Role of Toll-like receptor 4 and Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription signal transduction pathway in sepsis-induced brain damage

The Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signal transduction pathway is involved in sepsis-induced functional damage to the heart, liver, kidney, and other organs. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced brain damage remain elusive. In the present study, we found severe loss of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats with sepsis-induced brain damage following intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin, The expression of toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor a, and interleukin-6 was significantly increased in brain tissues following lipopolysaccharide exposure. AG490 （JAK2 antagonist） and rapamycin （STAT3 antagonist） significantly reduced neuronal loss and suppressed the increased expression of toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor a, and interleukin-6 in the hippocampal CA1 region in sepsis-induced brain damaged rats. Overall, these data suggest that blockade of the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway is neuroprotective in sepsis-induced brain damage via the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor a, and interleukin-6 exoression.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 promotes the Warburg effect possibly by inducing pyruvate kinase M2 phosphorylation in liver precancerous lesions

BACKGROUND Study shows that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) can increase the Warburg effect by stimulating hexokinase 2 in breast cancer and upregulate lactate dehydrogenase A and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 in myeloma. STAT3 and pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2) can also be activated and enhance the Warburg effect in hepatocellular carcinoma. Precancerous lesions are critical to human and rodent hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for the development of liver precancerous lesions remains unknown. We hypothesized that STAT3 promotes the Warburg effect possibly by upregulating p-PKM2 in liver precancerous lesions in rats.AIM To investigate the mechanism of the Warburg effect in liver precancerous lesions in rats.METHODS A model of liver precancerous lesions was established by a modified Solt-Farber method. The liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The transformation of WB-F344 cells induced with Nmethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and hydrogen peroxide was evaluated by the soft agar assay and aneuploidy. The levels of glucose and lactate in the tissue and culture medium were detected with a spectrophotometer. The protein levels of glutathione S-transferase-π, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), STAT3,and PKM2 were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence.RESULTS We found that the Warburg effect was increased in liver precancerous lesions in rats. PKM2 and p-STAT3 were upregulated in activated oval cells in liverprecancerous lesions in rats. The Warburg effect, p-PKM2, and p-STAT3 expression were also increased in transformed WB-F344 cells. STAT3 activation promoted the clonal formation rate, aneuploidy, alpha-fetoprotein expression,PCNA expression, G1/S phase transition, the Warburg effect, PKM2 phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation in transformed WB-F344 cells.Moreover, the Warburg effect was inhibited by stattic, a specific inhibitor of STAT3, and further reduced in transformed WB-F344 cells after the intervention for PKM2.CONCLUSION The Warburg effect is initiated in liver precancerous lesions in rats. STAT3 activation promotes the Warburg effect by enhancing the phosphorylation of PKM2 in transformed WB-F344 cells.

Regulation and function of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), a member of the STAT family, is a key regulator of many physiological and pathological processes. Significant progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional control, posttranslational modification, cellular localization and functional regulation of STAT3. STAT3 can translocate into the nucleus and bind to specific promoter sequences, thereby exerting transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown that STAT3 can also translocate into mitochondria, participating in aerobic respiration and apoptosis. In addition, STAT3 plays an important role in inflammation and tumorigenesis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. Conditional knockout mouse models make it possible to study the physiological function of STAT3 in specific tissues and organs. This review summarizes the latest advances in the understanding of the expression, regulation and function of STAT3 in physiological and tumorigenic processes.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulation by novel binding partners

Signal transducers and activators of transcription(STATs) mediate essential signals for various biological processes,including immune responses,hematopoiesis,and neurogenesis. STAT3,for example,is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases,including cancers,autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. STAT3 activation is therefore tightly regulated at multiple levels to prevent these pathological conditions. A number of proteins have been reported to associate with STAT3 and regulate its activity. These STAT3-interacting proteins function to modulate STAT3-mediated signaling at various steps and mediate the crosstalk of STAT3 with other cellular signaling pathways. This article reviews the roles of novel STAT3 binding partners such as DAXX,zipperinteracting protein kinase,Krüppel-associated box-associated protein 1,Y14,PDZ and LIM domain 2 and signal transducing adaptor protein-2,in the regulation of STAT3-mediated signaling.

Liuwei Dihuang Pill(六味地黄丸)Treats Postmenopausal Osteoporosis with Shen(Kidney) Yin Deficiency via Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signal Pathway by Up-regulating Cardiotrophin-Like Cytokine Factor 1 Expression

Objectives： To investigate the mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill （六味地黄丸, LDP） in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） with Shen （Kidney） yin deficiency. Methods： In this study, 205 cases of PMOP were divided into the PMOP Shen-yin deficiency group （Group A）, PMOP Shen-yang deficiency group （Group B）, PMOP without Shen deficiency group （Group C）, and control group （Group N）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot techniques were used to observe the effects of LDP treatment on the cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 （CLCF1）, ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 1 （ASB1）, and proldneticin 2 （PROK2） genes and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway. Results： The mRNA （P〈0.05） and protein （P〈0.01） expression levels of the CLCF1 gone in Group A were significantly lower than the corresponding levels in Group N. After LDP treatment for 3 months, the mRNA expression levels of the CLCF1 gone were obviously up-regulated （P〈0.01）. After 6-month treatment, the expression levels of CLCF1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated （both P〈0.01）, and the average bone density of the top femur had significantly increased （P〈0.05）. In vitro, CLCF1 overexpression resulted in a significant increase in the total protein and phosphorylated protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Conclusions： The CLCF1 gone is an important gone associated with PMOP Shen-yin deficiency and the therapeutic effects of LDP may be mediated by up-regulation of CLCF1 gone expression and activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Janus激酶抑制剂在皮肤病中应用的研究进展

Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂是一种抑制JAK/信号转导和转录激活因子(STAT)信号通路的药物,可选择性抑制JAK家族,近几年已成为治疗许多炎症性皮肤病的新方案。JAK/STAT通路是一种细胞内信号通路,细胞因子通过该通路引起疾病。使用JAK抑制剂可能是治疗此类疾病的有用策略。本文对JAK抑制剂治疗皮肤病的机制、疗效及不良反应进行综述。

大承气汤通过Janus激酶2/信号转导和转录激活子3信号通路对急性胰腺炎大鼠细胞因子水平的影响

目的观察大承气汤通过Janus激酶2/信号转导和转录激活子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路对急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠细胞因子水平的影响。方法选取30只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组和治疗组,每组10只。假手术组大鼠开腹后仅翻动十二指肠,模型组和治疗组大鼠经胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠,治疗组大鼠在造模后24 h灌胃10 g/kg大承气汤。比较各组大鼠腹水量、血清淀粉酶(AMY)、脂肪酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平;酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-10水平;免疫发光法和免疫扩散法检测大鼠血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测大鼠血清磷酸化Janus激酶2(p-JAK2)和磷酸化信号转导和转录激活子3(p-STAT3)mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠腹水量显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠腹水量显著降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠AMY、脂肪酶、ALT水平均显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠AMY、脂肪酶、ALT水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清炎症因子水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠血清炎症因子水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清p-JAK2和p-STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠血清p-JAK2和p-STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论大承气汤通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路降低AP大鼠细胞因子水平。

Galectin 2 regulates JAK/STAT3 signaling activity to modulate oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and migration in vitro

Background:Galectin 2(LGALS2)is a protein previously reported to serve as a mediator of disease progression in a range of cancers.The function of LGALS2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),however,has yet to be explored,prompting the present study to address this literature gap.Methods:Overall,144 paired malignant tumor tissues and paracancerous OSCC patient samples were harvested and the LGALS2 expression levels were examined through qPCR and western immunoblotting.The LGALS2 coding sequence was introduced into the pcDNA3.0 vector,to enable the overexpression of this gene,while an LGALS2-specific shRNA and corresponding controls were also obtained.The functionality of LGALS2 as a regulator of the ability of OSCC cells to grow and undergo apoptotic death in vitro was assessed through EdU uptake and CCK-8 assays,and flow cytometer,whereas a Transwell system was used to assess migratory activity and invasivity.An agonist of the Janus Kinase 2(JAK2)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3)pathway was also used to assess the role of this pathway in the context of LGALS2 signaling.Results:Here,we found that lower LGALS2 protein and mRNA expression were evident in OSCC tumor tissue samples,and these expression levels were associated with clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival outcomes.Silencing LGALS2 enhanced proliferation in OSCC cells while rendering these cells better able to resist apoptosis.The opposite was instead observed after LGALS2 was overexpressed.Mechanistically,the ability of LGALS2 to suppress the progression of OSCC was related to its ability to activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling axis.Conclusion:Those results suggest a role for LGALS2 as a suppressor of OSCC progression through its ability to modulate JAK/STAT3 signaling,supporting the potential utility of LGALS2 as a target for efforts aimed at treating OSCC patients.

青藤碱水凝胶经白细胞介素-6/Janus激酶2/信号转导因子和转录激活因子3信号通路调控自噬和炎症对胶原-诱导类风湿关节炎小鼠模型的影响作用

目的 探讨青藤碱(SIN)水凝胶(gel)对胶原-诱导类风湿关节炎(RA)小鼠模型的影响和作用机制。方法 10只DBA/1小鼠随机分为SIN oral组(口服管饲法给予SIN)和SIN gel组(关节处皮肤涂抹SIN gel),每组各5只。测定不同时间点两组小鼠关节滑膜液中的SIN水平。20只DBA/1小鼠随机分为Control组、Model组、Model+SIN oral组和Model+SIN gel组,每组各5只。采用ELISA法测定滑膜液中白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)的水平。采用Western blot法测定关节中自噬相关蛋白LC-3Ⅰ、LC-3Ⅱ、p62及IL-6/Janus激酶(JAK)2/信号转导因子和转录激活因子(STAT)3信号通路蛋白的相对表达水平。结果 与SIN oral组相比,SIN gel组小鼠给药后时间点1、2、6、12、16、20和24 h关节滑膜液中SIN水平均明显升高(P<0.05),且在给药后6 h时滑膜液中SIN水平达到同组峰值。与Control组比较,Model组小鼠关节滑膜液中IL-6、IL-1β、MCP-1和TNF-α水平及关节组织中LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值均明显升高,关节组织中p62表达水平明显降低;Model组、Model+SIN oral组及Model+SIN gel组小鼠关节滑膜液中IL-6、IL-1β、MCP-1和TNF-α水平及关节组织中LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值均依次降低,关节组织中p62表达水平依次升高(P<0.05)。与Control组比较,Model组小鼠关节组织中IL-6、磷酸化(p-)JAK2和p-STAT3相对表达水平均明显升高;Model组、Model+SIN oral组及Model+SIN gel组小鼠关节组织中IL-6、p-JAK2和p-STAT3相对表达水平均依次降低(P<0.05)。结论 SIN gel提高了RA小鼠向关节部位递送SIN的效率,并明显抑制IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路的活化水平、炎症细胞因子分泌和关节处的自噬水平。

加味茵陈蒿汤辅助肝动脉化疗栓塞术对中晚期原发性肝癌患者中医证候和Janus激酶2/信号转导与转录激活因子3信号通路的影响

目的观察加味茵陈蒿汤辅助肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)对中晚期原发性肝癌患者中医证候、Janus激酶2/信号转导与转录激活因子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路的影响。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月福建省泉州滨海医院肿瘤科107例中晚期原发性肝癌患者为研究对象,按照简单随机化法分为对照组(n=53)和治疗组(n=54)。对照组予TACE,治疗组在对照组基础上加加味茵陈蒿汤治疗。统计2组实体瘤疗效、毒副反应及治疗前后中医证候(胁痛、痞块、腹胀)积分、JAK2/STAT3信号通路mRNA表达及其下游靶基因[B细胞淋巴瘤-XL基因(Bcl-XL)、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、人髓细胞增生原癌基因(c-Myc)]蛋白表达、肝功能指标[天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBiL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)]。结果治疗组疾病控制率为79.63%(43/54),对照组疾病控制率为58.49%(31/53),治疗组疾病控制率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组胁痛、痞块、腹胀评分,外周血JAK2、STAT3 mRNA表达,Bcl-XL、Cyclin D1、c-Myc蛋白表达,AST、TBiL、ALT水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组Ⅰ~Ⅱ级肝肾功能异常发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论加味茵陈蒿汤辅助TACE对中晚期原发性肝癌患者症状、肝功能及疗效的改善具有积极作用,可能机制与下调JAK2/STAT3信号通路有关。

Interleukin-10 Contributes to Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Acute Liver Failure via Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway

Background：Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） transplantation has been proven to have therapeutic potential for acute liver failure （ALF）.However,the mechanism remains controversial.Recently,modulation of inflammation by MSCs has been regarded as a crucial mechanism.The aim of the present study was to explore the soluble cytokines secreted by MSCs and their therapeutic effects in ALF.Methods：MSCs isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were identified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis.Conditioned medium derived from MSCs （MSCs-CM） was collected and analyzed by a cytokine microarray.MSCs and MSCs-CM were transplanted into rats with D-galactosamine-induced ALF.Liver function,survival rate,histology,and inflammatory factors were determined.Exogenous recombinant rat interleukin （IL）-10,anti-rat IL-10 antibody,and AG490 （signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [STAT3] signaling pathway inhibitor） were administered to explore the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs-CM.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 19.0,and all data were analyzed by the independent-sample t-test.Results：There are statistical differences of the survival curve between ALF＋MSCs group and ALF＋Dulbecco＆#39;s modified Eagle＆#39;s medium （DMEM） group,as well as ALF＋MSCs-CM group and ALF＋DMEM group （all P 〈 0.05）.Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） level in the ALF＋MSCs and ALF＋MSCs-CM groups was lower than that in the ALF＋DMEM group （865.53＆#177;52.80 vs.1709.75＆#177;372.12 U/L and 964.72＆#177;414.59 vs.1709.75＆#177;372.12 U/L,respectively,all P 〈 0.05）;meanwhile,serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST） level in the ALF＋MSCs and ALF＋MSCs-CM groups was lower than that in the ALF＋DMEM group （2440.83＆#177;511.94 vs.4234.35＆#177;807.30 U/L and 2739.83＆#177;587.33 vs.4234.35＆#177;807.30 U/L,respectively,all P 〈 0.05）.Furthermore,MSCs or MSCs-CM treatment significantly reduced serum interferon-γ （IFN-γ）,IL-1β,IL-6 levels and increased serum IL-10 level compared with DMEM （all P 〈 0.05）.Proteome profile analysis of MSCs-CM indicated the presence of anti-inflammatory factors and IL-l 0 was the most distinct.Blocking of IL-10 confirmed the therapeutic significance of this cytokine.Phosphorylated STAT3 was upregulated after IL-l 0 infusion and inhibition of STAT3 by AG490 reversed the therapeutic effect of IL-10.Conclusions：The factors released by MSCs,especially IL-10,have the potential for therapeutic recovery of ALF,and the STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10.

Caprylic Acid Improves Lipid Metabolism, Suppresses the Inflammatory Response and Activates the ABCA1/p-JAK2/pSTAT3 Signaling Pathway in C57BL/6J Mice and RAW264.7 Cells

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of caprylic acid(C8:0)on lipid metabolism and inflammation,and examine the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice and cells.Methods Fifty-six 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups fed a highfat diet(HFD)without or with 2%C8:0,palmitic acid(C16:0)or eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA).RAW246.7 cells were randomly divided into five groups:normal,lipopolysaccharide(LPS),LPS+C8:0,LPS+EPA and LPS+cAMP.The serum lipid profiles,inflammatory biomolecules,and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expression were measured.Results C8:0 decreased TC and LDL-C,and increased the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio after injection of LPS.Without LPS,it decreased TC in mice(P<0.05).Moreover,C8:0 decreased the inflammatory response after LPS treatment in both mice and cells(P<0.05).Mechanistic investigations in C57BL/6J mouse aortas after injection of LPS indicated that C8:0 resulted in higher ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 expression than that with HFD,C16:0 and EPA,and resulted in lower TNF-α,NF-κB mRNA expression than that with HFD(P<0.05).In RAW 264.7 cells,C8:0 resulted in lower expression of pNF-κBP65 than that in the LPS group,and higher protein expression of ABCA1,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 than that in the LPS and LPS+cAMP groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Our studies demonstrated that C8:0 may play an important role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response,and the mechanism may be associated with ABCA1 and the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 signaling pathway.

Gossypol acetic acid regulates leukemia stem cells by degrading LRPPRC via inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling or resulting mitochondrial dysfunction

BACKGROUND Leukemia stem cells(LSCs)are found to be one of the main factors contributing to poor therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia(AML),as they are protected by the bone marrow microenvironment(BMM)against conventional therapies.Gossypol acetic acid(GAA),which is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants,exerts anti-tumor roles in several types of cancer and has been reported to induce apoptosis of LSCs by inhibiting Bcl2.AIM To investigate the exact roles of GAA in regulating LSCs under different microenvironments and the exact mechanism.METHODS In this study,LSCs were magnetically sorted from AML cell lines and the CD34+CD38-population was obtained.The expression of leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein(LRPPRC)and forkhead box M1(FOXM1)was evaluated in LSCs,and the effects of GAA on malignancies and mitochondrial RESULTS LRPPRC was found to be upregulated,and GAA inhibited cell proliferation by degrading LRPPRC.GAA induced LRPPRC degradation and inhibited the activation of interleukin 6(IL-6)/janus kinase(JAK)1/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)3 signaling,enhancing chemosensitivity in LSCs against conventional chemotherapies,including L-Asparaginase,Dexamethasone,and cytarabine.GAA was also found to downregulate FOXM1 indirectly by regulating LRPPRC.Furthermore,GAA induced reactive oxygen species accumulation,disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis,and caused mitochondrial dysfunction.By inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling via degrading LRPPRC,GAA resulted in the elimination of LSCs.Meanwhile,GAA induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage by causing mitochondrial damage.CONCLUSION Taken together,the results indicate that GAA might overcome the BMM protective effect and be considered as a novel and effective combination therapy for AML.

Mechanism of Yanghe Pingchaun granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats based on IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yanghe Pingchuan Granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and to explore the mechanism of Interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/ Signal transducing activator of transcription 3(IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) signal axis. Methods: We separated 42 healthy male SD rats into two groups, a control group (7) and a model group (35).The model group was sensitized with a combination of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide for 2 weeks, while the control group was given an equal amount of physiological saline.After 2 weeks, the modeling group was randomly divided into Model group, Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, medium and low dose groups and Dexamethasone group, each group consisted of 7 animals. After 4 weeks, OVA atomization and gavage were used for stimulation and treatment. Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, middle and low groups were given 15.48, 7.74, 3.87 g∙kg-1 Yanghe Pingchuan Granules daily, dexamethasone group was given 0.0625 mg∙kg-1 dexamethasone daily, and the other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. HE, PAS and Masson staining were used to observe the lung histopathological changes in rats. The levels of interleukin-6, IL-23 and IL-17A were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 in lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in rat lung tissue. Results: The lung tissue structure of the model group was severely damaged compared to the control group, accompanied by a great many of inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were more obvious. The expressions of IL-6, IL- 23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly increased (P<0.01), the protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01);Compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell proliferation, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were significantly reduced in each administration group, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.01). The protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Yanghe Pingchuan Granules can significantly alleviate airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and its mechanism may be through inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signal axis.

Effect of interleukin-6 / signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway on cyclooxygenase- 2 expression in THP- 1 monocyte

Objective To investigate the relationship between the interleukin-6(IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)expression in THP-1 monocytes.Methods Human THP-1 monocyte was used as the research cell,and the time-dependent expressions of STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 were detected

高迁移率族蛋白B1诱导巨噬细胞Janus激酶/信号转导及转录激活子通路活化的研究

目的 初步探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)致炎效应的信号转导机制。方法 清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠,取其腹腔巨噬细胞,培养3 d后以10 mg/L HMGB1刺激。刺激完毕后直接在培养瓶中裂解细胞,分别采用免疫沉淀、免疫印迹法和凝胶阻滞分析等技术观察不同时间点Janus激酶2(JAK2)、信号转导及转录激活子-1(STAT1)以及STAT3的活化情况。结果 HMGB1可诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞STAT1、STAT3在短时间内(2 h)活化,其中STAT3活化最为迅速,10 min即可达到活化高峰。但:HMGB1不能在短时间内(2 h)诱导JAK2活化。结论 JAK/STAT途径可能参与了HMGB1致炎效应的信号转导机制。

疏风宣肺解毒方药对流感病毒性肺炎小鼠Janus激酶信号转导与转录激活因子通路的影响

目的：观察疏风宣肺解毒方对流感病毒性肺炎小鼠肺组织Janus激酶信号转导与转录激活因子（JAK-STAT）通路的调控作用。方法将60只小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、达菲对照组和疏风宣肺方高、中、低剂量组，每组10只。应用0.05 mL的4LD50流感病毒肺适应株FM1滴鼻感染小鼠，建立小鼠流感病毒性肺炎模型；正常组以0.05 mL生理盐水滴鼻。制模成功2 h后，正常组、模型组灌服蒸馏水；达菲对照组灌服达菲（磷酸奥司他韦）2.5 g·mL-1·d-1；疏风宣肺方高、中、低剂量组分别灌服疏风宣肺解毒方药（由菊花、桑叶、杏仁、桔梗、连翘、柴胡等组成，颗粒剂），按照人与小鼠体表面积换算给药剂量，以加倍量为高剂量，折半量为低剂量，每日1次，每次0.2 mL。连续给药4 d后取小鼠肺组织，采用基因芯片技术检测小鼠JAK-STAT通路相关差异基因的表达，筛选差异表达基因的标准为：上调基因P＜0.05，且log2比值＞1，下调基因P＜0.05，且log2比值＜-1。应用实时荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）测定肺组织Janus激酶（JAK）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）的mRNA表达水平。结果与正常组比较，模型组差异表达基因STAT5〔log2（正常组/模型组）＝2.32〕、白细胞介素-4受体亚单位〔IL4RA，log2（正常组/模型组）＝4.77〕、白细胞介素-12受体〔IL12R， log2（正常组/模型组）＝1.58〕、 JAK〔log2（正常组/模型组）＝2.41〕均明显上调，干扰素（IFN）明显下调〔log2（正常组/模型组）＝-1.45〕；与模型组比较，达菲对照组〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝1.51〕、方药各组〔log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝1.46，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝1.72，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝1.40〕差异表达基因IFN明显上调，STAT5〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-2.06，log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-1.41， log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-2.10，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-1.89〕、IL4RA〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-2.52，log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-1.85，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-2.74，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-1.39〕、IL12R〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-1.48，log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-0.10，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-1.58，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-0.53〕、JAK〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-1.44， log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-0.88，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-1.74，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-0.53〕明显下调，模型组JAK mRNA表达较对照组明显升高（2-ΔΔCt：3.17±0.94比1.01±0.13，P＜0.05）， IFN-γ mRNA表达较对照组明显降低（2-ΔΔCt：0.15±0.48比1.01±0.12，P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，达菲对照组和疏风宣肺方高、中剂量组JAK mRNA表达均明显降低（2-ΔΔCt：2.02±0.63、1.19±0.30、1.59±0.67比3.17±0.94，均P＜0.05），达菲对照组和疏风宣肺方高、中、低剂量组IFN-γ mRNA表达升高（2-ΔΔCt：0.61±0.12、0.41±0.13、0.85±0.14、0.78±0.20比0.15±0.48，均P＜0.05）。结论疏风宣肺解毒方可通过调节JAK-STAT通路和升高IFN-γ水平，调节辅助性T细胞1/2（Th1/2）的平衡，减轻肺组织免疫病理损伤。

Janus激酶抑制剂AG490对人视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-RB_(44)细胞JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响

目的:研究Janus激酶(Janus kinase,JAK)抑制剂AG490对人视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-RB44细胞株体外抗增殖及细胞周期的作用,探讨其对JAK2/信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路蛋白表达的影响。方法:本实验分为实验组和对照组,实验组又根据不同浓度(6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,100.00,200.00μmol/L)的AG490处理分为6个不同浓度的实验组。采用细胞的活力测定法检测各组细胞增殖状态。应用流式细胞术对各组中细胞凋亡及周期进行分析。采用Western印迹检测处理后STAT3,p-STAT3及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)蛋白的表达。结果:AG490处理HXO-RB44细胞株48 h后,随着药物浓度的增加,细胞抑制率增加,细胞存活率下降(均P<0.05)。除6.25μmol/L实验组外,其余5组与对照组两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。流式细胞术显示:随着AG490药物浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率呈逐渐增高趋势,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。其中,50.00和100.00μmol/L实验组G1期细胞比例显著增多,相应地处于S期的细胞比例减少。Western印迹显示:随着AG490药物浓度的增加,STAT3和p-STAT3蛋白的表达量逐渐下降,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);VEGF表达量逐渐下降,与对照组相比,6.25和12.50μmol/L实验组的VEGF差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),其余各实验组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:JAK抑制剂AG490能抑制HXORB44细胞株生长及增殖,促进细胞的凋亡增加;并通过阻断JAK2/STAT3信号通路而下调STAT3,p-STAT3和VEGF的表达,从而抑制HXO-RB44细胞株的增殖,加速其凋亡。

益气养阴方对糖尿病肾病气阴两虚大鼠肾组织Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子通路的影响

目的通过检测大鼠肾组织Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子(Janus kinase/signal transducerand activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)的表达,探讨益气养阴方干预糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropa-thy,DN)气阴两虚证的机制。方法将33只大鼠随机分为正常组、DN组、DN气阴两虚组、西药组和中药组,采用链脲佐菌素复制DN模型,采用青皮、枳实、附子耗气伤阴复制气阴两虚模型,采用免疫组织化学法检测肾组织JAK1/3、STAT1的表达。结果与正常组比较,DN组和DN气阴两虚组JAK1/3和STAT1表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);中药组和西药组JAK1/3表达水平低于DN组和DN气阴两虚组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中药组和西药组STAT1表达水平显著低于DN组和DN气阴两虚组(P<0.05)。结论益气养阴中药可通过调节DN气阴两虚证大鼠肾组织JAK/STAT信号的异常表达,而发挥对早期肾脏损伤的防治作用。

Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活因子通路与创伤脓毒症的关系

Janus激酶 /信号转导子和转录激活因子 (JAK/STAT )通路因其简单的构成模式和独特的激活方式而备受关注 ,它参与了多种早期细胞因子的信号转导及调控过程 ,其中尤以IFN γ、IL 1、IL 6、IL 10、IL 4与JAK/STAT活化关系密切。新近研究发现 ,JAK/STAT通路对脓毒症晚期介质———高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)表达亦具有明显的调节作用 ,抑制该信号转导途径可下调HMGB1的表达 ,有利于防止创伤脓毒症所致器官功能损伤的发生与发展。深入了解JAK/STAT转导机制对于进一步认识脓毒症时炎症及免疫反应失调具有重要意义 ,可望为脓毒症的防治开辟新的干预途径。