Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection deve...Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection development options and strategies are presented. Hidden baffles and barriers exist in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, so the reservoirs could be divided into different separated development units based on the baffles and barriers characteristics. Flexible and diverse profile control techniques such as high angle wells and simple and applicative zonal water injection have been introduced to improve the control and development degree of reservoirs. Three principal water injection development methods suitable for different carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are proposed, including the combination of crestal gas injection and peripheral water injection, bottom interval injection and top interval production(buoyancy underpinning), and "weak point and strong plane" area well pattern. Based on the characteristics of very low shale content, fast and far pressure transmission in the Middle East carbonate reservoirs, a large well-spacing flood pattern is recommended, and reasonable development strategies have been made such as moderate water injection rate and maintaining reasonable production pressure drawdown and voidage replacement ratio, so as to maximize the recovery of reservoirs in the none or low water cut period.展开更多
China’s growing importance in the global order,and the increasing assertiveness with which it pursues its global objectives,raise questions as to how the Middle East fits within China’s global strategy.There has bee...China’s growing importance in the global order,and the increasing assertiveness with which it pursues its global objectives,raise questions as to how the Middle East fits within China’s global strategy.There has been much speculation,in particular,as to whether China is seeking to replace the United States as a key guarantor of security for some Middle Eastern states and regimes.This no doubt is partly dependent on whether the United States will draw back its commitment to the region,and whether Middle Eastern states will seek an alternative guarantor.But it also depends critically on whether China has any interest in playing,and capacity to play,such a role.An understanding of the dynamics of China’s global strategy,and of how the Middle East relates to the parameters around which the strategy is conceived,needs to be the starting point in such an assessment.The aim of this article is to provide a realistic appraisal of the strategy,and then to draw conclusions relative to the present and future role of China in the Middle Eastern region.The analysis concludes that the relationship with Middle Eastern countries is indeed significant to China,but is nonetheless secondary to the interests which are most critical for the Chinese state.展开更多
Joint construction of“the Silk Road Economic Belt”and“the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century”is not only the objective requirement of China’s further economic development and its deepening reform and opening ...Joint construction of“the Silk Road Economic Belt”and“the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century”is not only the objective requirement of China’s further economic development and its deepening reform and opening policy,especially its national strategy of“opening to the west”,but also a major historical opportunity for the development of the Asia-Europe countries particularly the Middle East countries.While Chinese economy achieved remarkable development,the economy of the Middle Eastern countries ploughed through the turmoil and fighting.From the point of view of the global economy,the economies of China and of the Middle East countries are at different stages of historical development.This kind of difference just reflected the complementarity in their economic cooperation.The two sides ought to grasp this historical opportunity,use complementary advantages and achieve win-win cooperation.With the status of the Middle East in China’s diplomacy being definitely rising,China’s Middle East strategy should grasp four points of emphasis,such as expansion of the international political space,strengthening of national security,promotion of trade and economic cooperation,and enhancing soft power.展开更多
“Those who owns the Middle East oil,will have the world.”The world’s major energy consumers-the United States and Russia holding the“energy card”meet in the Middle East.There are consensus and also contradictions...“Those who owns the Middle East oil,will have the world.”The world’s major energy consumers-the United States and Russia holding the“energy card”meet in the Middle East.There are consensus and also contradictions in their energy strategies and interests.Based on the comparison between the energy strategy and policy of the two countries,this article aims to provide their experience in the Middle East for China to think and learn.展开更多
In face of challenges to its energy security,China has been making adjustments in its energy policy and energy development strategy since mid-1990s,and implementing a strategy for overseas energy development.Compared ...In face of challenges to its energy security,China has been making adjustments in its energy policy and energy development strategy since mid-1990s,and implementing a strategy for overseas energy development.Compared with Central Asia,Latin America,Southeast Asia and West Africa,the Middle East is still the major source for China’s overseas energy cooperation and development.To avoid over-dependence on the energy resources in the Middle East,China seeks more overseas energy sources and transportation channels other than those in or connected to the Middle East.However,the primary role of the Middle East in China’s overall strategy for overseas energy development is still irreplaceable by that of any other region,at least for the near future.This situation will surely produce an increasingly important impact on China’s Middle East policy,moving China to take a more active posture in the political and economic arena of the region.It can even be expected that China to maintain its stable and friendly relations with Middle East countries,will,more likely than ever,act as a diplomatic mediator in trying to resolve certain longstanding conflicts in the region.展开更多
文摘Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection development options and strategies are presented. Hidden baffles and barriers exist in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, so the reservoirs could be divided into different separated development units based on the baffles and barriers characteristics. Flexible and diverse profile control techniques such as high angle wells and simple and applicative zonal water injection have been introduced to improve the control and development degree of reservoirs. Three principal water injection development methods suitable for different carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are proposed, including the combination of crestal gas injection and peripheral water injection, bottom interval injection and top interval production(buoyancy underpinning), and "weak point and strong plane" area well pattern. Based on the characteristics of very low shale content, fast and far pressure transmission in the Middle East carbonate reservoirs, a large well-spacing flood pattern is recommended, and reasonable development strategies have been made such as moderate water injection rate and maintaining reasonable production pressure drawdown and voidage replacement ratio, so as to maximize the recovery of reservoirs in the none or low water cut period.
文摘China’s growing importance in the global order,and the increasing assertiveness with which it pursues its global objectives,raise questions as to how the Middle East fits within China’s global strategy.There has been much speculation,in particular,as to whether China is seeking to replace the United States as a key guarantor of security for some Middle Eastern states and regimes.This no doubt is partly dependent on whether the United States will draw back its commitment to the region,and whether Middle Eastern states will seek an alternative guarantor.But it also depends critically on whether China has any interest in playing,and capacity to play,such a role.An understanding of the dynamics of China’s global strategy,and of how the Middle East relates to the parameters around which the strategy is conceived,needs to be the starting point in such an assessment.The aim of this article is to provide a realistic appraisal of the strategy,and then to draw conclusions relative to the present and future role of China in the Middle Eastern region.The analysis concludes that the relationship with Middle Eastern countries is indeed significant to China,but is nonetheless secondary to the interests which are most critical for the Chinese state.
文摘Joint construction of“the Silk Road Economic Belt”and“the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century”is not only the objective requirement of China’s further economic development and its deepening reform and opening policy,especially its national strategy of“opening to the west”,but also a major historical opportunity for the development of the Asia-Europe countries particularly the Middle East countries.While Chinese economy achieved remarkable development,the economy of the Middle Eastern countries ploughed through the turmoil and fighting.From the point of view of the global economy,the economies of China and of the Middle East countries are at different stages of historical development.This kind of difference just reflected the complementarity in their economic cooperation.The two sides ought to grasp this historical opportunity,use complementary advantages and achieve win-win cooperation.With the status of the Middle East in China’s diplomacy being definitely rising,China’s Middle East strategy should grasp four points of emphasis,such as expansion of the international political space,strengthening of national security,promotion of trade and economic cooperation,and enhancing soft power.
文摘“Those who owns the Middle East oil,will have the world.”The world’s major energy consumers-the United States and Russia holding the“energy card”meet in the Middle East.There are consensus and also contradictions in their energy strategies and interests.Based on the comparison between the energy strategy and policy of the two countries,this article aims to provide their experience in the Middle East for China to think and learn.
文摘In face of challenges to its energy security,China has been making adjustments in its energy policy and energy development strategy since mid-1990s,and implementing a strategy for overseas energy development.Compared with Central Asia,Latin America,Southeast Asia and West Africa,the Middle East is still the major source for China’s overseas energy cooperation and development.To avoid over-dependence on the energy resources in the Middle East,China seeks more overseas energy sources and transportation channels other than those in or connected to the Middle East.However,the primary role of the Middle East in China’s overall strategy for overseas energy development is still irreplaceable by that of any other region,at least for the near future.This situation will surely produce an increasingly important impact on China’s Middle East policy,moving China to take a more active posture in the political and economic arena of the region.It can even be expected that China to maintain its stable and friendly relations with Middle East countries,will,more likely than ever,act as a diplomatic mediator in trying to resolve certain longstanding conflicts in the region.
