The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. How-ever, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts: land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system per-forms better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Comprehensive Control Measures and Effect Evaluation of Groundwater Over-exploitation Areas in High-tech Zone,Jining in 2020

Groundwater over-exploitation is a major problem in groundwater development, utilization and protection. At present, the area of shallow groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone is 76 km^(2). In this study, the system and mechanism construction, engineering measure construction, and control effect of national comprehensive control project of groundwater over-exploitation areas in the High-tech Zone in 2020 were evaluated, and the comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone in the year was summarized to provide effective basis for the continuous implementation of comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation. At the same time, the water-saving and exploitation reduction effect and generalizability of different measures were studied to provide useful reference for other over-exploitation areas.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness Based on Evaluation of Urban Competitiveness of Dongguan City:A Case Study of Songshan Lake High-tech Zone

Based on the theoretical system of urban competitiveness,the evaluation model of urban competitiveness from the perspective of competition and cooperation was established.According to the significance index and explanatory index,the urban competitiveness was divided into urban comprehensive competitiveness(UC),urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).The scores and rankings of UC,NC and EC in 2006,2010 and 2015 were obtained by conducting the comprehensive evaluation of the urban competitiveness of Dongguan City with integrated usage of the principal component analysis and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and the data of other 20 cities in Guangdong province,Hong Kong and Macao.The research showed that the competitiveness of Dongguan City has been greatly improved during the decade of 2006–2015,and the regional cities in Guangdong Province had significant differences,which are reflected in the two dimensions of urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).Based on this,this study further analyzed Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from two dimensions of NC and EC,and took Dongguan Songshan Lake High-tech Zone as an example to study how to promote Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from the industrial level.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

High-tech Industrial Zones Take Lead in Industrial Innovation

China’s 56 leading high-tech industrial zones have led the country’s industrial innovation, playing an important role in the nation’s social and economic development, a government statement said on Jan 1.

江阴高新区科创载体发展现状及优化建议

文章以江阴高新区为代表,分析园区科创载体建设情况,梳理总结高新区科创载体发展现状,从载体承载能力、孵化功能、运营水平、社会参与、专业性载体建设等方面对载体建设问题进行剖析,从提升载体专业水平、布局建设海外孵化器、完善金融服务、注重绩效考核评价4个方面提出对策建议,旨在推动高新区科创载体高质量发展。

中国城市化进程中的增长联盟和反增长联盟——以江阴经济开发区靖江园区为例

在增长联盟的理论视角下,以江阴经济开发区靖江园区为例,从参与者互动和联盟形成过程两个理论角度审视了中国城市化进程中的增长联盟与反增长联盟。在理论上丰富了我国城市中地方政府—企业增长联盟的研究。研究也发现,在城市化进程中出现的农民自发抵制增长的活动已经逐渐形成反增长联盟。其原因主要包括土地征用、不合理的拆迁政策和农民缺乏就业渠道。本研究的发现可为健康城市化和促进农村人口的转移提供启迪。

跨界的城市增长——以江阴经济开发区靖江园区为例

近年来,长江三角洲的一些城市出现了资源耗竭或紧缺的问题,由此引发了城市间合作共建工业区和开发区的新现象。因为在此类工业园区中也往往伴随着行政管理权力在合作城市之间的转移,所以这种城市合作的创新可以被视作跨界的城市增长。本研究在增长联盟的理论视角下对江阴经济开发区靖江园区的跨界城市增长进行了研究,深入探讨了各级地方政府、企业、地方媒体和农民四种参与者在联盟形成中的作用和互动。研究在理论上证实了城市尺度以上增长联盟的存在,丰富了增长联盟理论。在对中国城市政治的研究上,研究发现地方政府和企业结成的增长联盟已经在中国城市中出现。同时,农民结成的反增长联盟也在不断壮大,这主要是由于土地征用、缺乏就业机会和不合理的拆迁安置造成的。江阴—靖江的经验与问题也将为其他城市的跨界发展提供借鉴。

福建江阴岛岩相潮间带生态的研究

江阴岛岩相潮间带生物共鉴定70种,其中藻类17种、多毛类2种、软体动物38种、甲壳动物9种、其它类4种.日本鳞笠藤壶、白脊藤壶、紧卷蛇螺和白条地藤壶为群落优势种,采用优势种显著度公式测得其数量优势显著度分别为0.3474、0.2529、0.2158和0.1632.群落结构的垂直分化明显,呈现的四个生物带分别为:滨螺带,白脊藤壶-白条地藤壶-黑荞麦蛤带,日本鳞笠藤壶-棘刺牡蛎带和紧卷蛇螺-褶瘤海鞘生物带.

长江干流岸线缓冲带生态构建方案研究-以长江江阴段为例

河流生态缓冲带指河流与陆地之间一定区域内的立体植被带。缓冲带生态构建是驻点跟踪研究推进长江经济带水生态环境改善的重要措施之一,对长江生态保护修复具有重要意义。基于土地利用遥感分析,得出长江干流江阴岸线缓冲带主要存在岸线开发强度高、水质难以稳定达标、生境破碎化严重、生物多样性较低等生态环境问题。针对上述问题,提出缓冲带分区分类生态构建方案:自然生境保护段以生态保护为主,可作为缓冲带生态构建的参照状态;生境生态修复段以块石抛岸带和废弃码头带为例,营造生境条件,恢复以芦苇为建群种的水生植物群落,起到截留污染和恢复生态景观的效果;城镇生境维持段因地制宜,采用生态沟塘、下凹式绿地等措施进行污染物的截留和净化。方案可为长江下游干流岸线缓冲带生态规划与建设提供参考和借鉴。同时研究表明,2006年起江阴市人均GDP超过10000美元,即超过环境库兹涅茨曲线倒U形的拐点,江阴市于2012年率先启动沿江产业结构调整以及江阴岸线缓冲带生态建设,该过程符合环境库兹涅茨曲线。

“飞地园区”的领域重构--基于三种类型飞地园区的实证研究

飞地园区建设是实现区域协同发展的重要举措,近年来受到国家鼓励。从领域重构的视角出发,选取江阴靖江工业园区、深汕特别合作区、安徽江北产业集中区分别作为合作型、行政型、空降型3类飞地园区的典型案例,探究飞地园区领域重构的机制及成效,以期在微观尺度上拓展领域理论的应用,为飞地园区的建设提供经验借鉴。研究发现,行政力和市场力共同推动飞地园区的领域重构,城市空间转型和制度空间重构是领域重构的重要形式。不同类型飞地园区的建设成效存在差异,良好的市场基础、稳步推进的城市空间建设和协调高效的权力体系是园区长远发展的关键。

Planning Method of Non-Development Zone in Southern Jiangyin

Jiangyin was the earliest to conduct Non-development zone planning and has attracted the attention of people all over China because it is regarded as the Chinese version of Smart Growth. The planning process is as follows. Based on SPOT and TM satellite remote sensing images develop a regional land use map with high precision using artificial interpretation methods. Then, according to the relationship between anti-development suitability and disasters, agriculture, ecology, built-up area distribution and other geographical factors, generate a comprehensive evaluation chart of anti-development suitability using GIS analysis, such as buffer analysis and overlay analysis. Later, with a regional land use map and anti-development suitability evaluation chart, using the principle of ecological security network and learning from the management experience of nature reserves, draw the scope of Non-development zone and core area. Last, put forward a series of protective measures for the above Non-development zone, that is only allowed to develop agriculture and tourism, strictly restricted industrial projects and urban real estate activities, and all existing industrial factories must be moved to planned industrial parks. This is good practice whereby local governments keep land resources for future generations and more advanced than an urban expansion strategy. This method is very useful for promoting land use layout optimization in Southern Jiangsu Developed Areas.

Planning mode and realization path of regional characteristic ecoindustrial park

Starting from the regional characteristic industrial park planning plan,a horizontal comparison of domestic and foreign typical urban regional industrial park planning cases is carried out,and the commonalities characteristics are analyzed to explore the regularity and universality of the Tonghua urban characteristic industrial park.Under the guiding principles for planning and development of ecological industrial parks,the city’s resource advantages,industry goals and positioning are studied and analyzed from the perspectives of the government,market,and enterprises.It is pointed out that the government should formulate policies,regulations and the construction of characteristic industrial parks in combination with new planning methods.The market should build industrial parks with the support of industrial stimulus and technological innovation.Finally,it summarizes the realization path of regional characteristic industrial parks from five aspects:positioning and goals,ways to achieve goals,profit models,customers and values,basic advantages and exclusive resources.