Attributes of Specialized Households'Resilience and Its Impact on Rural Industrial Advancement:A Case Study of National Musical Instrument Production Specialized Households in Lankao County,Henan,China

Specialized households serve as the primary units within specialized villages in China,and their capacity to withstand risks and external influences significantly shapes the future trajectory of specialized villages and the overall vitality of the rural economy.In this study,we established a measurement indicator system based on the definition of specialized households’resilience,elucidating the logical connection between specialized households’resilience and rural industrial development in China.The musical instrument industry in Lankao County,Henan Province of China,was employed as a case;survey data,the entropy method,and an obstacle diagnosis model were used to examine how instrument production specialized households responded to the challenges posed by Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and the tightening of national environmental protection policies,yielding the following key findings:1)there exists substantial variation in the comprehensive resilience levels among different specialized households;2)the ability to learn and adapt is the most significant contributor to the overall resilience level of specialized households;3)technological proficiency and access to skilled talent emerge as pivotal factors influencing specialized households’resilience;4)the positioning of specialized households within the industrial supply chain and the stability of their income have a direct bearing on their resilience level.The influence of specialized households’resilience on industrial development primarily manifests in the following ways:stronger resilience correlates with increased stability in production and sales,fostering a more proactive approach to future actions.However,heightened exposure to the external macroeconomic environment can lead to a higher rate of export reduction.To enhance the development resilience of entities like specialized households and family farms,and to invigorate rural economic development,escalating investments in rural science and technology and prioritizing the training of technical talent become imperative.

Spatial Equity Evaluation of Rural Eldercare Service Resources Based on Accessibility: A Case Study of Huanxian County of Gansu Province, China

Safeguarding the elderly population in the countryside is an inherent requirement for alleviating social conflicts in rural areas and effectively carrying out China’s Rural Revitalization.The existing spatial mismatch between rural elderly service facilities and pop-ulation distribution in China aggravates the imbalance of facility resource space,how to improve the accuracy of demand and supply results and better measuring the spatial fairness of elderly service is significant to realize the optimal allocation of rural elderly service.Based on the above,this study pays attention to the refined needs of the elderly population,and focuses on the spatial equity of the rural elderly facilities,to make up for the short boards of the basic public services in the countryside and realize the all-round rural revitalization.This study takes Huanxian County in the hilly loess area of Longdong,China as an example and explores the spatial equity of rural elderly services by using the Urban Spatial Network Analysis(UNA)to measure the accessible quantity and supply capacity of elderly services.The results found that there were 553 rural eldercare service facilities in Huanxian County,including 285 eldercare facilities and 268 medical and health facilities,and the spatial distribution is characterized by a southward shift in the east and uneven regional distribution.Overall,the supply capacity of rural pension services was generally good,with the township center as the gathering point and spreading out in a faceted manner,with nearby townships forming a contiguous area;however,there were strong contrasts and obvious differences in the strength of supply capacity.However,the spatial equity of rural eldercare service was poor.In 42.05%of the eld-erly population grid cells,eldercare service spatial equity was extremely low.The spatial distribution also presented a northern preference over the southern,a western preference over the eastern,and a concentration along the highway.The study explored the realization of spatial equity in the optimal allocation of rural elderly services based on paying attention to the refined needs of the rural elderly pop-ulation,a vulnerable group,to provide a reference for solving the shortcomings of basic public services in rural areas.The fair allocation of rural elderly services demands that the spatial optimization of facility layout be organically coordinated with policy,management,and post-maintenance,and all elements in the rural territorial system be fully mobilized to achieve the basic guarantee of China’s rural elderly problems.

Development of Rural Tourism Industry under the Background of New Rural Construction : A Case Study of Henghe of Boluo County in Huizhou City

Henghe Town in Boluo County of Huizhou is taken as the research object for analysis.The research and analysis on the tourism industry in Henghe Town of Boluo County are conducted,and the basic situation of rural tourism construction in Henghe Town is sorted out.The forms of tourism industry in Henghe Town and the problems in rural tourism development are identified,and some targeted suggestions and countermeasures are proposed.It hopes to provide ideas and references for the construction of beautiful rural areas in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province,and theoretical reference and practical significance for the development of rural tourism in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province.

Mapping Air Quality Using Remote Sensing Technology: A Case Study of Nairobi County

Nairobi County experiences rapid industrialization and urbanization that contributes to the deteriorating state of air quality, posing a potential health risk to its growing population. Currently, in Nairobi County, most air quality monitoring stations use low-cost, inaccurate monitors prone to defects. The study’s objective was to map Nairobi County’s air quality using freely available remotely sensed imagery. The Air Pollution Index (API) formula was used to characterize the air quality from cloud-free Landsat satellite images i.e., Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI from Google Earth Engine. The API values were computed based on vegetation indices namely NDVI, TVI, DVI, and the SWIR1 and NIR bands on the QGIS platform. Qualitative accuracy assessment was done using sample points drawn from residential, industrial, green spaces, and traffic hotspot categories, based on a passive-random sampling technique. In this study, Landsat 5 API imagery for 2010 provided a reliable representation of local conditions but indicated significant pollution in green spaces, with recorded values ranging from -143 to 334. The study found that Landsat 7 API imagery in 2002 showed expected results with the range of values being -55 to 287, while Landsat 8 indicated high pollution levels in Nairobi. The results emphasized the importance of air quality factors in API calibration and the unmatched spatial coverage of satellite observations over ground-based monitoring techniques. The study recommends the recalibration of the API formula for characteristic regions, exploring newer satellite sensors like those onboard Landsat 9 and Sentinel 2, and involving key stakeholders in a discourse to develop a suitable Kenyan air quality index.

Automated machine learning for rainfall-induced landslide hazard mapping in Luhe County of Guangdong Province,China

Landslide hazard mapping is essential for regional landslide hazard management.The main objective of this study is to construct a rainfall-induced landslide hazard map of Luhe County,China based on an automated machine learning framework(AutoGluon).A total of 2241 landslides were identified from satellite images before and after the rainfall event,and 10 impact factors including elevation,slope,aspect,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),topographic wetness index(TWI),lithology,land cover,distance to roads,distance to rivers,and rainfall were selected as indicators.The WeightedEnsemble model,which is an ensemble of 13 basic machine learning models weighted together,was used to output the landslide hazard assessment results.The results indicate that landslides mainly occurred in the central part of the study area,especially in Hetian and Shanghu.Totally 102.44 s were spent to train all the models,and the ensemble model WeightedEnsemble has an Area Under the Curve(AUC)value of92.36%in the test set.In addition,14.95%of the study area was determined to be at very high hazard,with a landslide density of 12.02 per square kilometer.This study serves as a significant reference for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and land use planning in Luhe County.

Practical Research on Promoting the Reform of“One Field for One Household”in Guoyang County

In recent years,the problem of farmland fragmentation has become a major obstacle to the development of modern agriculture,and the reform of“one field for one household”can effectively sort out cultivated land resources,increase contracted land area,improve land utilization rate,and effectively solve the problems of contracted land dispersion and farmland fragmentation in rural areas.This paper systematically anatomized the practice and effects of“one household,one field”reform in Guoyang County,analyzed the problems existing in the implementation process,and put forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures,in order to provide experience and reference for the reform of one field in other regions.

Allocation of Public Service Facilities in Villages and Towns from the Perspective of Smart Contraction: A Case Study of Zixi County, Jiangxi Province

The limitation of traditional layout system and the continuous contraction of villages and towns have brought challenges to the layout of public service facilities.It is an imperative task against this background to integrate space resources and allocate public service facilities scientifically and reasonably.This paper took the system and method of rural public service facility allocation from the perspective of smart contraction as the theoretic support,and Zixi County in Jiangxi Province for example,built the four-level life circle of“county-fundamental-basic-routine”based on the influence factors of facility allocation,village and town contraction strength,rural comprehensive assessment results,residents’trip willingness and demands on public service facilities,finally proposed the suggestions for optimizing the allocation of village and town public service facilities.

Research on the Reform of"Separation of Three Rights"for Rural Homesteads in Juancheng County,Shandong Province

In order to realize rural revitalization in an all-round way and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society,China is committed to deepening the pace of building a new countryside with Chinese characteristics.The reform of the"Separation of Three Rights"of rural homesteads is a key measure,which aims to activate rural resources,enhance the vitality of rural economic development,and then promote the overall process of rural revitalization.This study selects Juancheng County,Heze City,Shandong Province as a typical case.Through an in-depth analysis of the relevant policy orientation of the national homestead reform and the specific practice of local promotion work,it systematically sorts out the registration of homestead rights,transfer of use rights and relevant policy measures adopted in paid use,qualification conversion,policy publicity and system establishment.After in-depth research on the system reform practice of the"Separation of Three Rights"of homesteads in Juancheng County,this paper reveals the main problems existing in the current reform,including the lack of clear policy support for the mechanism of paid use of homesteads,difficulties in the process of identifying qualification rights and challenges,the imperfection of the transfer mechanism of use rights,and the lack or lag of relevant policies.A series of problem-oriented policy suggestions are put forward,including establishing and improving the system of paid use of rural homesteads,improving the income distribution mechanism,promoting the innovation of the mortgage guarantee system for the right to use homesteads,and optimizing the homestead qualification certification procedures.These suggestions aim to provide a useful reference for the Juancheng County Government in promoting the reform of"Separation of Three Rights"of homesteads,and then promote the rational allocation and efficient utilization of rural homestead resources.

Ethnic Customs and Rural Tourism Development in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Fushun City

The development of ethnic minority tourism is currently a hot topic in domestic tourism development.As an important component of Chinese civilization,the Manchu people have created brilliant culture in the long river of historical development.As the hometown of the Manchu people,Fushun has unique folk cultural tourism resources and a strong ethnic flavor.Nowadays,under the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy,the construction of new rural areas is constantly developing,and rural tourism is gradually becoming a new industry.Therefore,in the context of the increasingly prosperous rural tourism industry,it has become increasingly important to combine the ethnic customs of Manchu culture with rural tourism.Taking the ethnic customs and integrated development of rural tourism in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Fushun City,Liaoning Province as the research object,this paper mainly sorts out the current situation and characteristics of rural tourism development in the region,systematically explores the problems in development and how to further optimize development,and proposes new models suitable for the development of folk tourism in Xinbin of Fushun,in order to achieve maximum economic and social benefits and provide a reference for promoting the development of tourism in the region.

Machine Learning and Statistical Analysis in Groundwater Monitoring for Total Dissolved Solids Assessment in Winkler County, Texas

This research aims to develop reliable models using machine learning algorithms to precisely predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in wells of the Permian basin, Winkler County, Texas. The data for this contribution was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board website (TWDB). Five hundred and ninety-three samples were obtained from two hundred and ninety-eight wells in the study area. The wells were drilled at different county locations into five aquifers, including Pecos Valley, Dockum, Capitan Reef, Edward Trinity, and Rustler aquifers. A total of fourteen different water quality parameters were used, and they include Potential hydrogen (pH), Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Fluoride, TDS, Specific Conductance, Nitrate, Total Hardness, Calcium, Temperature, Well Depth, Sulphate, and Bicarbonates. Four machine learning regression algorithms were developed to get a good model to help predict TDS in this area: Decision Tree regression, Linear regression, Support Vector Regression, and K-nearest neighbor. The study showed that the Decision Tree produced the best model with attributes like the coefficient of determination R2 = 1.00 and 0.96 for the training and testing, respectively. It also produced the lowest score of mean absolute error MAE = 0.00 and 0.04 for training and testing, respectively. This study will reduce the cost of obtaining different water quality parameters in TDS determination by leveraging machine learning to use only the parameters contributing to TDS, thereby helping researchers obtain only the parameters necessary for TDS prediction. It will also help the authorities enact policies that will improve the water quality in areas where drinking water availability is a challenge by providing important information for monitoring and assessing groundwater quality.

Current Status and Challenges of the Water and Soil Conservation in Hotan County, Xinjiang

In order to thoroughly analyze the current status and challenges faced by the water and water conservation in Hotan County of Xinjiang,the use situation of water resources,the effectiveness and shortcomings of water and soil conservation work in the region are reviewed.Hotan County has achieved several remarkable achievements in the soil and water conservation project,daily management and maintenance,and ecological restoration projects.Some measures,such as terrace construction,slope protection engineering,and the construction of windproof and sandwood belts,have also had a positive impact on improving the quality of surface water resources while effectively curbing soil erosion.But there are also lack of operating policy detailed rules and implementation plans,and planning and design of some water and soil conservation projects lack of integrity and systematicness,application and promotion of new technologies,and soil loss management and ecological recovery effect assessment lack of comprehensive assessment indicators and methods.It has caused some water and soil conservation works to fail to be effectively implemented.In this regard,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as strengthening the planning and management of water and soil conservation,promoting the technology and measures of water and soil conservation,increasing investment and funding support,and strengthening publicity education and personnel training.

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Household Waste Classification in Feixi County, Hefei City

Feixi County has made significant progress in promoting waste classification,such as establishing a comprehensive classification system,and effectively reducing environmental pollution and waste volume.However,with the increase in waste generation,the county faces multiple challenges especially in the disposal of kitchen waste and improvement of residents environmental awareness.To address these issues,Feixi County has implemented various measures,such as strengthening the construction of infrastructure for waste classification,improving regulations and clearly defining responsibilities,enhancing residents environmental awareness to encourage their participation in waste classification through education and promotion,and increasing supervision to ensure effective implementation of the work.It emphasizes community governance,encourage all parties to participate in it,and strengthen publicity,education and training to enhance residents participation.Feixi County has achieved positive results,but efforts are needed to further improve facilities,raise awareness,enhance supervision,and ensure the continuous effectiveness of waste classification work to promote urban green sustainable development.

安阳市内黄县外来入侵植物的调查研究

【目的】明确安阳市内黄县外来植物的入侵现状,以期为外来植物入侵防控、生物多样性保护与生态安全管理提供依据。【方法】通过对内黄县17个乡镇168个位点开展实地调查,获取该地区外来入侵植物本底,并分析各入侵植物的生长状况;筛选出外来入侵植物风险评估指标,形成风险评估体系,并对所有指标进行赋值,评估每一种外来植物的入侵风险。【结果】共计发现外来入侵植物44种,隶属于16科,菊科有15个物种,所占比例为34%;从地理起源上分,有5种类型,其中来自美洲的最多,有30种,所占比例为66.7%;生活型一共有7种,1 a生草本物种最多,为32种,所占比例为71.1%;Ⅰ级危害等级的外来入侵植物有3种,分别为小蓬草(小白酒草)(Erigeron canadensis L.)、牵牛(Ipomoea nil(L.)Roth)和黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.);Ⅱ级危害等级有6种,Ⅲ级危害有9种;Ⅳ级危害有8种;Ⅴ级危害有18种。【结论】须加强对外来入侵植物的管控。内黄县的外来植物侵害情况研究报告和入侵危害评价数据,对于当地以及其他地区制定管理策略、有效控制外来植物入侵具有一定借鉴价值。

海岛县旅游效率及影响因子分析——以长海县为例

以长海县为研究区域,通过DEA模型对长海县2010—2019年旅游效率进行分析与评价,并利用Tobit回归模型分析长海县旅游综合效率的影响因子,为实现长海县旅游产业可持续发展建言献策。研究表明:(1)2010—2019年长海县旅游综合效率较高,整体呈波动上升趋势,其主要受旅游规模效率影响,通过扩大旅游要素投入规模,可推动旅游规模效率达到最优水平,进而提升旅游综合效率;(2)长海县旅游效率Malmquist指数受技术进步因素影响,总体呈波动上升趋势;(3)长海县经济发展水平、产业发展水平、交通便利程度对长海县旅游综合效率影响最大,其余影响因子解释力较弱,通过推进城镇化水平、促进港口基础设施建设、实现旅游资源整合、加强政企合作、加强旅游投资力度、优化海岛生态环境、增加淡水供给等方式,能够有效提高长海县旅游效率。

乡村创新创业推动县域经济增长:理论逻辑和实证分析

鼓励乡村创新创业发展,充分激发乡村双创活力,将为推动县域经济增长提供充足内生动能和重要发展机遇。利用浙大卡特−企研团队2023年公布的“乡村创新创业指数”,基于中国2014−2021年1836个县域平衡面板数据,实证考察乡村创新创业对县域经济增长的影响效应及作用机理。结果表明:(1)乡村创新创业能够显著推动县域经济增长。乡村创新创业水平每提高1%,推动县域GDP增加4%;(2)在劳动力流出地区、实体金融和数字普惠金融服务较好的地区以及乡村振兴战略实施以来,推动作用更为显著;(3)机理检验表明,乡村创新创业主要通过促进高质量充分就业、激发消费活力和推进产业结构升级推动县域经济增长;(4)乡村创新创业对县域经济增长的影响存在门槛效应,当政府介入力度维持在合理区间时,推动作用才能得到充分发挥;(5)进一步分析发现,乡村创新创业还能够通过促进产业均衡发展、区域绿色低碳,推动县域经济高质量发展。因此应进一步支持乡村创新创业融合发展,以就业、消费和产业结构升级为重点,以提升政务服务效率、推进有为政府建设为保障,为县域经济增长乃至高质量发展凝聚充足动力。

清代大一统国家视野下的州县驿站财政

清朝建立后意图以政府雇募的方式,取代明代以来驿站差役派诸民间的“民当”做法,为此对驿站财政进行了一番改革,但实际上,由于经费短缺,强制性摊派屡禁不绝。及至清代晚期,因大规模战争的压力,州县向百姓摊派更多的额外驿站差徭,使得州县驿站财政发生结构性变化。以河南为例,在官绅合作下,州县组建以车马局为代表的非正式机构,系统管理境内驿站差徭的摊派和使用,由此建立起国家制度之外的额外财政体系。驿站额外财政的产生和发展,是清中后期州县驿站财政转型的结果,它大幅提升了大一统国家汲取基层资源的能力,为近代州县地方财政的形成奠定了基础。

空间正义视域下县域城镇化高质量发展的理论逻辑与实践进路

县域是城乡融合发展的关键节点和区域协调发展的关键枢纽,也是推进新型城镇化高质量发展的重要基础。县域城镇化高质量发展本质上是要解决好城乡区域发展不平衡不充分问题,让更多新市民共享城市发展成果,不断提升居民的获得感、归属感和公平感。立足新发展阶段,需要正视内生型和外生型县域城镇化所呈现的城乡区域差异,并从生产正义、分配正义、制度正义、价值正义等维度出发,深刻分析县域城镇化发展所面临的非正义问题及其困境。空间正义是县域城镇化高质量发展的题中之义,需要基于生产要素回流、深化分配结果的全面性、治理体系与制度创设、人民主体性回归等正义逻辑,在生产空间内培育与壮大县域特色产业和加大人才吸纳力度,在分配空间上提高农民收益分配地位和增强农民综合发展能力,在制度空间内构建县域灵活治理体系和协同推进“三农”制度改革,在价值空间上营造社区良好文化氛围和突破社会阶层隔阂等,以此重塑空间正义并深入推进县域城镇化高质量发展。

县域城镇化视角下农民的返乡回流及其阐释——基于中西部地区的观察

在中国最近10余年快速推进的城镇化进程中,农民在县域城镇化过程中扮演了重要角色。但值得注意的是,在农民通过县城实现进城梦想的同时,近年来中西部地区出现了部分农民返乡回流的现象。这一现象的发生既与农民在县城“低收入-高支出”的家计结构有关,也受到农民家庭生命周期变迁、乡村价值回归等多重因素影响。总体来看,当前中西部地区农民的县域城镇化还存在较大的不稳定性,表现出经济支撑基础弱、进城动机不持久、生活风险加大等特征。其未来发展趋势亦有着较大的不确定性,与县域产业能否高质量发展、新生代农民的发展能力以及乡村振兴战略等有关系。这说明,关注县域城镇化不能仅有农民“进城”的单向视角,还应包括进城后“返乡”的面向,中西部地区的县域城镇化还只是农民“家计过程”的一部分,并不意味着农民完成了市民身份的转化。农民在县城的深度扎根需要经历一个较为长期的过程,进城与返乡之间的适度重复、往返将会成为中西部地区县域城镇化的一种常态。

旅游民宿推动乡村振兴的机制及路径研究——以黟县为例

民宿作为乡村旅游的新业态,在丰富产品体系、优化供给、促进消费等领域发挥着重要作用,进而为乡村振兴助力。构建乡村振兴与旅游民宿发展作用机制,选取黟县作为案例地,分析旅游民宿发展特征,剖析存在的问题,并提出树立新资源观,盘活闲置资源;强化人才培育,提升民宿经管水平;彰显地域特色,塑造民宿独特魅力;统筹空间谋划,优化民宿发展格局;积极探索创新、规范民宿发展等可持续发展实施路径的建议。

县域创业视角下土地流转对农民收入的作用机制研究

扎实推进农民增收成为新时代共同富裕目标下亟须完成的艰巨任务,土地流转对农民增收发挥着重要作用。基于2007—2022年26个省级行政区(不含港澳台、西藏自治区和4个直辖市)的面板数据,实证分析土地流转对农民增收的影响效应,并探究县域创业在这一影响过程中的中介作用。结果表明:土地流转能够增加农民收入;门槛回归结果显示,随着土地流转率的上升,土地流转对农民收入的影响经历了负向、不显著到正向的变化;相比北方地区和经济发达地区,土地流转对农民收入的提升效应在南方地区和经济欠发达地区更明显;县域创业在土地流转增加农民收入中起到了中介作用,即土地流转可以通过提升县域创业活力来增加农民收入。基于此,提出促进土地流转、激发县域创业活力的建议。