Relationship Between Plant Type and Grain Quality of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China

Plant type and grain quality are two major aspects in rice breeding. Using canonical correlation analysis and canonical redundancy analysis, the relationship between plant type traits and rice grain quality traits was studied with 100 crosses derived from 10 sterile lines × 10 restorer lines. There was a complex relationship between parts of the traits of the two aspects. The angle of the 2nd leaf from the top and single panicle weight played important roles in plant type system and amylose content and grain length in grain quality system. The angle of the 2nd leaf from the top, plant height and single panicle weight had a great effect on grain quality traits, and amylose content, brown rice rate and translucency were easily influenced by plant type traits. Selection index model indicated that japonica hybrid rice in Northern China with good quality was characterized by broad flag leaf and 2nd leaf from the top, narrow and short 3rd leaf from the top, low plant height, short culm, long and more panicles and low single panicle weight.

A Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between the Indica-Japonica RAPD Differentiation of Parents and Heterosisin Dian Type Hybrid Rice

The relationship between the indica-japonica differentiation of parents and heterosis of hybrid in rice was studied with 10 sterile lines, 10 maintainer lines of the sterile lines, 38 restorer lines of Dian type hybrid rice and 40 hybrids derived from the sterile lines and restorer lines. The results indicated that there was a parabolic correlation between the indica-japonica differentiation of parents detected by RAPD markers and heterosis of hybrid rice. When certain indica-japonica differentiation of parents exists, the percentage of combinations with positve heterosis and the mean heterosis of hybrids were high. But that didn't mean too much difference of parents could lead to stronger hetesosis, that meant overdiffernt parents seldom bring positve het-erotic hybrids. Suitable difference of percent of indica alleles of parents of stronger heterotic hybrid was 12 -16%.

Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China

Late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids series （LMYS） have shown great yield potential, and are being widely planted in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. Knowledge about suitable growing zone and evaluation of yield advantage is of practicall importance for LMYS in this region. Fifteen LMYS, two high-yielding inbred japonica check varieties （CK-J） and two high-yielding hybrid indica check varieties （CK-I） were grown at Xinghua （119.57°E, 33.05°N） of Lixiahe region, Yangzhou （119.25°E, 32.30°N）of Yanjiang region, Changshu （120.46°E, 31.41°N）of Taihu Lake region, and Ningbo （121.31°E, 29.45°N） of Ningshao Plain in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that maturity dates of the 15 were later than the secure maturity date at Xinghua and 6, 14 and 15 LMYS were mature before the secure maturity date at Yangzhou, Changshu and Ningbo, respectively. One variety was identified as high-yielding variety among LMYS （HYYS） at Yangzhou, 8 HYYS in 201：3 and 9 HYYS in 2014 at Changshu, 9 HYYS at Ningbo. HYYS here referred to the variety among LMYS that was mature before the secure maturity date and had at least 8% higher grain yield than both CK-J and CK-I at each experimental site. Grain yield of HYYS at each experimental site was about 12.0 t ha-1 or higher, and was significantly higher than CK varieties. High yield of HYYS was mainly attributed to larger sink size due to more spikelets per panicle. Plant height of HYYS was about 140 cm, and was significantly higher than check varieties. Significant positive correlations were recorded between duration from heading to maturity stage and grain yield, and also between whole growth periods and grain yield. HYYS had obvious advantage over check varieties in biomass accumulation and leaf area duration from heading to maturity stage. Comprehensive consideration about safe matudty and yield performance of LMYS at each experimental site, Taihu Lake region （representative site Changshu） and Ningshao Plain （representative site Ningbo） were thought suitable growing zones for LMYS in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main factors underlying high yield ofHYYS were larger sink size, higher plant height, longer duration from heading to maturity stage and whole growth periods, and higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during grain filling stage.

Genetic Analysis on Plant Type of Northern Japonica Hybrid Rice

This study was designed to analyze the genetic relationship of the morphological traits of the northern japonica hybrid rice. The genetic relationship of the morphological traits of the 100 cultivars combined by the 10 sterile lines and the 10 restore lines was studied by using the principle component analysis and the SAS and QGA. The results showed that compared with the female parent, most of the morphological traits related closely to their father. The additive genetic effect and the dominant genetic effect appeared significantly, and the former was more significant than the latter. Genetic correlation analysis indicated that high plants or high plants with more leaves were in favor of improving the number and the weight of the spike and producing the hybrid vigor. The important factors influencing the plant type of the northern japonica hybrid rice were the plant height （PH）, the angle of the flag leaf （FLA）, flag leaf length （FLL）, and the weight of the shoots and leaves （SLW）, respectively. The morphological traits system of the northern japonica hybrid rice was very complex, and the restore line should be given more importance compared with the sterile line, and PH, FLA, FLL, and SLW should be considered first in the plant type breeding.

Relationships of Panicle Type Index with Subspecies Characteristics and Yield Traits in Filial Generation of Crosses between Indica and Japonica Rice

Two recombinant inbred line （RIL） populations, one derived from a cross between Zhongyouzao 8 （indica） and Toyonishiki （japonica） and the other from a cross between Qishanzhan （indica） and Akihikari （japonica）, were grown in Liaoning and Sichuan Provinces, China, to study the panicle type index （PTI, the ratio of a number of node position on panicle axis where the secondary branch with the most numerous secondary branch grains is located to the number of primary branches） and its relationships with subspecies characteristics and yield traits. With continuous distribution of PTI and numerous of lines with different PTIs in the progenies, indica-japonica hybridization could be a method for breeding cultivars with ideal panicle type. PTI was significantly influenced by environments, with a significant decrease from Liaoning to Sichuan A significantly negative correlation was found between PTI and most of subspecies characteristics. PTI varied remarkably with different subspecies types. As a whole, it showed a trend of indica （H）〉indicalinous （H＇）〉japonicalinous （K＇）〉japonica （K） However, it is not appropriate to regard PTI as a parameter for subspecies classification in rice because it was recombined in the filial generations of cross between indica and japonica rice. The negative correlations were found between PTI and most of panicle characteristics, as well as yield-related traits. Based on PTI, most of lines from the two populations were middle dominant panicle type （the number of grains on the secondary branch is numerous in middle position of the panicle） and lower dominant panicle type （the number of grains on the secondary branch is numerous in lower position of the panicle and becomes less towards the top of panicle） with significant yield advantages.

氮素水平对籼粳杂交稻产量和贮藏蛋白的影响

氮素对稻米蛋白质含量的影响研究颇广,但籼粳杂交稻强弱势粒蛋白组分的积累动态、蛋白质分布及其对氮素的响应鲜有报道。以两个籼粳杂交稻(甬优12和甬优17)为材料,设置4个氮肥水平,即N0(不施氮)、低氮(100 kg·hm^(-2))、中氮(200 kg·hm^(-2))和高氮(300 kg·hm^(-2)),比较了产量、粒型、强弱势粒干物质积累与贮藏蛋白的积累特征。结果显示,施氮显著提高两品种的产量以及蛋白质含量,但品种间对氮素响应存在差异。甬优12在低氮下就能获得较高产量,且其蛋白质积累对氮素响应也较稳定,能实现高产优质的平衡。低氮对粒型无显著影响,高氮显著降低长宽比,导致粒重轻微下降。醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白积累过程存在此起彼伏的现象,从而维持总蛋白的相对平衡。弱势粒蛋白质含量高于强势粒,但因其粒重小导致总积累量仍然低于强势粒。贮藏蛋白主要富集在籽粒外层胚乳中,甬优17对氮素响应较甬优12更敏感。研究结果可为籼粳杂交稻的高产优质栽培技术提供理论依据。

杂交粳稻超高产栽培技术的研究

以杂交粳稻新组合“榆杂２９”两年的超高产实践为研究内容，探讨该组合超高产的技术路线和主要的栽培技术措施．研究表明：１“榆杂２９”的超高产技术路线有两条．２超高产需要肥沃的水稻土和科学的施肥、管理技术．３超高产的群体最大叶面积指数仍在孕穗期，达９．２６～９．５８４超高产的关键措施：培育壮秧，适时早栽、施足促蘖肥，及时促控、增施钾肥、磷肥、保健栽培．

优质抗病滇型杂交粳稻滇杂32的选育与应用

滇型杂交粳稻组合滇杂 3 2是用育性稳定的滇Ⅰ型不育系黎榆A和优质抗病恢复系南 3 4组配育成 ,具有杂种优势强、丰产性好、米质优、抗稻瘟病、适应性广等特点。 2 0 0 2年 7月通过云南省农作物品种审定。介绍了该组合的选育过程、特征特性。

滇型杂交稻产量及其产量结构性状的配合力及遗传力分析

以生产上广为应用的9个粳稻不育系和8个粳稻恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）设计,对其F1产量及其产量结构性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明,这些性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到显著或极显著水平。单株产量、穗总粒数、有效穗主要受非加性效应的影响,实粒数、结实率同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,千粒重主要受加性效应的影响。单株产量、穗总粒数、结实率受不育系影响较大,而实粒数、千粒重、有效穗受恢复系的影响较大。高配合力的亲本是选育强优势组合的重要基础,高产量的杂交组合的选育和不育系的选择至关重要。农艺性状的狭义遗传力由大到小依次为结实率、实粒数、千粒重、总粒数、有效穗、单株产量,变幅在51.34%~13.10%之间。不育系以滇粳优2号A、合系41A、滇粳优5-1A、大理香谷A较好,有较大的应用潜力。恢复系以南34、香糯选、南29选和南34选较好。

滇型杂交粳稻及其亲本稻米铁、锌元素含量的分析

分析了208份滇型(滇1型)杂交粳稻(杂交稻及其恢复系和保持系)稻米的铁、锌元素含量。结果表明,这些材料的铁、锌含量的变幅很大,糙米、精米的铁含量分别为14.49～38.06mg·kg-1和5.50～27.81mg·kg-1;锌含量分别为11.64～42.39mg·kg-1和10.95～36.74mg·kg-1。糙米的铁、锌含量分别是精米的2.11倍和1.23倍。糙米和精米中锌元素含量的相关系数为0.684,铁的相关系数为0.271。铁含量与锌含量在糙米间存在显著正相关。铁含量与锌含量在稻米中的遗传机制可能不一样。无论是糙米还是精米,恢复系平均含锌量均显著高于保持系。同一亲本(保持系或恢复系)配制的不同杂交组合都有高于或不低于亲本含量的组合。虽然杂交稻亲本(保持系或恢复系)稻米铁、锌含量分别与其杂交稻的铁、锌含量没有明显的相关性,大部分杂交稻稻米的铁、锌含量居于双亲含量之间,但有少数组合的铁或锌含量超亲明显。因此,选配富铁、锌的杂交组合是非常可能的。

滇型杂交粳稻亲本种质资源抗瘟性研究

１９９３～１９９６年，测定了８０６份滇型杂交粳稻种质资源的抗瘟谱，筛选出抗谱较广的材料６４份。探讨了恢复系对杂种Ｆ１抗瘟性的贡献，提出了利用恢复系进行杂交粳稻抗病基因布局来控制稻瘟病发生的育种对策。

粳型杂交稻超高产光合生产研究

用作物群体物质生产研究法对粳型杂交稻“榆杂２９”超高产的光合生产进行研究，结果表明：粳型杂交稻产量１５ｔ／ｈｍ￣２的群体生产率（ＣＧＲ）１９．７～２５．３ｇ／ｍ￣２·ｄ．ＣＧＲ变化在同一地区呈相同变化趋势，不同海拔地点的ＣＧＲ存在差异。超高产的ＣＧＲ变化特点是齐穗后１０天至成熟出现第二个峰值（２４．５～４２．７ｇ／ｍ￣２·ｄ）；孕穗期叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）达最大值９．２６～９．５８，抽穗后２０天仍保持较高值的ＬＡ１５．９９～７．４３．本田期平均净同化率（ＮＡＲ）３３３～４．８Ｉｇ／ｍ￣２·ｄ，提高本田期两头的ＮＡＲ是粳型杂交稻超高产的关键。超高产与组合的不落粒性、灌浆期长、穗大有关。超高产的技术路线有两种，构成产量的光合产物形成有区别。

滇型杂交稻碾磨品质和外观品质的配合力及遗传力分析

以生产上广为应用的9个粳稻不育系和8个粳稻恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）设计,对其F1代8个碾磨品质性状和外观品质性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明,这些性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了显著或极显著水平。精米率、整精米率、精米宽、垩白粒率、垩白度同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,糙米率、精米长、长宽比主要受基因加性效应的影响。糙米率、精米率、整精米率、精米长、精米宽、长宽比、垩白粒率、垩白度受不育系影响较大。要选育碾磨品质和外观品质好的杂交组合,不育系的选择至关重要。品质性状的狭义遗传力由大到小依次为长宽比、粒长、垩白度、垩白粒率、粒宽、糙米率、精米率、整精米率,变幅在74.93%－30.48%。不育系以滇榆1号A、滇粳优5-1A、合系22-2A、玉溪香谷A较好,恢复系以南34、滇昆香1号、杂8号、南34选较好。

滇型杂交粳稻新组合滇杂33的选育与应用

滇杂33是用滇Ⅰ型不育系榆密15A与新育成的优良恢复系滇农R-3组配而成的滇型杂交粳稻新组合,具有杂种优势强、丰产性好、米质较优、适应性广等特点,2004年10月通过云南省农作物品种审定。介绍了该组合的选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点。

北方杂交粳稻株型与稻米品质性状的关系

为明确株型与稻米品质的关系,将株型育种与优质育种有机结合,运用典型相关分析及典型冗余分析等方法,以10个不育系与10个恢复系配组的100个杂交粳稻为材料,研究了株型与稻米品质间的关系。结果表明株型与部分米质性状之间关系密切;倒2叶基角、单穗重在株型性状体系中起重要作用;直链淀粉含量及粒长在米质性状体系中起重要作用。倒2叶基角、株高和单穗重对米质性状影响较大;直链淀粉含量、糙米率和透明度对株型性状影响较大。选择指数模型表明米质较优的北方杂交粳稻的株型为：剑叶、倒2叶较宽,倒3叶较短且窄,株高偏矮,秆长较短,穗子较长,穗数较多且单穗重较轻。

红莲型不育细胞质在杂交粳稻育种中的应用

为了探讨红莲型不育细胞质应用于杂交粳稻育种的可能性,利用包台(BT)型、红莲(HL)型、茶野(CL)型、野败(WA)型等4种细胞质的同核异质不育系六千辛A与181个粳稻亲本测交,根据测交F1的小穗育性,筛选HL型粳稻恢复系。在此基础上,对筛选出的HL型粳稻恢复系与更多HL型不育系复测,并进行不同细胞质杂交粳稻的比对试验。研究结果表明:1)HL型和CL型不育系的恢、保关系十分一致,测交F1小穗育性间的相关性达极显著水平。2)HL型和CL型粳稻不育系的可恢性虽不如BT型不育系,但明显优于WA型粳稻不育系;以测交F1小穗育性达到85%以上作为选择标准,从BT型恢复系和广亲和恢复系中筛选出25个HL型(CL型)粳稻恢复系。3)不育系的核背景对杂种育性有影响,HL型六千辛A可恢性最好,其次为HL型陵香A,HL型珍5A可恢性最差。4)与BT型不育系配制的杂种相比,HL型和CL型不育系配制的杂种育性稳定性相对较差。5)HL型不育系配制的杂种与BT型、WA型不育系配制的杂种在播种至抽穗历期、株高、产量及品质性状上均无明显差异;HL型不育系配制的杂交粳稻结实率正常,与BT型不育系配制的杂种无明显差异,明显高于WA型不育系配制的杂种。说明HL型不育细胞质应用于杂交粳稻育种是可行的。

滇型不育系和恢复系的配合力分析

用生产上广为应用的9个粳稻不育系和8个粳稻恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,对其F1代10个农艺性状的配合力进行了分析。结果表明,10个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)水平。单株产量、穗总粒数、有效穗主要受非加性效应的影响,实粒数、结实率、着粒密度同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,千粒重、穗长、株高、播抽历期主要受加性效应的影响。单株产量、穗总粒数、结实率、穗长、着粒密度受不育系影响较大,而实粒数、千粒重、有效穗、株高、播抽历期受恢复系的影响较大。高配合力的亲本是选育强优势组合的重要基础,要选育高产量的杂交组合,不育系的选择比较重要。不育系以滇粳优2号A、合系41A、滇粳优5-1A、大理香谷A较好,有较大的应用潜力。恢复系以南34、香糯选、南29选和南34选较好。

滇型杂交粳稻主要亲本的SSR指纹图谱及其遗传差异分析

用筛选的13对SSR引物,构建了41个水稻品种(包括35份滇型杂交粳稻恢复系、保持系材料、2个杂交种以及4个籼稻品系)的分子指纹图谱。聚类分析表明,41个水稻品种间遗传相似系数在0.52～0.94之间;在相似系数0.52处,可以将粳稻与籼稻区分开;在相似系数0.66处,可将杂交粳稻与其它粳稻品系区分开;在相似系数0.71处,又可将大部分恢复系与保持系区分开。生产中应用的一些强优势滇型杂交粳稻的亲本分别聚于不同的类群,表明亲本间的遗传差异较大。

我国杂交粳稻的发展及其技术策略

阐述了北方杂交粳稻的生态优势和杂种优势及人们喜粳嫌籼食味的变化 ,介绍了杂交粳稻“北上”、“南下”取得的进展和存在问题 ,提出当前杂交粳稻进一步发展应采取“籼粳架桥”

滇型杂交稻亲本籼粳分化与杂种优势关系的初步研究

以滇型杂交稻不育系 10个、相应的保持系 10个和恢复系 38个 ,以及由上述不育系和恢复系组配的 4 0个杂交种为试材 ,研究了亲本材料的RAPD籼粳分化程度与杂种优势的关系。结果表明 ,亲本籼粳差异与产量杂种优势存在抛物线的关系。利用籼粳分化存在一定差异的亲本杂交 ,易得到正向优势组合 ,平均杂种优势较强 ;但并非双亲籼粳分化差异越大越好 ,双亲差异过大则不易获得正向优势组合 ,使杂种优势减弱 ,甚至为负。双亲籼稻成分差值以 12 %～ 16