Since the 1980 s,Japan has witnessed an unprecedented decline in agriculture chiefly due to farmers’aging,depopulation,and unfavorable socio-economic conditions.This development has resulted in an increase of farmlan...Since the 1980 s,Japan has witnessed an unprecedented decline in agriculture chiefly due to farmers’aging,depopulation,and unfavorable socio-economic conditions.This development has resulted in an increase of farmland abandonment(FLA)across the country.However,it remains unclear as to how and to what extent FLA is influenced by intraregional agricultural characteristics.As such,this article discusses the issue of FLA by taking a closer look at the Chugoku and Shikoku region,as it has experienced the highest FLA rates in Japan in recent years.For this analysis,a total of 25 indicators retrieved from the census of agriculture and forestry at the former municipalities scale were selected to describe intraregional agricultural characteristics.We employed principal component analysis(PCA)to evaluate agricultural characteristics,while multiple linear regressions(MLR)was applied to explore their correlations with FLA and spatial variations.First,there are strong intraregional differences in the agricultural characteristics across the Chugoku and Shikoku region,with eight different principle components(PCs)describing their characteristics.Second,variables measuring agricultural characteristics explain nearly 52.8%of the variation in FLA in our sample.The sales orientation and scale of agriculture have the strongest negative correlation to FLA in the region,while the status of agricultural succession displays the strongest positive correlation to FLA.Third,in areas where agriculture is more stable and easier to maintain,FLA is more strongly influenced by changes in agricultural characteristics than by geographical variations.We argue that localized approaches and policies for future management need to take intraregional differences in agricultural characteristics and FLA into account.Our findings help to explain spatial variations in agricultural characteristics and FLA in regional contexts,suggesting the need for better-informed farmland use policies to mitigate further abandonment.展开更多
The economies of China-Japan-Korea(CJK) are complementary, with their proximity resulting in the three countries having a high degree of interdependence with respect to trade. Currently, trade among these countries re...The economies of China-Japan-Korea(CJK) are complementary, with their proximity resulting in the three countries having a high degree of interdependence with respect to trade. Currently, trade among these countries relies mainly on port-centered shipping. The development of the shipping network is integral for in-depth integration of CJK trade. This paper analyzes the overall characteristics, centrality, spatial structure, and vulnerability of the CJK shipping network using the methods of complex network analysis, blocking flow theory, and interruption and deletion of hub ports. The main findings are as follows: 1) The CJK shipping network has a small average path length and clustering coefficient, and its degree distribution follows a power-law distribution, which make the network present obvious characteristics of a Barabási-Albert scale-free. 2) The characteristics of the multi-center point of the CJK shipping network can alleviate traffic pressure. At the same time, the network shows a clear hierarchy in the port transportation system, with cargo transport relying mainly on the ‘hub port-hub port' connection. 3) The CJK shipping network is relatively stable. Compared with ports in Japan and Korea, the main hub ports in China have a greater impact on the stability of the shipping network, in particular those ports of the central coastal region, including Shanghai, Ningbo, and Lianyungang.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)(No.18H00771,16K16956)part through the Hiroshima University TAOYAKA Program for Creating a Flexible,Enduring,Peaceful Societyfunded by the Program for Leading Graduate Schools,Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology。
文摘Since the 1980 s,Japan has witnessed an unprecedented decline in agriculture chiefly due to farmers’aging,depopulation,and unfavorable socio-economic conditions.This development has resulted in an increase of farmland abandonment(FLA)across the country.However,it remains unclear as to how and to what extent FLA is influenced by intraregional agricultural characteristics.As such,this article discusses the issue of FLA by taking a closer look at the Chugoku and Shikoku region,as it has experienced the highest FLA rates in Japan in recent years.For this analysis,a total of 25 indicators retrieved from the census of agriculture and forestry at the former municipalities scale were selected to describe intraregional agricultural characteristics.We employed principal component analysis(PCA)to evaluate agricultural characteristics,while multiple linear regressions(MLR)was applied to explore their correlations with FLA and spatial variations.First,there are strong intraregional differences in the agricultural characteristics across the Chugoku and Shikoku region,with eight different principle components(PCs)describing their characteristics.Second,variables measuring agricultural characteristics explain nearly 52.8%of the variation in FLA in our sample.The sales orientation and scale of agriculture have the strongest negative correlation to FLA in the region,while the status of agricultural succession displays the strongest positive correlation to FLA.Third,in areas where agriculture is more stable and easier to maintain,FLA is more strongly influenced by changes in agricultural characteristics than by geographical variations.We argue that localized approaches and policies for future management need to take intraregional differences in agricultural characteristics and FLA into account.Our findings help to explain spatial variations in agricultural characteristics and FLA in regional contexts,suggesting the need for better-informed farmland use policies to mitigate further abandonment.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571126,41571122)Development Plan Outstanding Young Scholars in Universities of Liaoning Province(No.WJQ2015020)
文摘The economies of China-Japan-Korea(CJK) are complementary, with their proximity resulting in the three countries having a high degree of interdependence with respect to trade. Currently, trade among these countries relies mainly on port-centered shipping. The development of the shipping network is integral for in-depth integration of CJK trade. This paper analyzes the overall characteristics, centrality, spatial structure, and vulnerability of the CJK shipping network using the methods of complex network analysis, blocking flow theory, and interruption and deletion of hub ports. The main findings are as follows: 1) The CJK shipping network has a small average path length and clustering coefficient, and its degree distribution follows a power-law distribution, which make the network present obvious characteristics of a Barabási-Albert scale-free. 2) The characteristics of the multi-center point of the CJK shipping network can alleviate traffic pressure. At the same time, the network shows a clear hierarchy in the port transportation system, with cargo transport relying mainly on the ‘hub port-hub port' connection. 3) The CJK shipping network is relatively stable. Compared with ports in Japan and Korea, the main hub ports in China have a greater impact on the stability of the shipping network, in particular those ports of the central coastal region, including Shanghai, Ningbo, and Lianyungang.
