Research on the Policy Orientation of Government in Agricultural Industrialization Development

Governmental functions in agricultural industrialization management are analyzed, mainly including supplying public products, providing property right security, managing and protecting resources and environment as well as stabilizing the agro-product market. The policy orientation promoted by the government in agricultural industrialization management is pointed out: formulating a series of macro-management planning to guide and regulate agricultural industrialization operation; fully playing the comprehensive coordinating role of "economic manager"; making and carrying out relevant laws and regulations to normalize the implementation of agricultural industrialization management. To implement the industrial management of agriculture and promote the construction of new countryside, governments at all levels should eliminate the institutional barriers, transform governmental functions gradually and prioritize planning, regulation, service and supervision, changing from merely management to playing the role of market mechanism. Meanwhile, economic, legal and administrative means should be properly adopted to advance the industrial management and the healthy improvement of modern agriculture.

Micro-reconstruction Strategies of Urban Villages in Small Towns from the Perspective of Policy Orientation:A Case Study of Zhuangqian Xiongjia Village,Fengcheng City

As China’s economy shifts from high-speed development to high-quality development,China’s urbanization also shifts from incremental expansion to stock optimization,providing a new direction for the transformation of urban villages.At present,the reconstruction work office of urban villages in small towns is mainly promoted based on government-led and villager main body in the initial exploration stage.From the perspective of policy orientation,to solve the main problems in urban villages in small towns,Zhuangqian Xiongjia Village,Fengcheng City was taken as an example,and the micro-transformation strategies of urban villages were put forward from the perspective of satisfying the appeals of the government,village committee and villagers,so as to provide some references for the transformation of urban villages in other small towns across the country.

MAKING CLEAR STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, STRENGTHENING POLICY ORIENTATION AND PROMOTING INSTITUTIONAL ADJUSTMENT

Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The socialist market economy system will gradually develop to perfection,the market will play a fundamental role in allocating resources,and the State’s centralizing guidance and macro-control over the social and economic development will be more scientific,reasonable and effective.In recent years,despite of

新中国思政课政策生产的历史图景与五重导向

政策工具是政府进行社会资源配置的基本手段,具有象征和实践双重意义,对政府组织、社会群体和社会成员产生观念引导与行为预期的重要作用。思政课政策生产是思政课制度建设的核心内容,是实现国家意识形态向社会意识形态传导的关键环节,也是构建中国特色社会主义教育体系的重要路径。思政课政策生产脱胎于教育政策生产的具体实践,具化为党的教育思想、教育方针和教育实践有机统一的话语形态,包含了价值性、规律性、实践性和动态性等基本范畴。新中国成立以来,思政课政策生产经历探索初创、改革转型和创新飞跃三个发展阶段,呈现“四次转向”“三层递进”和“两个飞跃”的历史图景。思政课政策生产的历史进程清晰呈现了思政课体现社会主义本质的政治导向,不断回应思政课建设现实矛盾的问题导向,始终坚持马克思主义及其中国化最新成果指导的理论导向,深刻把握“三大规律”的实践导向和始终坚守“人民立场”的根本价值导向。“五重导向”有力阐释了思政课政策变迁的基本逻辑,也为新时代思政课政策生产的未来向度提供了有益思考。

A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Brief Analysis of Characteristics and Further Research Orientation of Bioenergy Supply Chain

Because of the pressure in environmental protection and the less amount of conventional energy, more and more countries around the world attached great importance to the development and utilization of bioenergy. Using bioenergy effectively and setting up a perfect bioenergy industry chain are the premises for bioenergy to be well developed. The main applications of bioenergy in China are electric power generating and fuel refining. But there is still some gap between Chinaand other countries in bioenergy’s development, not only in the technology, but also in government policy support. First of all, this paper briefly introduces the concept and the basic condition, the development and utilization of bioenergy inChina. Secondly, this paper makes an analysis and comparison of supply chain for the biomass and coal. Finally, this paper gives some suggestions to the further research orientation of the biomass supply chain based on its characteristics.

论“新质生产力”的国家方略政策取向

生产力是决定经济社会发展的基础性根本性因素,一切经济社会现象归根结底受生产力状况所决定与制约。“新质生产力”是对国家发展方略及政策取向的原则提示,是将国家发展的方略核心,定位于“聚焦生产力,发力新科技”的实践方向;“新质生产力”既要有科技创新的要素结构,也要有创新担当和允许试错的制度安排。一个国家的人才政策取向,能否适应更需创新激励与权责担当的就业结构和工作秩序,对经济发展形势具有关键性影响;一心谋发展,聚意高质量,是众望所归的人民意愿,也是国家选择发展模式的政策取向。人类社会随着科技创新,特别是数字化和AI技术的长足发展,重复类工作将被大量替代,新创类工作不断涌现,纠管类工作得以优化。未来由于生产力的质态变化,产业组织也将发生根本性的变革,从而对经济系统中组织资本和信任资本具有更高要求。

从“法制”到“法治”:改革开放以来我国家庭教育政策的演进逻辑与推进路径

家庭教育政策是规范与支持家庭教育发展的重要工具,是推进我国家庭家教家风建设的重要手段。改革开放以来,我国家庭教育政策经历了以边缘性探索为中心的萌芽发展阶段、以系统性规划为抓手的改革发展阶段和以体系化建设为重点的深入发展阶段。在此过程中,其动力机制、价值取向、实施过程保障及话语规则均有其独特的演进逻辑。家庭教育法治化是我国教育治理现代化的必然要求,在未来的发展中我国家庭教育从“法制”走向“法治”,可采取以下推进路径:形成强化基础建设、优质均衡发展的政策动力机制,秉持兼顾个体与社会、协调多元利益的政策价值取向,深化加强顶层设计、完善组织建设的政策实施过程保障,体现深入了解民情、广泛反映民意的政策话语规则。

数字基础设施政策赋能企业数字化转型:演进逻辑和政策取向

数字化转型是企业高质量发展的重要路径,发挥中国数字基础设施政策的战略性、基础性、先导性作用,厘清其在赋能企业数字化转型的演进过程和微观机理,并进一步明确政策优化调整方向,对激发数字经济发展动能的持续性具有重要意义。本文基于“供给侧改革”视角,采用文本分析方法总结各阶段数字基础设施政策的演进过程。研究发现:数字基础设施政策经历了硬件建设期、要素建设期和规制建设期三个阶段;数字基础设施政策在三个阶段分别通过提高企业生产效率、价值增值能力和集群的超额收益,持续深化企业数字化转型。微观机理方面,数字基础设施政策通过培育企业数字技术能力、提高要素配置效率,解决企业数字化面临的市场失灵问题。最后,本文从数据共享机制建设、多层次平台支撑和政策均衡投入三个方面提出未来政策取向。

调控取向测度、外生成分识别与货币政策“稳预期”效应——来自数量型中介指标的经验证据

文章首先给出M2中存在内生成分的经验事实,进一步运用内生成分剔除思想定量测度货币政策调控取向变迁指数,重点刻画其对《货币政策执行报告》的拟合效果和指引功效。接下来,文章识别出M2中的外生成分,运用工具变量局部投影法分析货币政策的“稳预期”功效及政策空间异质性特征。结果表明:第一,M2和经济基本面变量之间呈现出强关联走势,M2中含有经济基本面变量信息。第二,货币政策调控取向变迁指数的时变动态属性明显,除个别时点外,其对《货币政策执行报告》中的调控取向拟合效果和指引功效较好,能够准确识别和定位货币政策调控取向的微观变迁进程和瞬时突变时点。第三,货币政策数量型中介指标具有较好的“稳预期”功效,不同货币政策空间下货币政策的“饥饿效应”和“宿醉效应”不同。政策空间充足时期货币政策的短期效应明显,但由于信心的短期属性和行为主体“逆向”选择心理,政策空间不足时期货币政策存在长期效应但不稳定。

中国农业节水十年:成就、挑战及对策

水是农业的命脉。在水资源紧缺形势下,保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给,必须实施农业节水,发展高水效农业。在系统总结过去10年我国农业节水在保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给、促进区域农业可持续发展和生态环境改善、促进现代农业转型升级和提质增效以及带动农业节水产业发展等方面取得的巨大成就基础上,分析了当前我国农业节水与国际先进水平的差距,以及在农业节水相关基础数据观测和长期积累、节水评价指标体系和考核标准、灌溉面积盲目扩张与农业适水发展、灌区续建配套节水改造和高标准农田建设衔接、高效节水灌溉与农艺技术配套、农业水价综合改革与节水灌溉工程设施可持续运行机制和政策、农业节水科技创新与节水产业发展等方面面临的问题和挑战,提出了促进农业节水高质量发展的建议。

我国地方高校转型发展政策研究——138份中央与省级政策文本的分析

本研究基于138份政策文本,构建“政策工具政策内容要素”二维分析框架,考察地方高校转型政策工具的组合方式和不同政策内容要素的受重视程度。研究发现,转型政策过于依赖能力建设性政策工具,政策工具组合方式有待优化;政策内容呈现碎片化倾向,政策之间尚未形成发展合力;政策内容要素与政策工具的适配性不足,政策制定的科学性有待提升。基于此,我国应以新一轮审核评估为参照,提高应用型高校建设政策与评估政策的协同效应;出台高水平应用型高校支持计划,发挥政策示范效应;加强高校分类研究与设计,建设高质量应用型高等教育。

社会力量参与公共文化服务政策研究

《“十四五”公共文化服务体系建设规划》强调建立公共文化服务的多元参与格局。为充分了解当前我国社会力量参与公共文化服务制度现状,文章从政策工具、价值取向、政策内容等三个维度构建分析框架,探讨公共文化服务背景下社会化参与政策特征。研究发现,我国相关政策整体强制力较高、对特殊人群和公民个体参与关注不足,需要政策制定者给予社会力量充分的发展空间和自主权利,强化对特殊人群资源倾斜,扩大公民个体参与。

本科层次职业教育的政策变迁、现实问题与行动路径

本科层次职业教育政策文件的出台,有效推动了本科层次职业教育试点的实施及进程。通过对政策文本研究可知,本科层次职业教育大致经历了探索发展、试点实施、稳步推进三个阶段。试点过程中尚存在内涵和定位认识不清、实施主体尚未明确、师资力量薄弱、规模体量偏小、专业开设整体布局欠规划等问题。由此提出本科层次职业教育发展的路径为:支持高职院校作为发展本科层次职业教育的主渠道,明确本科层次职业教育类型定位,加强本科层次职业教育专业课程建设,强化本科层次职业教育师资队伍建设。

政策性农业信贷担保“看人”“看事”机制有效吗?——以解决“融资贵”问题为例

“看人——获取软信息”“看事——获取硬信息”是政策性农业信贷担保机制缓解信息不对称的重要手段,厘清其对融资成本的作用机理,对于缓解“融资贵”问题具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文基于内蒙古自治区3市382个农业经营主体的调查数据,实证分析了“看人”“看事”机制对不同类型融资成本的差异性影响。研究发现,“看人”“看事”机制对显性融资成本无影响,“看人”机制对隐性融资成本的增加作用更强,“看事”机制对转嫁成本的增加作用更强。机制检验表明,“看人”“看事”机制引发的多层次委托代理关系是政策性农业信贷担保市场融资成本高的本质原因。进一步研究发现,数字赋能和软信息硬化是缓解“融资贵”问题的有效路径。据此,从“有为政府+有效市场”、强化内部激励机制、加快数据信息系统建设、引进能人型村干部等方面提出实现农业信贷担保体系高质量发展的政策建议。

政策导向下的江苏农业科技类园区监测评价策略研究

农业科技类园区建设主要由政府主导发起,具有鲜明的政策导向。文章结合政策导向对不同类别农业科技园区的功能定位进行了对比研究,并调研分析了园区创新发展不足与监测评价难点,将其作为开展监测评价的客观依据和引导方向。综合每类园区的功能定位和发展现状,研究制定了监测评价的方式策略和指标侧重点,并从强化考核导向、建立统计报告制度、定期考察指导等方面提出了建议。

OECD推动高等教育国际化的路向探赜

伴随着经济全球化所带来的文化全球化理念已经成为世界各国的共识,高等教育作为文化全球化的重要推动力量,成为各国共同关注的焦点议题。阿帕杜莱的文化全球化理论为通过机构和学生流动实现高等教育国际化奠定了良好的解释路径。OECD作为三大政府间的重要国际性组织,在推动高等教育国际化的进程中发挥了积极推动作用。OECD通过设立专职研究机构,采用了四种不同但并非相互排斥的高等教育国际化的政策取向,以促进和推动高等教育国际化的发展。同时,OECD高等教育国际化的政策重心体现在了关注高等教育入学机会的公平、追求高等教育质量保障的品质、强调高等教育对经济的促进作用等三个方面。为促进高等教育国际化的良性发展,需要厘清OECD与高等教育国际化的内部关系,转变留学生的输入输出比例;关注OECD政策取向,实现不依赖人员流动的教育资源国际化配置;结合OECD政策重心,通过区域性一体化推动高等教育国际化进程。

区域技能型社会建设政策特征与审思——基于46份区域技能型社会建设政策文本的分析

运用内容分析法与扎根理论研究方法对46份区域技能型社会建设政策文本的分析表明,当前我国地方政府积极运用政策工具,汇聚多方力量,发挥内外优势,擘画具有本区域特色的技能型社会建设图景。相关政策从理念、目标、举措等方面为推进区域技能型社会建设实践提供了科学指引,但在政策供给、技能培训制度内部融通、政策激励举措、技能“培养—应用—转化”衔接等方面仍存在一些不足之处。未来应进一步加大政策供给,增进职业培训与职业学校教育的协调融通,优化政策激励举措,增强技能培养、应用与转化的衔接性,以更好地发挥区域技能型社会建设政策对实践行动的引领作用。

灵活动态调控取向测度、拟合效果检验与货币政策真实有效性分析

本文首先运用大量货币政策市场松紧状态反映变量数据,通过MI-TVP-FAVAR模型定量测度中国灵活动态货币政策调控取向变迁指数,并基于《货币政策执行报告》检验其拟合效果和前瞻指引功效。进一步地,本文基于时变Granger因果关系检验方法,对货币政策与产出和通货膨胀之间的Granger因果关系进行时变检验,在此基础上运用LP法分析货币政策的增长效应和价格效应。结果表明:第一,灵活动态货币政策调控取向变迁指数的时变属性和动态特征明显,对《货币政策执行报告》中的静态调控取向具有较好的拟合效果,同时能够准确揭示出货币政策松紧状态的微观变迁过程。第二,样本区间大多数时期内,灵活动态货币政策调控取向变迁指数与经济基本面变量之间具有稳定的时变Granger因果关系。第三,样本区间内,货币政策的增长效应和价格效应明显。不同松紧状态下,货币政策的“饥饿效应”和“宿醉效应”存在差异。