Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons,motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.

基于三次修正Jensen尾流模型的海上风电场布局优化

目前修正的Jensen尾流模型均没有同时修正尾流初始半径和尾流初始风速,无法准确预测海上风电场的实际尾流风速。基于二次修正Jensen尾流模型基础上,提出三次修正Jensen尾流模型,并通过海上风电场风洞实验数据验证该修正尾流模型的正确性。其次,考虑全尾流及部分尾流面积,将该三次修正Jensen尾流模型应用到海上风电场的布局优化中,以风力机的坐标及数量为优化变量,以度电成本为优化目标函数,并利用樽海鞘算法对海上风电场的风力机布局进行优化设计。优化结果表明:对比采用改进Jensen模型指导风电场布局,采用三次修正Jensen模型时,风电场的布局更加均匀;对比考虑全尾流的布局,当考虑部分尾流布局时,度电成本降低了2.16%。

Study on comparison of different methods to calculating sensitivity index of Jensen model

Real coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm （RAGA）, Chaos Algorithm （CA） were used to solve the sensitivity index of Jensen model which is one of models of crop water production function. After comparing with the outcome of Least Square Regression （LSR）, the result showed that RAGA not only had high accuracy and more effective, but also saved calculating time. The authors provides new effective methods for calculating index of crop water production function.

A Model of Grand Unified Theory: Suggested Solution for CP-Violation Using Ideas of Phase Paths

This study demonstrates that beyond standard model (BSM) cosmic fundamental interactions—weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces—can be unified through a common basis of representation. This unification allows for the derivation of the fine structure constant with running points of α(t) ≈ 1/(136.9038) at high energy scales, based on electroweak interactions. Through the application of the Ising model, the running point of the elementary charge e at high energy scales is determined, and Coulomb’s law is actually derived from the Yukawa potential. Theoretically, based on S. Weinberg’s electroweak interaction theory, this study unifies the strong and electromagnetic forces by representing them with rYuka, and further advances the reconstruction of the SU(3)C×SU(1)L×U(1)EMframework on the basis of electroweak interaction concepts. In fact, the cosmic fundamental forces can interchange at the mass gap, defined as the Yukawa turning phase at rYuka ≃1.9404 fm, with the SU(3)Diag structural constant fijk on glueballs calculated, estimating a spectrum mass gap of ∆0 > 0.

Evaluating the role of large language models in inflammatory bowel disease patient information

This letter evaluates the article by Gravina et al on ChatGPT’s potential in providing medical information for inflammatory bowel disease patients.While promising,it highlights the need for advanced techniques like reasoning+action and retrieval-augmented generation to improve accuracy and reliability.Emphasizing that simple question and answer testing is insufficient,it calls for more nuanced evaluation methods to truly gauge large language models’capabilities in clinical applications.

Solving the Olbers’s Paradox, Explaining the “Red-Shift”, and Challenging the Relativities by “Sun Matters Theory” and “Sun Model of Universe”, an Evolution of the Einstein’s Static Universe Model

Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.

Hubble Tension Explanation from This Cosmological Model AΛΩ (Slow Bang Model, SB)

In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of the evolution of space-time as well as an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms. We find an explanation of the Hubble tension H0. Indeed, we have seen that this constant depends on the transceiver pair which can vary from the lowest observable value, from photons of the CMB (theoretical [km/s/Mpc]) to increasingly higher values depending on the earlier origin of the formation of the observed galaxy or cluster (ETG ~0.3 [Gy], ~74 [km/s/Mpc]). We have produced a theoretical table of the values of the constant according to the possible pairs of transmitter/receiver in the case where these galaxies follow the Hubble flow without large disturbance. The calculated theoretical values of the constant are in the order of magnitude of all values mentioned in past studies. Subsequently, we applied the models to 9 galaxies and COMA cluster and found that the models predict acceptable values of their distances and Hubble constant since these galaxies mainly follow the Hubble flow rather than the effects of a galaxy cluster or a group of clusters. In conclusion, we affirm that this Hubble tension does not really exist and it is rather the understanding of the meaning of this constant that is questioned.

Analysis of Porter’s Five Forces Competitive Model in China’s Property Rights Trading Market

In recent years,China’s property rights trading market has been extremely competitive,but there are also new contradictions and challenges.This paper aims to analyze the external and internal competitive market of the property rights market through Porter’s five forces competition model,then find out the problems and defects in the development,thereby promoting the better development and progress of China’s property rights trading market.

Exploring the role of N-acetyltransferases in diseases:a focus on N-acetyltransferase 9 in neurodegeneration

Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular processes.Close to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and localization.In this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in diseases.Furthermore,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule stability.We have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.We have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.

Model-Free Ultra-High-Dimensional Feature Screening for Multi-Classified Response Data Based on Weighted Jensen-Shannon Divergence

In ultra-high-dimensional data, it is common for the response variable to be multi-classified. Therefore, this paper proposes a model-free screening method for variables whose response variable is multi-classified from the point of view of introducing Jensen-Shannon divergence to measure the importance of covariates. The idea of the method is to calculate the Jensen-Shannon divergence between the conditional probability distribution of the covariates on a given response variable and the unconditional probability distribution of the covariates, and then use the probabilities of the response variables as weights to calculate the weighted Jensen-Shannon divergence, where a larger weighted Jensen-Shannon divergence means that the covariates are more important. Additionally, we also investigated an adapted version of the method, which is to measure the relationship between the covariates and the response variable using the weighted Jensen-Shannon divergence adjusted by the logarithmic factor of the number of categories when the number of categories in each covariate varies. Then, through both theoretical and simulation experiments, it was demonstrated that the proposed methods have sure screening and ranking consistency properties. Finally, the results from simulation and real-dataset experiments show that in feature screening, the proposed methods investigated are robust in performance and faster in computational speed compared with an existing method.

非充分灌溉制度制定过程中Jensen模型的求解与应用

探讨了利用 Jensen模型制定非充分灌溉制度的建模思路 ,给出了 Jensen模型的二维动态规划求解方法 ,并研制了二维非充分灌溉制度的程序 ,其结果与实验相吻合 ,可用于指导农业灌溉和生产。

冬小麦水分生产函数Jensen模型敏感指数的研究

根据冬小麦返青后田间水量平衡估算出田间作物实际腾发量和最大腾发量,由此,对水分生产函数Jensen分阶段连乘模型中的敏感指数进行了拟合分析。研究表明,Jensen模型中的敏感指数与作物生长阶段以及该阶段长短占总生长期的比例有关,但冬小麦返青后各阶段的敏感指数的累计值可以表示为时间t的一元函数,且与阶段划分无关,由该函数可得到任一阶段的敏感指数值。分析结果还表明,Jensen模型可以较好地反映作物田间耗水量与产量的关系。

Jensen模型水分敏感指数的新定义及其解法

在总结已有的作物水分生产函数Jensen模型研究工作的基础上,针对以往研究中水分敏感指数与生育阶段划分密切相关的问题,对Jensen模型进行了改造,提出了水分敏感指数的新定义。并在Jensen模型水分敏感指数的累加性分析的基础上,提出了确定Jensen模型水分敏感指数及累积曲线的更为简洁的新方法,新方法得到了田间试验的验证并与传统方法有很好的一致性。

中国主要农作物分生育期Jensen模型研究

通过对农作物分生育期水分生产函数研究分析,明确了Jensen模型在反映分生育期耗水量与产量关系中有较好的表现形式。在此基础上,利用中国灌溉试验资料数据库和一些地区灌溉试验站有关灌溉制度资料。建立了中国各地区主要农作物的Jensen模型,并且对模型的特点以及在应用中可能存在的一些问题进行了探讨。

棉花水分生产函数Jensen模型敏感指数累积函数研究

根据试验资料 ,对Jensen模型水分敏感指数的求取方法、最高产量及其对应的阶段蒸发蒸腾量的选取和生育阶段的划分等问题进行了初步分析。研究表明 :求解水分敏感指数时 ,可用试验条件下的实际最高产量及其对应的阶段蒸发蒸腾量去代替模型中的最大产量及其对应的蒸发蒸腾量 ;推求棉花水分敏感指数的时间阶段以生育期划分才能与棉花的生物学特性密切结合 ,从而反映棉花不同生育阶段的需水特性 。

基于Jensen模型的红枣水分生产函数及敏感指数研究

【目的】研究滴灌条件下红枣各生育期水分亏缺对产量的影响,明确红枣各生育期水分敏感指数和关键需水期。【方法】通过对红枣各生育期不同水分亏缺处理,分析红枣灌水量和耗水量、耗水量和产量的关系,分析各生育期内水分亏缺对产量的显著性影响。根据红枣产量和不同生育阶段的耗水量关系,建立基于Jensen模型的水分生产函数,利用转换方程组解出相关参数。【结果】红枣水分敏感指数(萌芽展叶期0.089;开花坐果期0.324;果实膨大期0.392;成熟期0.068)。【结论】果实膨大期为影响产量的需水关键期,萌芽展叶期和成熟期水分亏缺对产量影响小。

Rock skeleton models and seismic porosity inversion

By substituting rock skeleton modulus expressions into Gassmann approximate fluid equation, we obtain a seismic porosity inversion equation. However, conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions are quite different from each other, resuling in different seismic porosity inversion equations, potentially leading to difficulties in correctly applying them and evaluating their results. In response to this, a uniform relation with two adjusting parameters suitable for all rock skeleton models is established from an analysis and comparison of various conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions including the Eshelby-Walsh, Pride, Geertsma, Nur, Keys-Xu, and Krief models. By giving the two adjusting parameters specific values, different rock skeleton models with specific physical characteristics can be generated. This allows us to select the most appropriate rock skeleton model based on geological and geophysical conditions, and to develop more wise seismic porosity inversion. As an example of using this method for hydrocarbon prediction and fluid identification, we apply this improved porosity inversion, associated with rock physical data and well log data, to the ZJ basin. Research shows that the existence of an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir is dependent on a moderate porosity range, which means we can use the results of seismic porosity inversion to identify oil reservoirs and dry or water-saturated reservoirs. The seismic inversion results are closely correspond to well log porosity curves in the ZJ area, indicating that the uniform relations and inversion methods proposed in this paper are reliable and effective.

r次幂平均s-凸函数及其Jensen型不等式

考虑了函数的凸性及其广义凸性,提出并研究了r次幂平均s-凸函数,讨论了它的若干判定定理及运算性质,建立了其Jensen型不等式,并给出了Jensen型不等式的等价形式及推论.研究结果表明,r次幂平均s-凸函数是算术凸函数(凸函数)、几何凸函数、调和凸函数、平方凸函数、调和平方凸函数以及r-平均凸函数的推广,为研究新的凸函数和推广拓展凸函数概念探索了一条新途径.

非充分灌溉制度对Jensen模型的敏感性分析

分析了非充分灌溉中作物各生育阶段最优耗水量及产量对Jensen模型的敏感性。基于灌溉制度优化模型,构建了非充分灌溉制度对Jensen模型的敏感度计算公式,并以北京永乐店试验站1998～1999年度冬小麦的水分生产函数为例,进行了非充分灌溉制度对Jensen模型的敏感性分析。结果表明:1Jensen模型参数λi的波动对最优灌溉制度以及产量的计算结果影响较小;2与返青—拔节、灌浆—成熟阶段相比,拔节—孕穗、孕穗—灌浆阶段的最优耗水量计算结果受参数λi波动的影响比较小;3与返青—拔节、灌浆—成熟阶段相比,拔节—孕穗、孕穗—灌浆阶段的Jensen模型参数λi波动对各阶段最优耗水量及产量的计算结果影响较小。

冬小麦水肥生产函数的Jensen模型和人工神经网络模型及其应用

作物水肥生产函数研究是非充分灌溉理论的重要内容,也是提高农田水、肥利用效率的基础。在作物水分生产函数Jensen模型的基础上,引入肥料因子构造了水肥生产函数的Jensen模型;同时构造了作物水肥生产函数的人工神经网络模型。利用北京地区冬小麦田间试验资料对以上2个模型进行了分析,表明以上模型均可用于描述水分、肥料等因素对作物产量的影响,进而可对作物产量进行预测,且模型都具备一定的精度。