at investigating lipase inhibitors from edible plants. A lipase inhibitor was isolated from n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the ripe fruits of Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. by column chromatography and identified by spectral analysis. Its structure was elucidated as (22R)-3β-benzoyloxy-22-hydroxy-4α-methyl-5α-stigmast-7-en-6-one or carpesterol (1). Carpesterol exhibited moderate lipase inhibition activity with IC50 value of 56.0 μg/mL while orlistat, a well- know pancreatic lipase inhibitor, had IC50 value of 3.5 ng/mL. Moreover, the kinetic properties of carpesterol on pancreatic lipase were evaluated. Carpesterol is a competitive inhibitor and exhibited antagonistic interaction when combined with orlistat on lipase inhibition activity.

Analysis of Cloning and Expression Characteristics of Capsicum chinense Jacq. CcMYB Gene

In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process, one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp, and was speculated to code 345 amino acids, comprising an complete open reading frame. The isoelectric point is 8.57, and the molecular weight is 38.2 KD. The protein is a neutral hydrophobin without transmentbrane structure. There are two MYBDNA domains at the N terminal. The fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that CcMYB gene was expressed in all the root, stem, leaf, flower, placenta and fruit tissue of pepper, and the expression level was the highest in fruit ; and CcMYB was expressed in fruit at the highest level at turning stage, and at the second highest level at expansion stage, which accords with the expression profile of punl gene in fruit development period. It is speculated that CcMYB gene plays an important role in the regulation of capsaicine synthesis in C. chinense fruit.

Changes of respiratory function on urine volume, renal AQP1, and AQP2 in mice with bronchial asthma and effects of lung-diffusing herb Platycodon grandiflorus (JACQ.) A.DC.

Objective:To observe the effect of respiratory-function changes on urinary output and expression of aquaporin (AQP) in kidney tissue in bronchial asthma (BA) model mice.To explore the correlation between the lung controlling breathing and the lung regulating the waterways,and observe regulation by the lung-diffusing herb platycodon root (Platycodon grandiflorus (JACQ.) A.DC.).Methods:Forty-five healthy female Balb/c mice were divided randomly into normal,model and platycodon root groups.The BA model was replicated by complex sensitization and stimulation with ovalbumin (OVA).Changes in airway resistance were detected using an AniRes2005 system,and 24-hour urine output collected by metabolic cages.Histopathologic changes in the lung and kidney were observed by H&rE staining.Expression of the mRNA of AQP1 and AQP2 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence.Results:Compared with the normal group,airway resistance in the inspiratory phase intensified in the model group (P <.01).Following the pathologic changes in lung tissue,but no significant change in kidney tissue,24-hour urinary output decreased significantly (P <.05),and levels of AQP1,AQP2 and their mRNA increased significantly in the model group (P <.01).Compared with the model group,airway resistance in the inspiratory phase was weakened(P <.01).The urinary output increased (P <.05),pathologic changes in lung tissues decreased,and renal expression of AQP1,AQP2 and their mRNA decreased significantly (P <.01) in the platycodon root group.Conclusion:Changes in respiratory function in BA model mice can affect how the lung regulates water pathways.Platycodon root diffusing the lung can ameliorate the respiratoryfunction and pathologic changes in the lung tissues of BA model mice,but also regulate urinary output and renal expression of AQP1 and AQP2.

桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.)的组织培养和植株再生

为了建立桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.)的组织培养快速繁殖体系,以桔梗的幼茎和幼叶为外植体,进行愈伤组织及再生芽的诱导。研究结果表明,幼茎较容易脱分化与再分化,发现3种激素组合中6-BA、2,4-D和NAA,MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L为最佳的愈伤组织诱导及芽再生培养基;在3种生长素组合中,IAA、IBA和NAA分别诱导,1/2 MS+NAA 0.1mg/L为最佳,其生根率90%以上。

大黍(Panicum maximum Jacq.)的胚珠附器

观察了大黍(PanicummaximumJacq.)胚珠附器的发生时间、位置和发育过程及其细胞化学特征。结果显示:(1)大孢子母细胞时期,珠孔端有一个或多个珠心表皮细胞开始伸长、膨大,特化为胚珠附器。(2)当胚珠附器伸长、膨大至最大程度时,胚珠附器细胞表现出显著的极性特征:细胞核位于细胞的珠孔端,大而清晰;细胞内同时形成了一个特大的液泡,几乎占据了整个细胞的合点端;细胞质则被挤到珠孔端一侧,集中分布在核的周围。(3)胚珠附器从开始出现到发育成熟,都没有淀粉粒的积累;但是,PAS反应显示胚珠附器细胞壁和细胞质都比普通珠心细胞的染色程度深,这说明其细胞壁和细胞内部富含可溶性多糖。

希茉莉(Hamelia patens Jacq.)花粉发育时期快速检测

茜草科希茉莉（Hamelia patens Jacq.）的花粉用DAPI（4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole）直接染色不能观察到花粉核,本研究探索出适宜在DAPI染色前处理希茉莉花粉壁的水浴加热-氧化方法,使得希茉莉花粉核能在荧光显微镜下清晰地显示出来,从而快速检测花粉所处的发育阶段。结果表明：（1）单核花粉和二核花粉最适宜的水浴加热温度和时间分别为65℃、20~50 min和55℃、20~40 min;（2）花粉发育阶段与花朵、花药长度的对应关系为：花朵0.90~1.00 cm、花药0.50~0.60 cm时对应花粉的四分体时期,花朵1.10~1.60 cm、花药0.60~0.85 cm时对应单核花粉时期,花朵1.80~2.70 cm（花冠裂片张开前）、花药0.91~1.01 cm时对应二核花粉时期。

Evaluation Of Biomass and Vegetative Propagation Of Spilanthes oleracea Jacq.(Asteraceae)

Spilanthes oleracea Jacq.is an herbaceous plant whose scientific literature attributes among others,anti-malarial and anti-bilharzia properties.These virtues justify the placing on the market of drugs based on the plant.Our study consisted on the one hand to evaluate the biomass of the plant on a soil of dune amended and on soil of unamended dune and to test its vegetative multiplication by transplanting,cuttings and layering.The results show that the growth of the species is greater on dune soil amended with an average biomass of 106.06 g compared to 71.06 g for un-amended soil plants.The transplanting of the plants and the layering were techniques that made it possible to multiply the plants.Spilanthes oleracea Jacq.can be produced using this agronomic data.

Chemical constituents and coagulation effects of the flowers of Rosa chinensis Jacq.

In this paper,the flowers of Rosa chinensis Jacq.were investigated and 14 compounds were isolated and identified,namely kaempferol(1),quercetin(2),isoquercitrin(3),afzelin(4),quercitrin(5),phenylethyl glucopyranoside(6),avicularin(7),juglanin(8),nicotiflorin(9),phenylethyl-6′-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),tiliroside(11),methyl gallate(12),8-O-methylherbacetin-3-O-β-D-sophoroside(13),gallic acid(14).Among these compounds,compounds 7,9,12 and 13 were isolated from R.chinensis for the first time.These compounds and extracts of R.chinensis.were studied for coagulation activity in vitro.The results showed that tiliroside(11)had good effect on promoting blood coagulation,and the effect of tiliroside was better than that of Yunnanbaiyao.Juglanin(8)and nicotiflorin(9)could significantly shorten thrombin time(TT)and significantly elevated fibrinogen(FIB),which proved that juglanin and nicotiflorin had good procoagulant effect.

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和丛枝菌根真菌对月季幼苗生长生理特性的影响

【目的】盐胁迫易导致月季生长发育不良、观赏品质下降,严重影响其在高盐环境或沿海地区室外绿化应用,探究施用外源褪黑素(MT)和接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对其幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数以及激素代谢的调控作用,解析它们促进月季适应盐胁迫的生理生化机制,对于增强月季抗盐性,扩大月季应用范围具有重要意义。【方法】以月季品种‘月月红’幼苗为试验材料,采用室内盆栽试验,设置对照(CK)、100 mol/L NaCl胁迫、根际施用MT、根际接种AMF幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)及其组合等8个处理,考察各处理对月季幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数、激素代谢及抗氧化系统的影响。【结果】(1)施用MT可以促进AMF对月季幼苗根系的侵染,提高侵染率、丛枝着生率、泡囊数和侵入点数;(2)月季幼苗株高、茎粗以及生物量等在盐胁迫下显著下降,在MT或AMF处理下均不同程度增加,而AMF+MT处理下株高、茎粗无显著变化,地上部干重、地下部干重分别显著增加24.1%和37.0%;(3)月季幼苗叶绿素含量在盐胁迫下显著下降,叶绿素荧光参数也降低,MT或AMF处理能提高盐胁迫月季幼苗叶绿素含量以及叶绿素荧光参数,AMF+MT处理则使叶绿素总量、叶绿素a/b分别增加46.2%和67.2%,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、潜在活性(F_(v)/F_(o))、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、有效光化学量子效率(Fv'/Fm')、光化学淬灭系数(qP)分别增加4.9%、51.0%、175.0%、168.7%和92.5%,而NPQ下降42.7%;(4)在盐胁迫下,月季叶片中玉米素(ZT)、赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)含量下降,而脱落酸(ABA)含量增加,MT或AMF处理有利于盐胁迫下ZT、GA、IAA含量的提高以及ABA含量的下降,AMF+MT处理后ZT、GA、IAA分别增加146.9%、116.9%、35.7%,ABA下降21.1%;(5)在盐胁迫下,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性增强,超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-·))产生速率和H_(2)O_(2)累积大量增加,MT或AMF处理有助于增加抗氧化酶活性并减少O_(2)^(-·)产生速率和H_(2)O_(2)含量,而AMF+MT处理能够进一步激活SOD、CAT活性,降低O_(2)^(-·)产生速率和H_(2)O_(2)累积。【结论】接种AMF、添加MT或者AMF+MT处理均可以提高盐胁迫下月季幼苗叶绿素含量,保护叶绿素荧光系统,维持植物内源激素的平衡,激活SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性以及降低脂质过氧化和H_(2)O_(2)累积,以减轻盐胁迫对月季幼苗的伤害,促进月季生长,并以AMF+MT处理增强月季幼苗抗盐性的效果更佳。

榔榆木质部细胞构造特征的季节变化规律研究

为了探究榔榆木质部形成中细胞形态与壁层组分变化规律,以1个生长季内木质部细胞产生过程为主线,联合解剖学技术与光谱学技术,初步研究了木质部细胞形态、细胞尺寸及细胞壁主要化学组成的变化规律。结果表明4月出现2排早材管孔,以单管孔为主,5月开始大量产生木纤维细胞,纤维细胞壁厚,直至9月形成宽约2 mm的木质部;导管与木纤维细胞从4—6月处于伸长阶段,大小随后略有降低;2类细胞的直径则呈不同的季节变化规律;导管细胞壁纤维素和半纤维素的沉积过程在季节内稳定;而木纤维细胞中纤维素和半纤维素的沉积具有季节差异,生长季早期相对含量较低,晚期相对含量明显增加,说明2类细胞间主要组分沉积存在不同步性。

Differential Expression of Genes Related to Fruit Development and Capsaicinoids Synthesis in Habanero Pepper Plants Grown in Contrasting Soil Types

Habanero pepper(Capsicum chinense Jacq.)is a crop of economic relevance in the Peninsula of Yucatan.Its fruits have a high level of capsaicinoids compared to peppers grown in other regions of the world,which gives them industrial importance.Soil is an important factor that affects pepper development,nutritional quality,and capsaicinoid content.However,the effect of soil type on fruit development and capsaicinoid metabolism has been little understood.This work aimed to compare the effect of soils with contrasting characteristics,black soil(BS)and red soil(RS),on the expression of genes related to the development of fruits,and capsaicinoid synthesis using a transcriptomic analysis of the habanero pepper fruits.Plants growing in RS had bigger fruits and higher expression of genes related to floral development,fruit abscission,and softening which suggests that RS stimulates fruit development from early stages until maturation stages.Fruits from plants growing in BS had enrichment in metabolic pathways related to growth,sugars,and photosynthesis.Besides,these fruits had higher capsaicinoid accumulation at 25 days post-anthesis,and higher expression of genes related to the branched-chain amino acids metabolism(ketol-acid reductisomerase KARI),pentose phosphate pathway and production of NADPH(glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase G6PDH),and proteasome and vesicular traffic in cells(26S proteasome regulatory subunit T4 RPT4),which suggest that BS is better in the early stimulation of pathways related to the nutritional quality and capsaicinoid metabolism in the fruits.

油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)中果皮3个生长时期酚类化合物含量变化分析

以油棕果为材料,分别提取3个生长时期(G1~G3)油棕中果皮酚类物质,采用高效液相色谱法分离,检测其中没食子酸、原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、香草酸、阿魏酸、香豆素等成分和含量,并分析其变化规律。结果表明,所采用提取和分离方法可获得油棕中果皮中没食子酸、原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、香草酸、阿魏酸、香豆素,并完全分离。油棕中果皮3个发育时期总酚类化合物含量分别为:677.6μg/10 g、1 384.1μg/10 g和1 456.2μg/10 g,表明随着油棕果实发育成熟,酚类物质含量也随之增加。可溶性游离形态(SFP)、不溶性结合形态(ISBP)和酯化形态(EFP)3种酚类化合物中ISBP和EFP的含量较为丰富;EFP呈现极显著升高趋势。7种酚酸物质中,香草酸、阿魏酸和香豆素的含量相当丰富,香草酸含量尤为凸显,3个不同发育时期的含量分别为185.9μg/10 g、959.4μg/10 g、1 009.7μg/10 g,各占总酚类化合物的27.4%、69.3%、69.3%。咖啡酸、丁香酸和香草酸随油棕中果皮发育成熟含量递增;而没食子酸、原儿茶酸和阿魏酸则呈递减趋势,其中阿魏酸最为显著。

Mini-review of Major Diseases of Rosa chinensis Jacq in China

Rose （Rosa chinexis Jacq）, a traditional Chinese ornamental flower, is widely planted for landscaping in China. Diseases, together with their typical symptoms on R. chinensis in China, are presented in this review. Ten fungal, one bacterial, one viral and one physiological disease are noted in this study respec- tively. Two newly recorded diseases, rose leaf spot caused by ChaetomeUa raphigera and rose leaf blotch caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispom, are also described and illustrated. With the warming climate, the geographic distribution of rose diseases may expand and the losses cause by rose diseases are becoming more serious. Therefore, we must strengthen researches on host-pathogen-changing climate and pay more attentions on adapted management measures as well.

桔梗种子生活力测定方法研究

为了筛选桔梗种子生活力测定的适宜条件,建立其生活力测定的快速方法,以桔梗种子为试验材料,采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法,先通过单因素试验确定生活力测定的影响因素及其范围,再通过Box-Benhnken响应面法试验,确定TTC浓度、染色温度、染色时间对桔梗种子染色影响的最佳条件。结果表明,桔梗种子染色的最佳条件为:TTC浓度为0.90%,染色温度为45℃,染色时间为16 h,其影响程度为:染色温度>染色时间>TTC浓度。在此优化条件下桔梗种子生活力理论值为76.05%,实际测定值和理论预测值的误差为0.7%(<5%),说明响应面法优化桔梗种子TTC法测定条件是可行的,利用TTC法了解桔梗种子潜在发芽能力,为桔梗种子生产及其特性的研究提供依据。

四旋翼植保无人机作业参数对月季花冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

2020年5月25—27日,以河南省荥阳市的月季法桐种质资源及园林科研基地为试验区、以月季花(Rosa chinensis Jacq.)为试验对象,应用四旋翼植保无人机对月季花进行航空喷药试验。在试验区内选择70 m×20 m的矩形试验样地,间隔5 m设置3条采集带,每条采集带按照距离地面高度100 cm(上层)、60(中层)、20 cm(下层)将月季花冠层垂直分为3层,试验区月季花平均株高100 cm、行距70 cm、株距40 cm;依据设计的试验参数施药量(7.5、15.0、22.5L·hm^(-2))、作业高度(2.2、3.0、3.8 m)、作业速度(2.0、3.5、5.0 m·s^(-1)),设计正交试验方案(L_(9)(3^(3))),试验使用清水代替农药对月季花进行喷施,植保无人机喷雾作业航线方向垂直于采集带;使用雾滴测试卡(尺寸为8 cm×3 cm)采集雾滴,使用扫描仪(灰度扫描、600×600分辨率)测定雾滴粒径、雾滴沉积密度;以雾滴密度及均匀性(变异系数)、雾滴沉积量及穿透率(变异系数)为评价指标,分析植保无人机作业参数对航空喷药雾滴在月季花冠层垂直沉积分布的影响、遴选植保无人机最优作业参数。结果表明:依据雾滴沉积密度和沉积量测定结果,植保无人机在对株高1 m左右的月季花进行喷雾作业,最佳作业参数——施药量22.5L·hm^(-2)、飞行高度3.0 m、作业速度2.0 m·s^(-1);月季花各冠层雾滴沉积分布,由大到小依次为上层、中层、下层。极差分析结果显示,影响雾滴沉积密度和沉积量的作业参数,由主到次依次为施药量、作业高度、作业速度;影响雾滴沉积密度均匀性的作业参数,由主到次依次为施药量、作业速度、作业高度;影响月季花各冠层雾滴沉积量穿透率的主次因素各有不同,作业速度是上层雾滴沉积量穿透率的主要影响因素,而作业高度对中层和下层的影响更为明显。

甘薯近缘种染色体核型及花粉粒超微结构分析

利用压片法和花粉粒扫描电镜法对甘薯近缘种Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.的体细胞染色体数目、核型及其分类地位进行分析和界定,以明确甘薯近缘种的细胞遗传学信息及其在甘薯属中的进化程度.染色体计数结果表明,此近缘种的体细胞染色体数目为30,属于二倍体种.核型分析结果显示,此物种染色体长度分布在4.19～8.83μm,核型公式为2n=2x=30=26m（2SAT）＋4sm（2SAT）.花粉粒超微结构观察结果表明,其外壁结构属于较为原始的物种.

毛草龙三萜类和内酯类化学成分研究

目的:研究毛草龙Ludwigia octovalvis(Jacq.)Raven中的三萜类与内酯类化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶、C_(18)中低压和半制备高效液相等色谱方法对毛草龙全草的醇提物进行分离,根据理化性质以及MS、NMR等波谱技术确定化合物结构。结果:从毛草龙中分离得到20个化合物,分别鉴定为:白桦酸(1)、白桦酸甲酯(2)、齐墩果酸(3)、2α-羟基齐墩果酸(4)、脱氢山楂酸(5)、2α-羟基熊果酸(6)、Δ^(5,6)-3-(2′-甲基戊酰氧基)-熊果酸环己酯(7)、3β-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2α,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(8)、23-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(9)、(23E)-coumaroylhederagenin(10)、eucalyptolic acid(11)、黑麦草内酯(12)、异黑麦草内酯(13)、羟基二氢博伏内酯(14)、二氢欧山芹素(15)、(3′S,4′S)-3′-acetoxy-4′-angeloyloxy-3′,4′-dihydroseselin(16)、异补骨脂素(17)、七叶内酯(18)、羌活苷(19)和11,12-诃子裂酸二甲酯(20)。结论:其中,化合物5、7~9、11、13~20为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1、2、4、12为首次从该植物中分离得到。