An experiment with six treatments: CK1 (rainfed), CK2 (irrigated with freshwater), and 4 treatments of saline aquaculture effluent blended with brackish groundwater at different ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 (v/v) ...An experiment with six treatments: CK1 (rainfed), CK2 (irrigated with freshwater), and 4 treatments of saline aquaculture effluent blended with brackish groundwater at different ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 (v/v) was carried out during 2004 to assess the effect of saline aquaculture effluent on plant growth and soil properties in the Laizhou region, Shandong Province, China and to determine an optimal salinity threshold for aquaculture effluent. Cumulative evapotranspiration for the saline aquaculture effluent irrigation and non-irrigation treatments was lower than that for the freshwater irrigation treatment. Soil electrical conductivity was higher with respect to saline aquaculture effluent irrigation treatment compared to that with respect to non-irrigation or freshwater irrigation treatment. For Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), in comparison to the freshwater treatment, plant height and aboveground biomass for the 1:3 and 1:4 treatments were constrained, whereas stem width and root biomass were enhanced. Concomitantly, higher tuber yield was obtained for the 1:3 and 1:4 treatments compared to that for CK1 and 1:1 treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in tubers of the 1:4 treatment. This study demonstrated that saline aquaculture effluent could be used successfully to irrigate Jerusalem artichoke with higher tuber yield and nutrient removal.展开更多
以硝酸镍和偏钨酸铵为前驱体,活性炭(AC)为载体,通过等体积浸渍氢气还原法分别制备Ni-W2C/AC和Ni/AC催化剂,利用N2吸附仪、XRD、TEM、TG和XRF等对催化剂及原料进行表征。釜式反应器中,对催化剂催化果糖或果糖基能源植物菊芋根茎制备多...以硝酸镍和偏钨酸铵为前驱体,活性炭(AC)为载体,通过等体积浸渍氢气还原法分别制备Ni-W2C/AC和Ni/AC催化剂,利用N2吸附仪、XRD、TEM、TG和XRF等对催化剂及原料进行表征。釜式反应器中,对催化剂催化果糖或果糖基能源植物菊芋根茎制备多元醇高附加值化合物进行评价。结果表明,相同反应温度下,与间歇进料方式相比,泵注入方式能进一步提高1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率。以果糖为底物,泵速0.5 m L·min-1条件下,氢气起始压力4.0 MPa、温度245℃时,1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率分别为41.4%和18.7%,二者总收率较间歇进料增加17.9个百分点;以菊芋根茎为底物,氢气起始压力3.5 MPa、温度255℃时,1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率分别为37.7%和27.4%,二者总收率较间歇进料增加10.7个百分点。结合果糖、葡萄糖分子在氢气气氛下进行的逆羟醛缩合和加氢过程,分析泵注入进料提高1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率的主要原因。展开更多
目前,菊芋机械化收获过程中的清选及输送等环节作业参数设定缺乏适用的理论依据,以收获期菊芋根-块茎为研究对象,基于离散元方法建立了一种能反映根须柔性和块茎脱落力学特性的粘结模型并对其相关参数进行了标定。首先通过物理试验确定...目前,菊芋机械化收获过程中的清选及输送等环节作业参数设定缺乏适用的理论依据,以收获期菊芋根-块茎为研究对象,基于离散元方法建立了一种能反映根须柔性和块茎脱落力学特性的粘结模型并对其相关参数进行了标定。首先通过物理试验确定了菊芋根-块茎本征参数、基本接触参数及相关力学参数,然后在此基础上利用Hertz-Mindlin with bonding V2接触模型构建了菊芋根-块茎粘结模型,并通过单因素试验和响应曲面试验,分别标定了菊芋根颗粒之间和根与块茎颗粒之间法向粘结刚度、切向粘结刚度、临界法向应力、临界切向应力等粘结模型参数。菊芋根须三点弯曲及根-块茎拉伸试验结果表明,根须弯曲弹性模量仿真结果与实际测量值相对误差为4.29%;菊芋根-块茎抗拉力仿真结果与实际测量值相对误差为7.72%;菊芋块茎脱落试验结果表明,仿真试验与菊芋收获机实际田间作业相比,滚筒筛转速对菊芋块茎脱落率影响趋势一致,筛内物料筛分规律相符。所构建的菊芋根-块茎模型可用于菊芋机械化收获相关环节的分析研究。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30470331)
文摘An experiment with six treatments: CK1 (rainfed), CK2 (irrigated with freshwater), and 4 treatments of saline aquaculture effluent blended with brackish groundwater at different ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 (v/v) was carried out during 2004 to assess the effect of saline aquaculture effluent on plant growth and soil properties in the Laizhou region, Shandong Province, China and to determine an optimal salinity threshold for aquaculture effluent. Cumulative evapotranspiration for the saline aquaculture effluent irrigation and non-irrigation treatments was lower than that for the freshwater irrigation treatment. Soil electrical conductivity was higher with respect to saline aquaculture effluent irrigation treatment compared to that with respect to non-irrigation or freshwater irrigation treatment. For Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), in comparison to the freshwater treatment, plant height and aboveground biomass for the 1:3 and 1:4 treatments were constrained, whereas stem width and root biomass were enhanced. Concomitantly, higher tuber yield was obtained for the 1:3 and 1:4 treatments compared to that for CK1 and 1:1 treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in tubers of the 1:4 treatment. This study demonstrated that saline aquaculture effluent could be used successfully to irrigate Jerusalem artichoke with higher tuber yield and nutrient removal.
文摘以硝酸镍和偏钨酸铵为前驱体,活性炭(AC)为载体,通过等体积浸渍氢气还原法分别制备Ni-W2C/AC和Ni/AC催化剂,利用N2吸附仪、XRD、TEM、TG和XRF等对催化剂及原料进行表征。釜式反应器中,对催化剂催化果糖或果糖基能源植物菊芋根茎制备多元醇高附加值化合物进行评价。结果表明,相同反应温度下,与间歇进料方式相比,泵注入方式能进一步提高1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率。以果糖为底物,泵速0.5 m L·min-1条件下,氢气起始压力4.0 MPa、温度245℃时,1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率分别为41.4%和18.7%,二者总收率较间歇进料增加17.9个百分点;以菊芋根茎为底物,氢气起始压力3.5 MPa、温度255℃时,1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率分别为37.7%和27.4%,二者总收率较间歇进料增加10.7个百分点。结合果糖、葡萄糖分子在氢气气氛下进行的逆羟醛缩合和加氢过程,分析泵注入进料提高1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇收率的主要原因。
文摘目前,菊芋机械化收获过程中的清选及输送等环节作业参数设定缺乏适用的理论依据,以收获期菊芋根-块茎为研究对象,基于离散元方法建立了一种能反映根须柔性和块茎脱落力学特性的粘结模型并对其相关参数进行了标定。首先通过物理试验确定了菊芋根-块茎本征参数、基本接触参数及相关力学参数,然后在此基础上利用Hertz-Mindlin with bonding V2接触模型构建了菊芋根-块茎粘结模型,并通过单因素试验和响应曲面试验,分别标定了菊芋根颗粒之间和根与块茎颗粒之间法向粘结刚度、切向粘结刚度、临界法向应力、临界切向应力等粘结模型参数。菊芋根须三点弯曲及根-块茎拉伸试验结果表明,根须弯曲弹性模量仿真结果与实际测量值相对误差为4.29%;菊芋根-块茎抗拉力仿真结果与实际测量值相对误差为7.72%;菊芋块茎脱落试验结果表明,仿真试验与菊芋收获机实际田间作业相比,滚筒筛转速对菊芋块茎脱落率影响趋势一致,筛内物料筛分规律相符。所构建的菊芋根-块茎模型可用于菊芋机械化收获相关环节的分析研究。
