Fufang E’jiao Jiang’s effect on immunity,hematopoiesis,and angiogenesis via a systematic“compound-effect-target”analysis

Fufang E’jiao Jiang(FEJ)as a healthy food consisting of medicine food homology materials approved by China’s Ministry of Health has been extensively applied to replenish qi and nourish blood,and it has a positive impact on women’s health.To find out the material basis and mechanism of FEJ,a systematic“compoundeffect-target”analysis including chemical composition resolution,zebrafish,network pharmacology,molecular docking,transcriptome,and bibliometric analysis was adopted.124 chemical components including ginsenosides,and phenylethanoid glycosides in FEJ were discovered,and effects of FEJ on promoting the generation of immune cells,erythropoiesis and angiogenesis in zebrafish were exhibited.Based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vivo activity assay,6 compounds including jionoside A1,isoacteoside,echinacoside,acteoside,lobetyolin,and rehmannioside D were identified as active components of FEJ.Transcriptome data showed that several pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades,ECM-receptor interaction,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were associated with proangiogenic effect of FEJ.19 common targets were obtained through combined analysis of network pharmacology and transcriptomics,and 5 targets of them were verified by PCR.The bibliometric analysis of these common targets revealed that FEJ was related to energy metabolism,pathway in cancer,etc.,which was consistent with the results of network pharmacology and transcriptome.The studies suggested that FEJ could replenish qi and nourish blood through multi-compound and multi-targets.

Literature and Time:On Jiao Xun’s Concept of Literary Transformation

Jiao Xun’s concept of the succession of literary genres according to each generation’s strengths clearly establishes the interrelationship between historical time and literary genres.Jiao Xun’s idea of the transformation of literary styles differs from the prevailing notion at that time,which advocated prioritizing poetry and prose that conveyed aspirations and ideals while considering other literary genres such as ci(a form of lyric poetry),qu(drama),and novels as inferior.Instead,Jiao Xun advocated using the“nature”and“events”of objects as criteria and awakened a more traditional“poetic teaching tradition”characterized by metaphorical expression and emotional resonance,which aligned with the concept of literature conveying aspirations and ideals.This enabled the standard of“nature”to transcend the boundaries of literary genres,establishing new criteria for the hierarchy of genres and encapsulating Jiao Xun’s intention to summon emerging literary genres that were in harmony with the“present”.

“什么叫X”的语用否定用法

语用否定式“什么叫X”用于否定话语表达方式的适宜性,言谈交际中具体表现为对不足量表达方式、消极表态表达方式、道义要求表达方式、疑问表达方式、指称表达方式或预设相关表达方式的称引反驳。基于客观事实的修正、示证,基于主观经验或立场的求证、表态,常常表征为语用否定式“什么叫X”所在话轮的话轮构建单位,与语用否定式“什么叫X”所否定的不同类型的话语表达方式呈现出规律性对应,体现出交际诉求在话轮构建中的驱动作用。

清末民初北京官话的使役标记“叫”及相关问题

清末民初北京官话使役标记“叫”的用法包括:使令、容许、致使,其中以“使令”用法出现的频率最高。形成两种格局,使令类属于“施事—施事”类,致使类包括“施事—受事”、受事—施事、受事—受事这三个分类。天津官话的使役标记“叫”和北京官话中的使用情况比较接近,江淮官话和北京官话的区别在于,江淮官话中,“叫”字没有“容许”用法。江淮官话和西南官话中,“叫”字没有被动用法,北京官话和天津官话则都有这种用法。

Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian affects brain stem tissue G protein content in a rat migraine model

BACKGROUND： G protein is closely associated with vasomotion. Vasomotor dysfunction accompanies migraine attack. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of the San Jiao meridian acupuncture on G protein content in a rat migraine model. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present randomized grouping, cellular and molecular biological level trial was performed at the Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University ＆ Key Laboratory for Tumor Proteomics of Ministry of Health between October 2003 and June 2004. MATERIALS： Forty healthy, male, Sprague Dawtey rats were included in this study. The G6805-2A electro-acupuncture apparatus was a product of Shanghai Huayi Medical Instrument Factory, China. Nitroglycerin was produced by Guangzhou Mingxing Pharmaceutical Factory, China. Antibodies against inhibitory and stimulatory G proteins were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company, USA. METHODS： All 40 rats were randomly and evenly divided into 4 groups. In the blank control group, the rats remained untouched. Rats from the normal control group were subcutaneously administered 2 mL/kg physiological saline. In the model group, migraine was induced with a subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin （5 g/L）, and the rats received no further treatment. In the acupuncture-treated group, 30 minutes after migraine induction, acupuncture was performed at the bilateral Waiguan （SJ 5） and Yifeng （SJ 17） points, with an acupuncture depth of 1 mm. Electric-stimulation parameters of 20 Hz for low frequency, 40 Hz for high frequency, and 0.5-1.0 mA for current intensity were set. Ten acupuncture sessions were applied, with 20-minute low-frequency and 20-minute high-frequency stimulation and 3 seconds of interval time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Inhibitory and stimulatory G protein contents were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS： At 4 hours after migraine induction, compared with the blank control and normal control groups stimulatory G protein concentration was significantly increased, while inhibitory G protein levels were significantly decreased in the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In the acupuncture-treated group, both stimulatory and inhibitory G protein concentrations were significantly increased following acupuncture treatment （P 〈 0.01）, but stimulatory G protein levels were less and the inhibitory G protein concentrations were greater compared to the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. There was no significant difference in stimulatory and inhibitory G protein levels between the blank control and normal control groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Dysfunctional G protein signal transductions in the rat brain stem may be responsible tor migraine attack. Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian ameliorates migraines by mediating the G protein signal transduction pathway.

Rong Shuan Jiao Nang in the treatment of acute mountain sickness and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in Yushu

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rong Shuan Jiao Nang （RSJN） on treatment of acute mountain sickness （AMS） and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in workers in Yushu, three groups were studied： group A （60 patients with AMS, given RSJN）, group B （15 patients with altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome, given RSJN）, and group C （control, without drugs）. All studied subjects were lowland workers who were first time entry to Yushu for work at an altitude of 4 250 m. During the course of treatment, a routing physical examina- tion was performed, AMS Lake Louise Scores were estimated, arterial oxygen saturation （SaO2）, electrocardiography and hemoglobin concentration were measured before and after using RSJN for 10 days. In group A, the effective rate was 68 %, symptomatic improvement in 54 cases （90 %） within 5 days. In group B, the effective rate was 93 %, episodes of angina pectoris stopped in 12 patients within 3 - 7 days, one lasted 8 days. After treatment, the level of SaO2 increased 15.5 %, 21.8 % and 5.6 % in group A, group B and group C, respectively. RSJN tak- en at the start of the arrival at Yushu can decrease AMS scores and facilitate cure. If taken after the illness has begun, RSJN may help lessen symptoms, especially effectively improved angina pectoris of the high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome. Symptoms usually subside after 3 - 8 days. RSJN should be continually used lbr at least 7 days after ascent.

Structure and Distribution of the San Jiao and Cou Li-Recognized Interstitium in Human Tissues

Since the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon(c.200 bce),Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has held that the san jiao system is the largest anatomical structure in the human body,and that it consists of a network comprising the large cavities in the body trunk and the small interstitial spaces between the tissues and cells throughout the body.More than 2000 years later,and according to recent scientific reports in America,this network of structures has been recognized by modern medicine.The two theories,TCM’s san jiao and its system of spaces(腠còu),and the recent scientific discovery of an interstitial network in the human body,are quite similar in structure,distribution and function.

A Brief Discussion on the Concept of Location San Jiao

San Jiao is one of the most controversial concepts in traditional Chinese medicine.With the changes of history,the concept of San Jiao was developed into another concept,"Location San Jiao",on the basis of"Liu Fu San Jiao".However,the appearance of"Location San Jiao"makes the concept of San Jiao more complicated and controversial.This paper will explore from the origin of"Location San Jiao",analyze the origin of its argument,and discuss the problems in it,so as to preliminarily clarify the connotation of San Jiao conception.Through investigation,it is found that the"Location San Jiao"is actually the dissimilation of"Liu Fu San Jiao",and the three parts of"Liu Fu San Jiao"should be divided by functional features rather than anatomical structure.

The early Proterozoic metamorphic geodynamics of the Jiao-Liao Massif, east China

Considering the mineral evolution and tectonic deformational history of the early Proterozoic metamorphic sequences in the Jiao Liao Massif, very similar CCW PTt D paths were established in east Liaoning and east Shandong district within this massif. Their style displays the process of developing and closing of some rifted depression belts within the rather stable continental crust of the Jiao Liao Massif during early Proterozoic, and they may be treated as a common kind of metamorphic geodynamic model.

Discussion on "Wei Qi Chu Shang Jiao"

Due to the different versions of Nei Jing have been published in the past,variant of records have shown the different explanation of the original source of Wei Qi,thus there are two popular options are still under debate,Shang Jiao and Xia Jiao.Our research has found that the core reason of above dispute is caused by the vague understanding of the meaning of"Chu".Based on the analysis of relevant text of Nei Jing and the character of Chu with the meaning of leaving,it is concluded that"Wei Qi Chu Shang Jiao".And it means Wei Qi has left Shang Jiao of Zang Fu system and following into Meridian system,according to Wei Qi's connotation of following and protecting.Shang Jiao is the original starting point of Wei Qi in circulation just as it is born.And Shang Jiao is the place where"the slippery and tough Qi of water and grain"has transformed its name into"Wei Qi",which is also the conjunction point that Wei Qi changing from Ti(ontology)into Yong(methodology).And it explains the theory of clinical application based on this view.

The Idea of Edification in Jiao Xun’s Conception of Drama

Jiao Xun’s drama edification concept emphasizes“morality”and“emotion”at the same time,which expresses his tendency for drama conception to move closer to classics.Jiao Xun thinks that drama creation values the audience’s acceptance,which also makes drama an effective testing ground for re-processing the relationship between“morality”and“emotion”in Confucianism;and Jiao Xun respects folk daily life in popular literary forms to promote moral enlightenment,which shows that drama research has become one of his practical methods of“changing customs”.

A Review on Ben Cao Gang Mu Ying Jiao Dui Zhao(《本草纲目影校对照》A Contrast between the Photocopy and Collation of Compendium of Materia Medica)

Ben Cao Gang Mu Ying Jiao Dui Zhao(《本草纲目影校对照》A Contrast between the Photocopy and Collation of Compendium ofMateria Medica),completed by Zhang Zhibin and Zheng Jinsheng,is the latest variorum on Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium ofMateria Medica).Adopting five different Jinling editions as the master copy,the book carefully collates the complex contents on the original book by contrasting the photocopies with the supplement and correction,which makes it easy to use.What is more,full-form punctuation is used to mark the reference books and proper nouns,which is a big success feat in the research history of Ben Cao Gang Mu.

藠头和苦瓜汁抑制亚硝胺合成的体外试验

本文报告了在模拟人胃液条件下，头（ＡｌｌｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＧ．Ｄｏｎ．）和苦瓜（ＭｏｍｏｒｄｉｅａｃｈａｒａｎｔｉａＬｉｎｎ．）对Ｎ－二甲基亚硝胺（ＮＤＭＡ）和Ｎ－二乙基亚硝胺（ＮＤＥＡ）体外合成的阻断作用。结果表明：鲜头汁能明显地阻断ＮＤＭＡ和ＮＤＥＡ的化学合成，而鲜苦瓜汁对ＮＤＭＡ和ＮＤＥＡ的化学合成仅有一定的阻断作用；头经煮沸２０ｍｉｎ和盐腌两周后，其阻断作用大大降低，而同样处理对苦瓜的影响却较小；鲜头升和鲜苦瓜汁的剂量与ＮＤＭＡ和ＮＤＥＡ的合成量呈显著的负相关关系；头阻断亚硝胺合成的主要有效成分并不是抗坏血酸，而苦瓜中抗坏血酸的阻断作用却较大；

被动标记“叫”语法化的语义基础和句法环境

“叫”在明清时期逐步语法化为被动标记,而且一直沿用到当今北京话和很多其他北方方言点的口语里。本文探讨了从唐代以来“叫”的发展轨迹,并通过与“使”等一组近义词的比较,确立直接导致其向被动标记语法化的语义基础和句法环境。

藠头的复白增白试验

色泽是影响藠头质量的重要指标之一。本试验从漂白剂种类，酸味剂种类和浓度，光线等多方面，探讨了藠头增白的最有效措施。

虚词“给”的同一性及其分布状况

虚词"给"具有多功能性,以往的研究,由于缺乏对功能复杂、形式单一的虚词"给"作有效分类,使得有关虚词"给"的研究总是很难推向深入。我们从句法和语义两个角度,对虚词"给"进行分类,并探讨这些不同类的虚词"给"在现当代书面语料中的分布状况,从而为这一问题的深入研究奠定基础。

藠头炭疽病初侵染源及发生规律研究

对头炭疽病的初侵染源和田间发生规律进行了试验研究，其结果表明：头炭疽病的初侵染源主要是散落在田间的病残体和带病种茎，头２叶１心时就能发病。病害的消长与气象因子有密切的关系，一般温度１３～２５℃、相对湿度８０％以上的气候条件有利于发病；连作、地势低洼、长期积水等情况发病严重，砂质壤土和粘性稻土病情重于丘陵红壤土。