速度作用下SnAgCu-Al_(2)O_(3)/TiNi的摩擦学性能与磨损机理

高镍钛基合金(TiNi)具有密度低、比强度高等优点,广泛应用于机械工程等领域。由于TiNi合金的耐磨性较差,限制了TiNi合金在相关领域的开发和应用。为了提高TiNi合金的减磨抗磨性能,使用激光打标机在其表面设计制备鱼鳞状表面纹理并填充复合固体润滑剂SnAgCu-Al_(2)O_(3)(S-A/TiNi)。在表面纹理角度参数为70°的条件下,研究了不同速度对S-A/TiNi复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,当速度为0.037 m/s时,S-A/TiNi-70°的磨痕表面产生温升,提高了固体润滑剂的塑形性能。固体润滑剂在应力的作用下固体润滑剂被挤出织构,促进润滑膜产生,获得最佳的摩擦学性能。当速度较高时(>0.037 m/s),摩擦表面温升快,使得固体润滑剂塑性性能增强。润滑膜在应力的作用下产生破坏,导致摩擦学性能降低。当速度较低(<0.037 m/s)时,摩擦表面产生较多的热量,使得固体润滑剂塑性形变过大。在循环应力作用下润滑膜容易发生剥落,导致基体摩擦学性能降低。

Modeling and analysis of rigid multibody systems with driving constraints and frictional translation joints

An approach is proposed for modeling and anal- yses of rigid multibody systems with frictional translation joints and driving constraints. The geometric constraints of translational joints with small clearance are treated as bilat- eral constraints by neglecting the impact between sliders and guides. Firstly, the normal forces acting on sliders, the driv- ing constraint forces （or moments） and the constraint forces of smooth revolute joints are all described by complementary conditions. The frictional contacts are characterized by a set- valued force law of Coulomb＇s dry friction. Combined with the theory of the horizontal linear complementarity problem （HLCP）, an event-driven scheme is used to detect the transi- tions of the contact situation between sliders and guides, and the stick-slip transitions of sliders, respectively. And then, all constraint forces in the system can be computed easily. Secondly, the dynamic equations of multibody systems are written at the acceleration-force level by the Lagrange multiplier technique, and the Baumgarte stabilization method is used to reduce the constraint drift. Finally, a numerical example is given to show some non-smooth dynamical behaviors of the studied system. The obtained results validate the feasibility of algorithm and the effect of constraint stabilization.

Dynamics Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Rotor with Elastic Support/Dry Friction Dampers

The elastic support/dry friction damper is a type of damper which is used for active vibration control in a rotor system.To establish the analytical model of this type of damper,a two-dimensional friction model-ball/plate model was proposed.By using this ball/plate model,a dynamics model of rotor with elastic support/dry friction dampers was established and experimentally verified.Moreover,the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper was studied numerically with respect to some variable parameters.The numerical study shows that the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper is closely related to the stiffness distribution of the rotor-support system,the damper location,the pressing force between the moving and stationary disk,the friction coefficient,the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk.In general,the damper should be located on an elastic support which has a large vibration amplitude in order to achieve a better damping performance,and the more vibration energy in this elastic support concentrates,the better performance of the damper will be.The larger the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk are,the better performance of the damper will be.There will be an optimal value of the friction force at which the damper performs best.

Existence results for unilateral contact problem with friction of thermo-electro-elasticity

This work studies a mathematical model describing the static process of contact between a piezoelectric body and a thermally-electrically conductive foundation. The behavior of the material is modeled with a thermo-electro-elastic constitutive law. The contact is described by Signorini＇s conditions and Tresca＇s friction law including the electrical and thermal conductivity conditions. A variational formulation of the model in the form of a coupled system for displacements, electric potential, and temperature is de- rived. Existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved using the results of variational inequalities and a fixed point theorem.

The equilibrium stability for a smooth and discontinuous oscillator with dry friction

In this paper,we investigate the equilibrium stability of a Filippov-type system having multiple stick regions based upon a smooth and discontinuous（SD） oscillator with dry friction.The sets of equilibrium states of the system are analyzed together with Coulomb friction conditions in both（ f_n,f_s） and（x,˙x） planes.In the stability analysis,Lyapunov functions are constructed to derive the instability for the equilibrium set of the hyperbolic type and La Salle＇s invariance principle is employed to obtain the stability of the nonhyperbolic type.Analysis demonstrates the existence of a thick stable manifold and the interior stability of the hyperbolic equilibrium set due to the attractive sliding mode of the Filippov property,and also shows that the unstable manifolds of the hyperbolic-type are that of the endpoints with their saddle property.Numerical calculations show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis and an excellent efficien y of the approach for equilibrium states in this particular Filippov system.Furthermore,the equilibrium bifurcations are presented to demonstrate the transition between the smooth and the discontinuous regimes.

Uncertainty analysis of atmospheric friction torque on the solid Earth

The wind stress acquired from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） climate models and QSCAT satellite observations are analyzed by using frequency-wavenumber spectrum method. The spectrum of two climate models, i.e., ECMWF and NCEP, is similar for both 10 m wind data and model output wind stress data, which indicates that both the climate models capture the key feature of wind stress. While the QSCAT wind stress data shows the similar characteristics with the two climate models in both spectrum domain and the spatial distribution, but with a factor of approximately 1.25 times larger than that of climate models in energy. These differences show the uncertainty in the different wind stress products, which inevitably cause the atmospheric faction torque uncertainties on solid Earth with a 60% departure in annual amplitude, and furtherly affect the precise estimation of the Earth＇s rotation.

EFFECT OF VISCOSITY OF LUBRICANT IN FRICTION

The movement of lubricated fibres in a fibre assembly is investigated theoretically and aviscous sliding model of friction is proposed.Previous work and experimental results are discussedin relation to the model.Results of drawing experiments carried out on wool slivers are also pres-ented and discussed.

EFFECT OF OPENING OPERATING PARAMETERS ON YARN QUALITY IN FINE AND MEDIUM COUNT FRICTION SPINNING

In this paper, a quantitative analysis of the opening quality in friction spinning and its main ef-fecting factors is first made. Upon this basis the Box-Hunter’s experimental design method is usedto establish the quadratic regressional equations in terms of primary opening technologicalparameters and yarn quality for medium and fine count friction spinning. The results of analysisand discussion show that the proper choice of opening roller speed and its reasonable match withthe yarn count is singificant for ensuring the spinning quality index as well as reducing unevenness,thin and thick places of the yarn.

Frictional contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials with thermal effect

A dynamic contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials with thermal effects is investigated. The contact is bilateral, and the friction is modeled with Tresca＇s friction law with heat exchange. A variational formulation of the model is derived, and the existence of a unique weak solution is proved. The proofs are based on the classical result of nonlinear first order evolution inequalities, the equations with monotone operators, and the fixed point arguments. Finally, the continuous dependence of the solution on the friction yield limit is studied.

Comparison of fatigue property between friction stir and TIG welds

The alloy 5052 was welded by friction stir welding （FSW） and tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding. The effect of welding processes （FSW and TIG） on the fatigue properties of 5052 aluminum-welded joints was analyzed based on fatigue testing, and the S-N curve of the joints were established. The results show that the fatigue properties of FSW welded joints are better than those of TIG welded joints. The fatigue strength is determined as 65 MPa under 106 cycling of fatigue life. The microstructure of joints is fine grains and narrow HAZ zone in FSW welds, which inhibit the growth of cracks and produce high fatigue life compared with that of TIG welds. Fracture morphologies also show that the fatigue fracture results from weld defects.

焊接参数对LY12铝合金FSW焊缝S曲线形成的影响

在铝合金中镶嵌标识材料进行搅拌摩擦焊试验,分析了焊缝中S曲线的形成原因;并用圆锥光面搅拌针的搅拌头,研究了焊接工艺参数对LY12铝合金焊缝中S曲线形貌的影响.结果表明,焊缝中S曲线是原始界面与其周边金属一起位移、变形的结果;S曲线的形状取决于焊缝上部金属的旋转运动、搅拌针与原焊接面之间的相互作用以及焊缝底部金属朝远离焊缝中心线的方向和板材上方移动的综合作用.对于圆锥光面搅拌针,当焊接速度一定时,增大搅拌头的旋转速度;或当搅拌头旋转速度一定时,降低焊接速度,S曲线在焊缝厚度方向的贯穿区域减小并最终消失.

20mm厚6063铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝S曲线控制

针对6063铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝中易出现"S"曲线的问题,在采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接20 mm厚6063铝合金散热器的过程中,使用气体保护,成功消除了6063铝合金搅拌摩擦焊中易形成的"S"曲线,获得了成形良好的焊缝组织,焊缝的平均抗拉强度达到148.83 MPa,焊接强度系数为母材的81.9%.通过分析焊缝的微观组织,发现焊核区发生了完全动态再结晶,组织为细小的等轴晶粒.热力影响区发生明显塑性变形,发生不同程度的动态再结晶,晶粒发生明显长大.热影响区受焊接热循环影响,发生了微观组织和力学性能变化,但没有发生塑性变形,晶粒发生粗化.

受大面积堆载影响负摩擦桩的Q-S曲线分析

针对在大面积堆载情况下,工程桩部分桩身会因周边土体沉降出现负摩阻力从而改变工程桩的承载特性这一问题,通过对中性点和负摩阻力的分析,提出了从场地工程试验桩Q-S曲线来获得受负摩阻力作用下工程桩的Q-S曲线的方法.采用桩筏有限元软件对工程实例进行了计算分析,验证了该方法的可行性.结果表明,中性点深度的确定是获得负摩擦桩Q-S曲线的关键,不同深度的中性点可以得到不同的Q-S曲线;在相同荷载作用下,中性点深度越深,负摩擦桩越早于正常工作桩屈服,筏板基础的沉降和桩身最大轴力越大.从场地工程试验桩的Q-S曲线来获得受负摩阻力作用下工程桩的Q-S曲线的方法,为大面积堆载下受负摩阻力作用工程桩的承载力设计提供了依据.

S线缺陷对搅拌摩擦焊接头断裂机制的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术对9 mm厚的7N01铝合金进行对接焊接,焊后对接头进行拉伸试验,并通过声发射设备进行监测。根据接头的力学性能、声发射信号特征、断口形貌及金相组织等,分析S线缺陷对接头断裂机制的影响。结果表明:S线缺陷降低了接头的屈服强度和抗拉强度,在拉伸过程中,S线的扩展会导致持续时间的声发射信号明显增大。存在S线缺陷的接头拉伸断口平滑,塑性变形能力变差。

高速列车用散热片搅拌摩擦焊接头中S曲线控制策略

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对底板厚度为20mm的6063-T5铝合金散热片进行了拼接实验。由于焊件所特有的高效散热结构,使焊接区温度梯度大,热量损失严重,导致焊缝横截面出现S形曲线。通过分析焊缝横截面S形曲线的形成机制,采取两条应对控制策略,优化工艺参数,最终得到成型美观、内部无缺陷的FSW焊缝。此研究成果对采用FSW进行同类型铝合金的焊接有重要的指导意义。

基于权值改进D-S理论的对空目标识别融合

针对传统证据理论证据高冲突性问题,提出了一种基于权值改进型Dempster-Shafer(DS)理论的对空目标识别方法。在研究D-S证据理论数学模型基础上,依据泛函距离空间理论,更新计算各个传感器的信度函数可靠性权值,对各个传感器的基本概率赋值函数进行修正,最后利用D-S合成公式对各个传感器进行融合判决。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。

6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊“S”线的形成及其对接头组织性能的影响

对4 mm厚的6082-T6铝合金采用板材无间隙和组对板材有对接间隙两种方式焊接,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM),拉伸试验和显微硬度仪研究了"S"线形成原因及对力学性能的影响。结果表明:"S"线的形成源于板材对接面的氧化膜,无间隙焊接时不会产生"S"线,而有对接间隙焊接时则会形成特有的"S"线。无间隙接头抗拉强度达到268.1 MPa,高于有对接间隙焊接,两种方式焊接接头断裂均位于前进侧热影响区,接头显微硬度分布呈"W"形,硬度最小值位于前进侧热影响区。

桩入土前后软土地基P_s值的对比试验研究

软土中摩擦桩承载力随时间而增加的现象,早已为人们所认识。从20世纪40年代以来,国内外岩土工程界惯用静荷载法,对不同类型、不同长度的桩,在不同土层中进行对比试验,获得了软土中摩擦桩承载力随时间而增加的实际资料。笔者结合工程实践,应用静力触探法,进行桩入土前后Ps值增加的对比试验研究。根据Ps值的增幅,计算不同土层中桩侧摩阻力的增幅,而后确定摩擦桩承载力随时间而增长的幅度。同时,可以根据Ps值的增幅,判定砂性土层液化指数的降幅和Es的增幅。

有机玻璃循环韧性与S-N曲线频率响应规律

测定了有机玻璃Polymethry methacrylate(PMMA)在1 Hz、2.5 Hz和5 Hz下拉-拉疲劳试验的弹性滞后环,用高精度红外热像仪记录不同频率下试样的升温曲线。发现加载频率对单次循环的内耗无显著影响,试样温度随单位时间内耗累积频次的增加而升高。用Weibull公式对试验结果拟合得到不同频率下的S-N曲线,公式中参变量S'f、Sac及b的绝对值随加载频率的增加而减小,且分别与频率呈对数线性、线性和指数规律变化。给出了描述疲劳寿命Nf随加载应力幅Sa和加载频率f变化的f-S-N三维曲面定量关系式。

鲁迈拉S型定向井降摩减扭技术

为降低鲁迈拉S型定向井摩阻扭矩,针对鲁迈拉地质特点和钻井难点,建立了井眼轨道曲线计算模型,并开展了三项提速技术试验。从而确定了轨道剖面为五段制,最优井眼曲率为2.85~3（°）/30 m、最大井斜角为30°。对于水平位移大于500m或Mishrif层定向钻进的S型定向井采用旋转导向系统钻进可缩短钻井周期3 d以上,而其余的井则推荐采用常规定向＋水力震荡器组合方式,可提高机械钻速35%以上,缩短钻井周期1 d以上。通过3种液体润滑剂和超细石墨固体润滑剂的优选复配与应用,裸眼内摩阻因数由0.52降至0.35,套管内摩阻因数由0.35降至0.28。通过上述技术的综合研究与应用,鲁迈拉S型定向井实际顶驱扭矩降低30%以上,尤其是随着井深和水平位移的不断增加,部分井扭矩降低近150%,机械钻速提高37.73%。