Low-temperature thermochronology is a widely used tool for revealing denudation histories of mountain ranges. Although this technique has been applied mainly to continental orogens, such as the European Alps, Himalaya...Low-temperature thermochronology is a widely used tool for revealing denudation histories of mountain ranges. Although this technique has been applied mainly to continental orogens, such as the European Alps, Himalayas, and Andes, recent technological development of low-temperature thermochronology has made it applicable to a wider variety of mountain ranges with various sizes and tectonic histories. The Japanese Islands comprise young and active island arcs, where an early stage of mountain range formation is observed. Numerous attempts have been made to constrain the uplift and denudation histories of the mountains in the Japanese Islands using geologic, geomorphologic, or geodetic methods. However, the number of thermochronometric attempts has been limited primarily due to the small amount of total denudation since the initiation of the uplift. In this review paper, we introduce the tectonic and geomorphic settings of the mountain ranges in the Japanese Islands, and discuss previous attempts to estimate uplift or denudation of the Japanese mountains using methods other than ther- mochronology. Furthermore, we discuss problems of the thermochronometric applications in revealing denudation histories of the Japanese mountains. Finally, we present a case study of the Kiso Range in central Japan and discuss the current effectiveness and applicability of low-temperature thermochronology to the Japanese mountainous areas.展开更多
D-dopachrome tautomerase(DDT),a member of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)protein superfamily,is a newly described cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics.However,research on fish DDT remains limit...D-dopachrome tautomerase(DDT),a member of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)protein superfamily,is a newly described cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics.However,research on fish DDT remains limited.In this study,we identified a DDT homolog(LjDDT)from the Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus.Sequence analysis showed that LjDDT had typical sequence features of known DDT and MIF homologs and was most closely related to DDT of rock bream(Oplegnathus fasciatus).LjDDT transcripts were detected in all tested tissues of healthy Japanese sea bass,with the highest expression found in the liver.Upon infection with Vibrio harveyi,LjDDT transcripts were significantly down-regulated in the three tested tissues,including the liver,spleen,and head kidney.Recombinant LjDDT(rLjDDT)and the corresponding antibody(anti-rLjDDT)were subsequently prepared.The administration of 100μg/g anti-rLjDDT had a statistically significant protective effect on the survival of V.harveyi-infected fish.Moreover,rLjDDT was able to induce the migration of monocytes/macrophages(MO/MФ)and lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo,but without significant influence on the migration of neutrophils.rLjDDT exhibited chemotactic activity for lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated M1-type MO/MΦin vitro,but not for cAMP-stimulated M2-type MO/MΦ.Furthermore,the knockdown of LjCD74,but not LjCXCR4,significantly down-regulated the rLjDDT-enhanced migration of MO/MΦand relieved the rLjMIF-inhibited migration of MO/MΦ.These results indicate that LjCD74 may be the major chemotactic receptor of LjDDT and LjMIF in Japanese sea bass MO/MΦ.Combined rLjDDT+rLjMIF treatment had no significant effect on the migration of MsiRNA,LjCD74si-,or LjCXCR4sitreated MO/MΦcompared to the control group,suggesting that the roles of LjDDT and LjMIF may be antagonistic.In conclusion,our study demonstrates for the first time that DDT may play a role in the immune responses of fish against bacterial infection through chemotactic recruitment of MO/MΦvia mediation of CD74 as an antagonist of MIF.展开更多
Several preclinical and clinical studies suggested that tramadol has a multi-mechanistic analgesic action. Upon in vitro evaluation, tramadol parent drug was determined to have only very weak affinity for opioid recep...Several preclinical and clinical studies suggested that tramadol has a multi-mechanistic analgesic action. Upon in vitro evaluation, tramadol parent drug was determined to have only very weak affinity for opioid receptors. Metabolism via CYP2D6, though, yields the O-desmethyl metabolite (M1), which has much greater opioid receptor affinity. In tests in animals and human volunteers, tramadol’s analgesic effect is only partially blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Yet the contribution of parent drug to analgesia is still debated. Observance of good analgesic response to tramadol in Japanese and other Asian populations that express the CYP2D6*10 genotype suggests that parent drug accounts for the majority of tramadol’s analgesic effect in most clinical settings. Understanding of tramadol’s multi-mechanistic action continues to form the basis for understanding its clinical attributes.展开更多
The news that Mr. Seiei Toyama was critically ill came from the Engebei Desert Control Committee of Inner Mongolia on February 26, 2004. And at 9 a.m. the next day came the sad news that the old man had passed away. T...The news that Mr. Seiei Toyama was critically ill came from the Engebei Desert Control Committee of Inner Mongolia on February 26, 2004. And at 9 a.m. the next day came the sad news that the old man had passed away. The people of Inner Mongolia were grief-stricken at losing such a respectful old friend who had been building lasting friendship between the Chinese and Japanese people with his deeds.展开更多
基金supported by a Grantin-Aid for Scientific Research by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to Hiroyuki Tsutsumi(Grant No.20650155)Grant-inAid for Research by Tokyo Geographical Society to Shigeru Sueoka (research title:uplift and denudation history of the Akaishi Range based on low-temperature thermochronometric methods)
文摘Low-temperature thermochronology is a widely used tool for revealing denudation histories of mountain ranges. Although this technique has been applied mainly to continental orogens, such as the European Alps, Himalayas, and Andes, recent technological development of low-temperature thermochronology has made it applicable to a wider variety of mountain ranges with various sizes and tectonic histories. The Japanese Islands comprise young and active island arcs, where an early stage of mountain range formation is observed. Numerous attempts have been made to constrain the uplift and denudation histories of the mountains in the Japanese Islands using geologic, geomorphologic, or geodetic methods. However, the number of thermochronometric attempts has been limited primarily due to the small amount of total denudation since the initiation of the uplift. In this review paper, we introduce the tectonic and geomorphic settings of the mountain ranges in the Japanese Islands, and discuss previous attempts to estimate uplift or denudation of the Japanese mountains using methods other than ther- mochronology. Furthermore, we discuss problems of the thermochronometric applications in revealing denudation histories of the Japanese mountains. Finally, we present a case study of the Kiso Range in central Japan and discuss the current effectiveness and applicability of low-temperature thermochronology to the Japanese mountainous areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772876)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ18C190001)+1 种基金Scientific Innovation Team Project of Ningbo(2015C110018)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘D-dopachrome tautomerase(DDT),a member of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)protein superfamily,is a newly described cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics.However,research on fish DDT remains limited.In this study,we identified a DDT homolog(LjDDT)from the Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus.Sequence analysis showed that LjDDT had typical sequence features of known DDT and MIF homologs and was most closely related to DDT of rock bream(Oplegnathus fasciatus).LjDDT transcripts were detected in all tested tissues of healthy Japanese sea bass,with the highest expression found in the liver.Upon infection with Vibrio harveyi,LjDDT transcripts were significantly down-regulated in the three tested tissues,including the liver,spleen,and head kidney.Recombinant LjDDT(rLjDDT)and the corresponding antibody(anti-rLjDDT)were subsequently prepared.The administration of 100μg/g anti-rLjDDT had a statistically significant protective effect on the survival of V.harveyi-infected fish.Moreover,rLjDDT was able to induce the migration of monocytes/macrophages(MO/MФ)and lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo,but without significant influence on the migration of neutrophils.rLjDDT exhibited chemotactic activity for lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated M1-type MO/MΦin vitro,but not for cAMP-stimulated M2-type MO/MΦ.Furthermore,the knockdown of LjCD74,but not LjCXCR4,significantly down-regulated the rLjDDT-enhanced migration of MO/MΦand relieved the rLjMIF-inhibited migration of MO/MΦ.These results indicate that LjCD74 may be the major chemotactic receptor of LjDDT and LjMIF in Japanese sea bass MO/MΦ.Combined rLjDDT+rLjMIF treatment had no significant effect on the migration of MsiRNA,LjCD74si-,or LjCXCR4sitreated MO/MΦcompared to the control group,suggesting that the roles of LjDDT and LjMIF may be antagonistic.In conclusion,our study demonstrates for the first time that DDT may play a role in the immune responses of fish against bacterial infection through chemotactic recruitment of MO/MΦvia mediation of CD74 as an antagonist of MIF.
文摘Several preclinical and clinical studies suggested that tramadol has a multi-mechanistic analgesic action. Upon in vitro evaluation, tramadol parent drug was determined to have only very weak affinity for opioid receptors. Metabolism via CYP2D6, though, yields the O-desmethyl metabolite (M1), which has much greater opioid receptor affinity. In tests in animals and human volunteers, tramadol’s analgesic effect is only partially blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Yet the contribution of parent drug to analgesia is still debated. Observance of good analgesic response to tramadol in Japanese and other Asian populations that express the CYP2D6*10 genotype suggests that parent drug accounts for the majority of tramadol’s analgesic effect in most clinical settings. Understanding of tramadol’s multi-mechanistic action continues to form the basis for understanding its clinical attributes.
文摘The news that Mr. Seiei Toyama was critically ill came from the Engebei Desert Control Committee of Inner Mongolia on February 26, 2004. And at 9 a.m. the next day came the sad news that the old man had passed away. The people of Inner Mongolia were grief-stricken at losing such a respectful old friend who had been building lasting friendship between the Chinese and Japanese people with his deeds.
