Rediscovery of the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China

DEAR EDITOR, The sun bear, Helarctos malayanus （Raffles, 1821）, is a forest- dependent bear species distributed in tropical Southeast Asia. The species was previously reported from scattered localities in southwestern China, which is at the northeastern edge of its global range. Due to the scarcity of reliable recent records, some authorities cast doubt on the continued existence of sun bear in China. Here we present the rediscovery of this species in Yingjiang County, western Yunnan Province, China, near the international border with Myanmar＇s Kachin State.

A Petrological, Geochemical, and Geochronological Study of Shuikou Ultrabasic Rock Mass in Wuding County, Yunnan Province, China

Geotectonically, the Shuikou ultrabasic-basic rock mass is located on the western margin of the Yangtze Platform. As revealed by field geological surveys, the Shuikou rock mass intrudes into the quartz sandstones of the Sinian Chengjiang Formation (Zac). It is dominated by pyroxenites and can be roughly divided into four lithofacies zones, namely gabbros at the outermost periphery and fine-, medium-, and coarse-grained pyroxenites from margin to center. With the transition from pyroxenites to gabbros, the Shuikou rock mass features gradual enrichment in silica and alkali overall, an increase in ΣREE and (La/Yb)N ratio, and a decrease in δEu values and Eu/Sm ratio, indicating that the Shuikou rock mass was formed from the continuous differentiation and crystallization of consanguineous magma and that low-degree partial melting occurred meanwhile. According to the U-Pb baddeleyite geochronology, the crystallization age of the Shuikou rock mass is 210.7 ± 3 Ma (MSWD = 1.01). Based on this, as well as the analysis of geochemical characteristics, the Shuikou rock mass occurred in a continental intraplate tensional environment, this is closely related to the activities of the Emeishan mantle plume during the same period.

Ms 6.5 Earthquake Occurred in Ludian County of Yunnan Province,China,Although Forecast Issued before the Earthquake,Life Casualties and Property Losses were Still Caused Significant

1 Geography Location At 16：30 on August 3rd, 2014, Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province （27.1°N, 103.3°E） was hit by Ms 6.5 earthquake, with the maximum intensity is 9 and epicenter depth is around 12 km （Figs. 1 and 2）.

The Geochemical Characteristics and Minerogenic Model for the Amo Hypothermal Tin Deposit in Ximeng County, Yunnan Province

Through studies on the element geochemistry, alteration of country rocks, ore-forming fluids and isotopegeochemistry of the Arno tin deposit in the metamorphic rocks of the Upper Proterozoic Ximeng Group, theauthors consider that the concentration of the B-F-Li-Rb-Cs-Sn association is related to acidic magmatism inthe study area. The Fe-Mg-Li tourmaline in the ore is the replaced product of the country rocks byhypothermal fluid. The δ^(18)O values of mineral separates are +2.01- +13.16‰ and their δ^(34)S values, +2.6-+7.2‰. The ore-forming materials were derived from hydrothermal fluid of granitic magma. For themineralization, the temperature is 450°-350℃, the pressure, 450-1000×10~5 Pa, and the age, Himalayan(21.5 Ma). According to the geochemical characteristics, a minerogenic model is established: the deposit is ahypothermal cassiterite-quartz vein type tin deposit controlled by the hidden Himalayan granites.

A New Species of Ehretia, Ehretia retroserrata in Nujiang County, Yunnan Province, China

On the investigation of the biodiverisities of plant resources of Nujiang River Valley in Nujiang Autonomous Prefacure, Yunnan Province, China, a new species of Ehretia has been described and illustrated as Ehretia retroserrata in the arid valley of Nujiang according to the new living state of erect shrub and the characteristics of serrate leave margin, retrose, apiculate, endocarp divided at maturity into 4 1-seeded pyrene and serrate leaves margins by comparison with other species of the genus Ehretia.

The Quarantine Disease Sugarcane Leaf Scald Found in Xinping Sugarcane Area in Yunnan Province

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the pathogens causing suspected sugarcane leaf scald symptoms in sugarcane plants found in the Xinping sugarcane area of Yunnan in 2019.[Methods]The XAF1/XAR1 specific primers of Xanthomonas albilineans were used to detect 8 suspected samples from Xinping County,Yunnan Province.[Results]The specific band 600 bp in size was detected.The sequencing results showed that the sequences detected were all 608 bp,and were 100%identical.The BLAST search results showed that the obtained sequence was 100%identical to the nucleotide sequence of X.albilineans GPE PC73 strain(GenBank accession number:FP565176)from France,and they were located in the same branch of the phylogenetic tree.According to the field symptom diagnosis and molecular identification results,the sugarcane disease in Xinping,Yunnan was confirmed to be the quarantine disease sugarcane leaf scald caused by X.allbilineasn.[Conclusions]The pathogens were identified by molecular biological identification methods,providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of leaf scald disease in the future.

A New Species of <i>Gentiana, Gentiana ciliolata</i>and It’s Two Subspecies of subsp. ciliolata and subsp. <i>longiloba</i>of Yunnan &Sichuan Provinces

A new species of Gentiana (Gentianaceae), Gentiana ciliolata is described and illustrated;it has a spectacular characteristics of calyx lobe ciliolate, distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces on the two sides of Jinsha River, and then two subspecies have been further re-classified as Gentiana ciliolata subsp. ciliolata and Gentiana ciliolata subsp. longiloba respectively. The subsp. ciliolata idistributes on the right side of Jinsha River in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province and the subsp. longiloba distributes itself on the southwest and west part of Sichuan Province, such as Leibo County, Wenchuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous Prefacture, in the grassland under forests and moist rock slopes at an altitude of 1300 - 3200 m.

乡村振兴背景下云南大关筇竹全产业链发展路径

筇竹产业是云南省大关县“一县一业”的支柱产业。近年来大关筇竹产业发展迅速,为巩固脱贫成果、接续乡村振兴作出了重要贡献。文章在阐述全产业链理论的基础上,分析了大关县筇竹资源规模、笋材加工、竹林旅游等方面的发展现状,指出发展筇竹产业在思想认识、基础设施、科技人才和品牌创新等方面存在的主要问题,提出了筇竹全产业链发展路径,以期为大关县筇竹产业可持续高质量发展提供参考。

1990—2020年云南省人口空间分布的演化特征分析

利用第四至第七次云南省人口普查数据,通过人口分布结构指数、人口重心、人口数量和密度的变化分析等方法,对县域尺度下云南省人口空间分布的演化特征及趋势进行研究。结果表明:(1)云南各县域人口数量总体上保持增长,但在“大永—澜沧线”沿线区域形成一条人口减少地带,致使人口空间格局呈现“中间塌陷、两侧增长”的特征。(2)云南各县域人口增速近年来普遍下降,人口增长表现出“东快西慢”的空间特征。人口分布的不均衡性更加明显,在空间上表现出“东密西疏”的特征且呈现逐步加强的态势,结构上表现出由一般县域向区域性中心城市聚集的特征。(3)近年来云南东部出现一个“C”字型人口聚集带,这一地带现在已成为云南人口增长的核心区域。(4)“大永—澜沧线”作为划分云南人口东、西分布格局的界线已经显现出一定的合理性与显著性。

云南产业基础薄弱资源匮乏区竹产业发展路径——以河口县为例

“以竹代塑”倡议为全球治理塑料污染提供了基于自然的解决方案,为中国竹产业发展带来了机遇。云南省气候条件优越,适宜多种竹类植物生长,是中国竹类植物最丰富的地区,然而云南省竹产业发展整体上刚刚起步,呈现竹资源分布散、企业规模小、市场竞争力弱的特点,发展“以竹代塑”面临资源相对匮乏、产业基础薄弱等问题。文章以云南省河口县为例,探讨竹资源存量小和产业基础薄弱地方的竹产业发展路径。河口县发展竹产业应发挥口岸优势,科学规划资源基地建设,招引外向经济型企业,因地制宜发展第二产业,支持和鼓励竹制品生产和消费,促进竹产业与文化旅游业融合发展,加强科学研究和产业创新能力,为竹产业发展提供坚实保障。

不同计算方法的云南省永胜县下院滑坡堰塞湖沉积物粒度特征及沉积历史重建

【研究目的】滑坡堰塞湖灾害链危害大,其形成和溃决过程中受外部环境影响大。堰塞湖沉积物作为记录堰塞湖全生命周期的载体,具有良好的古环境和古气候的指示作用,采用最佳解析方法对其进行解读有利于还原沉积物沉积过程及古环境变化。【研究方法】通过野外调查采样和室内测试分析相结合的方法,采用图解法和矩值法计算下堰塞湖沉积物统计特征的适用性问题,使用粒度结合有机质含量重建了堰塞湖沉积环境,对堰塞湖的发育过程进行还原。【研究结果】(1)堰塞湖沉积物分层沉积层序明显,为单一水动力湖相沉积,物质来源稳定,非多物源沉积;综合有机质变化和沉积物粒度特征表明该堰塞湖经历了4次干湿周期,在气候和地质活动的共同作用下至少存在3次堵塞−泄流沉积过程,估算沉积旋回周期约为1750 a,该沉积历史应该是断裂带长期复杂的活动和气候−河流共同作用的结果。(2)通过对图解法和矩值法进行统计分析结果表明,两种方法对平均粒径和分选系数评价一致性较好,可直接进行替换;矩值法对偏态峰态整体计算结果比图解法大,在使用中需进行线性代换。由于描述参照值的缘故,偏态、峰态在统计表述中有所偏差。【结论】堰塞湖沉积物粒径分布简单,采用图解法计算更加便捷,与其他沉积物对比方便,推荐图解法对堰塞湖沉积进行计算。研究结果表明粒度特征对堰塞湖的沉积和溃决过程以及滑坡灾害对气候变化的响应研究具有一定的指导意义,可为还原该堰塞湖沉积期的古环境和古气候提供理论依据。

A New Juvenile Specimen of Lufengosaurus Huenei Young, 1941 (Dinosauria: Prosauropoda) from the Lower Jurassic Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, Southwest China

A skull and a series of associated cervical vertebrae （ZLJ0112） discovered from the Lower Lufeng Formation （Lower Jurassic） are determined as a juvenile specimen of Lufengosaurus huenei Young 1941 based on amended autapomorphies. Differences between ZLJ0112 and the holotype （subadult specimen） are considered as ontogenetic characteristic changes of L. huenei. Since some of these differences are present in other prosauropod dinosaurs （i.e., forms of the maxillary vascular foramen are irregular; the frontal contribution to the dorsal margin of the orbit is substantial; the frontal contribution to the supratemporal fossa is absent; the supratemporal fenestra is visible in lateral view; the supraoccipital inclined at 75 degrees; the parasphenoid rostrum lies level with the occipital condyle; the retroarticular process is short; the axial postzygapophysis project caudally beyond the end of the centrum） they may be common ontogenetic changes in prosauropod dinosaurs.

易地搬迁社区移民融入度影响因素——以云南省寻甸县A、B、C村为例

通过对云南省寻甸县3个易地搬迁社区的调研,运用Pearson和线性回归模型,基于社会融入理论选取22个指标,构建影响因素评价指标体系,分析了不同类型移民的社区融入度影响因素,找出影响移民社区融入度的关键因子。结果表明,移民的社区融入度较好,但不同类型移民的社区融入度具有明显差异,整体呈现务农型移民>兼业型移民>务工型移民的态势。研究结果为助推易地搬迁后的社区融入提供科学决策依据。

滇中禄劝九龙巨晶方解石矿床地质特征与成因

滇中禄劝九龙方解石矿床是云南省规模最大的方解石矿床,以产出巨晶方解石矿为特点。本文在系统的野外地质调查和勘查评价基础上,分析了九龙巨晶方解石矿床的基本地质特征和控矿因素,探讨其成因。结果表明,区内方解石矿体呈层状、似层状及大脉状产于下二叠统茅口组(P1m)灰岩中,层控特点明显;成矿受围岩岩性和断裂的联合控制,开放空间后生热液充填交代成矿特点突出,属层控热液型矿床,新生代印度欧亚板块碰撞造山有关的陆内构造转换成矿可能是其关键机制。

基于形态学空间格局分析与景观连通性的易门县生态网络构建与优化

【目的】构建与优化玉溪市易门县的生态网络,为当地的生物多样性保护提供参考。【方法】利用形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)方法识别生态源地,并综合考虑人为与自然因素构建综合生态耗费面;采用最小累计阻力(minimum cumulative resistance,MCR)模型及重力模型提取并筛选生态廊道,构建易门县生态网络。【结果】(1)生态源地主要分布在易门县东北部及中部的优良生境区域,而在中东部和南部的分布则因人类活动较少;(2)综合生态耗费面显示:中东部与西部阻力较高,而中南部及北部则较低。通过最小成本路径分析识别出45条潜在廊道,通过重力模型提取出15条重要廊道,且生态廊道的空间分布不均、长度较短。网格分析验证表明:易门县生态网络的α、β和γ值分别为0.40、1.50和0.63,网络连通度低、南北部连接缺失,可能影响物种的扩散。【结论】为优化易门县生态网络,建议新增8个生态源地及16条规划廊道;对10个重要生态节点和23个一般生态节点实行分级保护,并识别修复24个生态断裂点。研究结果为城市生态网络的优化提供了科学依据。

云南马关县红果参果实花色苷的紫外-可见光谱和含量

研究旨在阐明云南省马关县红果参品系果实花色苷的紫外-可见光谱和含量,为马关县乃至云南省的红果参品种选育以及果实的开发、利用和营销提供依据。以马关县红果参品系‘文黑果1号’~‘文黑果8号’为材料,基于在200~700 nm范围内的连续扫描检测了果实花色苷的紫外-可见光谱,用分光光度法测定了果皮、果肉和果实的总花色苷含量(TAC)。结果表明,8个红果参品系果实花色苷1%浓盐酸-甲醇提取液的紫外-可见光谱中,在可见光区和紫外光区分别存在1个特征性吸收带,在可见光区的最大吸收峰波长为537.0 nm。果皮、果实TAC均最高的是‘文黑果2号’,分别约为(3.546±0.424)、(1.758±0.070)A537.0/(g·FW);TAC_(果皮)/TAC_(果实)最高的是‘文黑果5号’,约为2.237±0.096;TAC_(果皮)/TAC果肉最高的是‘文黑果6号’,约为14.911±1.729;‘文黑果7号’的果肉TAC、TAC_(果肉)/TAC_(果实)均最高,分别约为0.809±0.010 A537.0/(g·FW)、1.284±0.056。此外,所有TAC相关指标在8个品系间的差异均达到极显著水平。

基于GIS的云南省施甸县地质灾害风险综合评估

云南省施甸县地形地貌复杂,构造活动强烈,地质环境条件脆弱,加上人类活动的不断扩大,导致滑坡、泥石流和崩塌等地质灾害频发.为了对施甸县地质灾害风险进行综合评估,以RS和GIS技术为支撑,选取7个孕灾稳定性因子、9个致灾危险性因子和5个脆弱性因子,分别从孕灾环境稳定性、致灾因子危险性、承灾体脆弱性3方面出发,采用信息量模型+逻辑回归模型(I+LR)和确定性系数模型+逻辑回归模型(CF+LR)2种组合模型对施甸县孕灾环境稳定性进行评价;采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)和最小二乘法(ordinary least squares,OLS)2种模型对施甸县致灾因子危险性进行评价;采用层次分析法(AHP)对施甸县承灾体脆弱性进行评价,并对施甸县地质灾害风险进行综合评估.结果表明:施甸县综合风险较高区多集中在县域中部地区,其中甸阳镇、仁和镇和由旺镇最为明显,施甸县约10%的区域属于孕灾环境动荡区,约5%的区域属于致灾因子极高危险区,约12%的区域属于承灾环境危险区.对比分析了多种综合模型的评价精度与适用性,发现信息量模型与确定性系数模型评价结果相差较小,均适用于孕灾环境稳定性评价,最小二乘法评价模型ROC曲线AUC值为0.756,略高于层次分析法.

云南省永仁县地质灾害发育特征及形成条件探讨

本文以地处云南省滇中北部的永仁县为研究对象,通过资料收集、遥感调查、地面调查以及综合研究的方法,重点研究了区内地质灾害的发育特征和形成条件。研究结果表明:区内主要有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流3种地质灾害类型,滑坡居多,泥石流次之,崩塌最少。全区共有地质灾害点111个,以中小型为主。该区地质灾害是在地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、岩土体结构类型、降雨、地震、人类活动等诸多因素的影响下形成的,其中地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、岩土体结构类型为地质灾害形成的主要因素,降雨、地震、人类活动则是地质灾害形成的诱发因素。最终,本文认为地质条件因素对灾害形成影响程度最大,其次为降雨因素,最后为人类活动因素。建议根据地质灾害类型、发育特征、分布规律等,因地制宜,加强监测预测,做好地质灾害防治工作。

2000-2020年洱源县生态敏感性时空变化分析

以云南省大理白族自治州洱源县为研究对象,采用ENVI与ArcGIS进行数据处理,构建多因子生态敏感性评价指标体系,开展单因子、综合敏感性评价。结果表明,2000-2020年洱源县植被覆盖指数、土地利用类型、综合生态敏感性的不敏感区、轻度敏感区、中度敏感区面积占比呈减少趋势;植被覆盖指数、土地利用类型、综合生态敏感性的高度敏感区面积占比呈增加趋势,分别增加了31.47、21.85、20.76个百分点;植被覆盖指数的高度敏感区从零星分布到“川”字型分布;土地利用类型的高度敏感区分布在除三营镇、邓川镇山间盆地外的大部地区;综合生态敏感性的不敏感区和轻度敏感区分布范围逐步缩小,主要分布于山间盆地,高度敏感区主要分布在洱源县东部及中部的罗坪山脉。洱源县高度敏感区面积快速增加,洱海流域生态保护政策的实施是其根本原因。

云南维西县新塘房滑坡形成条件及防治措施探讨

云南维西县白济汛乡新塘房滑坡变形迹象为滑体内耕地蠕滑下错,地坎处出现裂缝,后缘区村民房屋拉裂。滑坡在降雨入渗软化坡体及居民生活废水排放条件下向后缘和两侧扩展破坏的可能性大,威胁滑体上农田和道路以及滑坡上部村民小组的生产生活安全。滑坡总体防治措施为抗滑支挡+排水+绿化防护。