Comparative Analysis of Metaphors of “Flowers” in English and Chinese Poetry from the Perspective of Cognitive Metaphor Theory

Poetry,as a crucial form of literary expression,often employs metaphor as a common rhetorical device.According to the perspective of cognitive metaphor theory,metaphor transcends its traditional linguistic boundaries and is recognized as a profound cognitive mechanism,manifesting as a broader cognitive phenomenon.This article is based on metaphorical examples of“flowers”in Chinese and English poetry,carefully selecting representative cases for in-depth analysis.The aim is to compare the imagery of“flowers”in Chinese and English poetry,observe their similarities and differences,thereby fostering a better understanding of poetry in both languages.Through this study,we not only delve into the intricacies of metaphor within poetry but also shed light on the distinct interpretations of the symbol of“flowers”in different cultural contexts,expanding our appreciation for the cultural diversity inherent in poetry.

Mastering Metaphors: A Possible Path to Understand Modern Poetry

Understanding modern poetry is a big problem for average readers because of all kinds of rhetorical devices filled with them,especially metaphors,which are hard for the readers to understand clearly.Thus,grasping metaphors would provide a possible solution to enhance the understanding of modern poetry.Based on the motivation to better understand modern poetry,the paper explores the 11 mechanisms of metaphors in modern poetry with examples in detail,i.e.,blending,mapping,frame shifting,image schema,conceptual integration,contextual grounding,inter-subjectivity,embodied cognition,recursiveness,juxtaposition,shape-moulding,by borrowing some concepts from Cognitive Linguistics,literary studies,and Rhetorics,which can be adopted as means and methods to understand modern poems.

Chinese Sources for AfterWards:From Premodern Poetry,Paintings,and Medical Texts to Modern Novels,Film,and Documentaries

This paper focuses on Chinese sources suggested for a narrative medicine(NM)program,called AfterWards.Dr Lauren Small established AfterWards in 2014 and has been coordinating it since out of the Pediatrics Department at Johns Hopkins Medicine.In early 2019,she started giving a series of lectures and workshops about AfterWards to Chinese medical educators and clinicians in Beijing and Shanghai.She created an AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide based on Western-language sources for workshop participants.She also started to organize with Jiang Yuhong(Peking Union Medical College)a workshop for Chinese colleagues to be held at Johns Hopkins Medicine in October 2019.They invited the author to participate.The idea was hatched then to develop Chinese source materials following the AfterWards structure for an updated Facilitator’s Guide that Dr Small had initially written.A typical one-hour AfterWards session consists of a specific five-part structure:a literary text or artwork,an associated theme,discussion topics,a writing exercise,and shared reflection.While the content of the program always changes from session to session,the basic structure remains the same.This paper summarizes the types of Chinese sources and their related narrative-medicine themes that were originally selected for inclusion in the updated AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide intended for Chinese colleagues.These sources about coping with sick family members,aging,and illness ranged from the textual(classical Chinese poems on aging and diagnostic forms for training students)and visual(premodern Chinese paintings and murals of medical encounters)to the fictive(novels)and performative(contemporary Asian-American film in English and Chinese-language film and documentaries).

On the Significance of Poetry in ChatGPT Era

ChatGPT is essentially a technical tool.However,unlike the previous technical tools,it is more anthropomorphic and can be taken as another deepening of application of digital technology in human life.Its advantages are beyond all doubt.Its deeper limitation and possible harm lie in that it will alienate natural people’s thinking and psychology of receiving world information,to certain extent.To overcome the new split between rationality and sensibility brought by ChatGPT,we need stronger and more independent natural creativity of human beings,and poetry is the best way to cultivate this creativity of human beings.There are three ways for poetic thinking to strengthen human creativity:creatively understand and use content of the dialogue with ChatGPT with poetic thinking;integrate poetic thinking and machine thinking;have to create a new way of thinking in the era of ChatGPT,by transcending machine thinking through poetic thinking.

The Power of Poetry

Writing a poem might not be part of the development of young students,but if it makes them dream,learn more about literature,and get an understanding of the diversity of the world,then it has important meaning.

Research on English Canadian Poetry in China,1982-2022:A Comprehensive Overview

The study of English Canadian poetry in Chinese academia began with translation in the 1950s.However,due to the country’s unique social,historical and cultural circumstances,the research stalled for approximately two decades before picking up again in the 1980s.Since the 1980s,it has transitioned from a process of pure translation to the combination of translation and criticism,meanwhile,the research perspectives and contents demonstrate a tendency of richness and diversification.The major findings suggest that,despite current emphasis on regional and national literary studies in Chinese academia,English Canadian poetry is still not received much attention.This study aims to investigate and review the research trends and focus of English Canadian poetry in China from 1982 to 2022 and to point out its achievements and limitations.

A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

A Survey of English Translation Studies of Lu You’s Poetry Based on the Data Analysis of Domestic Academic Journals (2001-2022)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry, utilizing a data sample comprising research papers published in the CNKI Full-text Database from 2001 to 2022. Employing rigorous longitudinal statistical methods, the study examines the progress achieved over the past two decades. Notably, domestic researchers have displayed considerable interest in the study of Lu You’s English translation works since 2001. The research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry reveals a diverse range of perspectives, indicating a rich body of scholarship. However, several challenges persist, including insufficient research, limited translation coverage, and a noticeable focus on specific poems such as “Phoenix Hairpin” in the realm of English translation research. Consequently, there is ample room for improvement in the quality of research output on the English translation of Lu You’s poems, as well as its recognition within the academic community. Building on these findings, it is argued that future investigations pertaining to the English translation of Lu You’s poetry should transcend the boundaries of textual analysis and encompass broader theoretical perspectives and research methodologies. By undertaking this shift, scholars will develop a more profound comprehension of Lu You’s poetic works and make substantive contributions to the field of translation studies. Thus, this article aims to bridge the gap between past research endeavors and future possibilities, serving as a guide and inspiration for scholars to embark on a more nuanced and enriching exploration of Lu You’s poetry as well as other Chinese literature classics.

资治通鉴与政府统计研究

由北宋史学家司马光编撰的《资治通鉴》包含丰富的统计数据,涵盖户籍人口、赋税徭役、军情战报、农业生产等诸多方面,是研究我国古代政府统计演变历程极为宝贵的史料基础。为总结历史经验,汲取历史智慧,本文基于对《资治通鉴》中统计活动、统计数据、统计思想和统计方法的细致钩沉与深入解读,聚焦典型案例,突出数据治理,从政府统计工作组织开展情况、政府统计的主要内容,以及防范和惩治统计造假等三个部分对五代及以前时期我国政府统计的状况加以刻画与总结。研究发现:我国古代政府统计起步时间早,渐趋成熟和稳定;统计工作历来备受重视,日益成为国家治理的有效工具和相关决策的重要基础;统计造假问题时有发生,防范和惩处力度较大;统计数据的收集利用程度与经济社会状况高度相关;统计与其他领域深度融合,专门的统计问题研究较为欠缺。

毛泽东《清平乐·六盘山》译者群体行为研究

20世纪50年代末,毛泽东诗词被译成多种文字在全世界广泛传播,涌现出不同的译者群体。然而,译者作为翻译的主体,却一直未受到足够的重视。本文以译者行为批评理论为指导,聚焦毛泽东《清平乐·六盘山》一词,将翻译此词的译者视为同一译者群体,从翻译外和翻译内两个层次出发,全面地、客观地分析同一译者群体的不同译者在两个翻译层次上行为的共性和个性,从而提升这一理论的实践指导价值,以进一步指导和阐释翻译实践。

清代诗歌的复杂性生成背景与可能性研究进路

清诗是在清代社会历史的土壤上生成的,历史的复杂性决定了诗人情感世界的复杂,诗思书写的复杂。作为一种“复杂关系”中的个体,清代诗人们的创作由身世而及民生,由家国而及社会,由种教而及民族,内容极为丰富,且作品数量庞大。在中国古代诗史的最后一个阶段,往代诗歌发展的每一个知识板块都由川流而成江河,造就出一个规模巨大的诗歌王国。这个诗歌王国至今尚存在很多未知因素,有很多需要探索、垦拓的领域。在现有条件下开展清诗研究,应重视清代诗人天下观、国家观、民族观的变化,于新的文化理念中展开古今通变的思考,并注意对应具体现象和问题,去采取有效方法,寻求可能进路。

陇南诗碑题壁诗与陇蜀“诗教”类文献的流传

散见于陇南各地诗碑与题壁中的诗作,数量较多,诸体兼备,作者属于官员、本地乡贤或游陇者群体。就其题材内容而言,除游宴抒怀、题咏陇南人文景观的篇什外,颂扬历代先贤乡哲、教化人心是其重要的方面。这些作品绝大多数不见于史传,但体现了陇蜀地域“诗教”类文献流传的重要文学文化价值,在赓续地方文脉、承载诗教化育、补史存诗文献、资于地方文旅等方面价值突出。对继承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化,坚定历史自信、文化自信具有重要现实意义。

小学古诗词跨学科教学问题与策略

古诗词教学在提升小学生语文核心素养中发挥着重要作用,跨学科学习是小学古诗词教学的一种行之有效的方式。通过对广东省115名小学语文教师进行问卷调查,发现当前小学开展古诗词跨学科教学时存在如下问题:部分跨学科教学流于形式;教学形式单一,缺乏创新性;教学实施过程中脱离小学生学情。教师可通过熟悉跨学科学习任务群内容,明确把握跨学科学习的教学目标;多角度提升综合素养,创新跨学科教学形式;了解其他学科的课标内容,找准符合学情的跨学科教学关联点等策略,为小学古诗词跨学科教学提质增效。

论“X一代”亚裔美国诗歌之创新性诗学实践

20世纪80年代至今,“X一代”亚裔美国诗人一直活跃在美国诗坛,积极进行诗歌形式与风格的创新,丰富了当代英语诗歌的语言表征和美学表达。本文聚焦于“X一代”亚裔美国诗歌中的创新性诗学实践,考察亚裔美国诗歌的语言创新、碎片化叙事,以及“空白”的视觉呈现。这些实践突破了既定的语言规范,革新了诗歌的视觉效果,既再现了亚裔美国人复杂的移民历史和族裔经验,又挑战了美国社会固有的权力关系,为亚裔美国诗歌发展赋予了新的美学意义和现实意义。

以文为诗,以诗为词,以古为律:清代诗话的破体观念论析

清代诗话是清代文体史料及文体批评的渊薮,其中破体观念在清诗话文体理论中又最为突出和独具特色。目前学界整理的煌煌16册174种清诗话中论及以文为诗、以诗为词、以古为律及其对立范畴以诗为文、以词为诗、以律为古等破体批评的诗话就多达63部,贯穿整个清代诗话史和诗学史。清代诗学史上具有重要学术地位的学者诸如王夫之、叶燮、王士祯、沈德潜、赵翼、翁方纲、潘德舆等,在对相关破体范畴进行文体批评时,往往褒贬倾向不一,或肯定,或否定,或辩证看待,引发了旷日持久的学术争鸣,并在演进递嬗中形成了系统的破体观念体系,堪称中国古代破体理论的集大成和总结者。这对于纵向观照和比较研究宋元明诗话破体观念具有重要的文体批评史学术价值和理论意义。

图书馆古籍智慧服务探析——兼谈辽宁古代诗文智慧项目构建

文章分析古籍智慧服务现状,指出其面临古籍资源分散、知识库难构建,数据库兼容性、整合性、开放性、交互性不足的困境,强调古籍智慧服务应有序推进且应与本地社会经济文化发展密切融合,并以辽宁古代诗文智慧项目构建为例,从项目构想、项目流程、功能模块、效果评价4个方面阐述对图书馆古籍智慧服务的认识与思考。

周代酒精神的演变脉络——以《诗经》为中心的考察

从以抵抗酒的礼乐精神立国,到不断无礼饮酒而致使礼崩乐坏,周王朝的命运始终与酒捆绑在一起。从《颂》《雅》到《风》,《诗经》清晰地反映了西周以来对酒态度的变化,周文化随着饮酒精神的变化而呈现同步演变。周公制定《酒诰》,确立了周人饮酒的精神基调。从《周颂》《大雅》中祭祀饮酒、孝亲饮酒,到《小雅》《风》中私人宴饮,从以礼饮酒到以酒解忧、以酒和乐,饮酒由公共事务逐渐变为个体行为,酒的功能也逐渐由口腹享受转变为调理身心。为悦友或解忧等私人性饮酒、醉酒逐渐增多,既远离《酒诰》精神,也不断冲击着礼乐制度。特别是随着宴饮频繁举行,人们对醉酒的态度由规避到接受,甚至饮酒不醉反被耻笑,对醉酒的态度完全被颠覆。酒逸出礼乐之外,标志着周朝的制度与精神双重解体。如何安顿张扬欲望而充满反叛性的酒,成为春秋以降的时代课题。

乐府诗的文本传播与汉魏五言诗的体式建构

文人五言诗体是在汉魏时期音乐与语言双重规定和双向建构中形成的。汉武帝“立乐府而采歌谣”,以及民间乐府在汉代宫廷的广泛传播,是五言体生成的基础和源泉。相和三调等乐府演唱艺术的曲式结构对五言体篇制结构的形成产生了重要影响,五言体乐府的文辞本在文人中的广泛传播以及文人对乐府文辞本的雅言翻写,确立了五言句式的典范地位,再经魏晋文人在诗歌创作中的提炼和抽象,五言体最终得以确立。文人五言诗体的形成虽涉及音乐与语言的双向建构、雅言与俗语的交流互动、文人文化圈与民间文化圈的互渗与交融等多种因素,但贯穿始终的是人们在文事活动中对五言体的选择和群体确认。文人五言诗的体式是音乐文化、汉语发展和文人群体规范等因素综合作用的结果。

“人心即道”:杨简对“本心”的自觉与诠释

基于象山的启发,杨简在对扇讼之事的反观中自觉“本心”,并以“人心即道”的提出开启了他的心学之路。对“本心”的诠释,杨简承袭了先儒的形上思维,却展开了对本体建构的反思:一方面肯定“心”之“无所不通”,强调“心”对天地万物的照见与感通;另一方面则明确“心”之“虚明”“无体”,取消了对“心”的实体建构。不同于程朱对宇宙本体的确立,也有别于象山对价值实体的内化,杨简没有将“心”视为独立于事物的实体,而是强调“心”之发用照映天地万物。基于切己反观,杨简意识到对道德的践行不在于对价值实体的探究,而在于觉知自身“本心”的自然发用,在“虚明洞照”下照见物我“一体”的真实存在,从而展现对道德的切实践行。