Adopted on 28 October 1997(amended on 15 March and 21 September 2001,on 17 March 2009,on 25 September 2018 and on 25 September 2020)PREAMBLE The Tribunal,Acting pursuant to article 16 of the Statute of the Internation...Adopted on 28 October 1997(amended on 15 March and 21 September 2001,on 17 March 2009,on 25 September 2018 and on 25 September 2020)PREAMBLE The Tribunal,Acting pursuant to article 16 of the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea,Annex VI to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,Adopts the following Rules of the Tribunal.展开更多
The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategic...The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategically located on the border of North Vietnam and South Vietnam approximately 14 km north of the DMZ and along the shoreline of the South China Sea. During the Vietnam War, the US Air Force heavily bombed Vinh Moc. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had an important military base on nearby Con Co Island. Brave civil volunteers from Vinh Moc would make the 28 km dangerous journey to the island, disguised as fishermen, to deliver supplies to the soldiers stationed there. The people who remained at Vinh Moc dug tunnels into red basalt hills in order to survive this onslaught. The American forces assessed the villagers of Vinh Moc were supplying food and armaments to the NVA garrison on the island of Con Co, which was in turn hindering the American bombers on their way to bomb Hanoi. The US military objective was to force the villagers of Vinh Moc to leave the area. The villagers initially dug the tunnels to a 10 m depth but the American forces designed bombs that burrowed down 10 m before exploding. The soil tunnels were then deepened to 30 m to provide safety for the soldiers and civilians working there during the intense US Air Force bombing. The primary objective of the research study was to determine how the soils and parent material of Vinh Moc Village, protected their villagers from the United States Air Force bombardment during the Vietnam War. In addition, the natural parent material at both the Vinh Moc and Cu Chi were assessed to determine why the tunnels were so resilient. The Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels were dug by hand in the Old Alluvium soils and parent material where iron in solution precipitated and became the soil binding material. The Vinh Moc tunnels were hand dug in porous, red basalt (bedrock) hills where the consolidated rock structure itself provided the required binding material. Neither site needed support beams to hold up the ceilings.展开更多
全新世大暖期(8.5 ka BP^3 ka BP)是全新世高海面和最大海侵期.本文通过分析我国古代神话传说"精卫填海"、"共工触山"、"大禹治水"记录的我国东部海域海平面变化信息,结合沉积学、古气候学、考古学的研...全新世大暖期(8.5 ka BP^3 ka BP)是全新世高海面和最大海侵期.本文通过分析我国古代神话传说"精卫填海"、"共工触山"、"大禹治水"记录的我国东部海域海平面变化信息,结合沉积学、古气候学、考古学的研究成果,认为全新世大暖期6.1 ka BP^4.0 ka BP期间我国东部海域有3次海侵事件,即6.1 ka BP^5.7 ka BP的海侵事件,4.9 ka BP^4.6 ka BP的海侵事件,4.2 ka BP^4.0 ka BP的海侵事件.展开更多
本文利用日本第二次全球大气再分析项目(JRA-55)提供的逐日积雪深度数据、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的全球再分析数据及Hadley海温数据分析了春季欧亚大陆积雪异常模态及其与北大西洋海温的遥相关关系,并通过模式模拟分析验证。...本文利用日本第二次全球大气再分析项目(JRA-55)提供的逐日积雪深度数据、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的全球再分析数据及Hadley海温数据分析了春季欧亚大陆积雪异常模态及其与北大西洋海温的遥相关关系,并通过模式模拟分析验证。结果表明:春季欧亚大陆雪深前两种模态差异显著,分别表现为东、西区域同向变化及反向变化两种非对称形态。其中,同期北大西洋"三极子型"海温模态与"马鞍型"海温模态分别与雪深第一、第二模态具有显著相关关系,这两种海温模态下对应的北半球中高纬波动作用通量分别呈丝绸之路(SRP)型和欧亚波列(EU)型两种传播特征,对中高纬西风气流的位置、强度产生了不同影响,进而对欧亚雪深分布产生遥相关作用。通过局地多尺度能量涡度分析法(Localized Multiscale Energy and Vorticity Analysis,简称MSE-VA)表明,北大西洋源区有自下向上的动能传输,另外,西风急流出口的平均动能转化增加,使得高层动能累积并向外辐散,从而对下游产生遥相关作用。通过CAM5.1模式模拟研究了北大西洋"三极子型"和"马鞍型"两种海温模态下的波作用通量传播特征,结果较好地验证了来自北大西洋的波动作用通量传播呈"SRP"型和"EU"型两种特征,对应的降雪分布表明两种模态下气候场要素的变化与对应雪深模态的分布特征一致。展开更多
文摘Adopted on 28 October 1997(amended on 15 March and 21 September 2001,on 17 March 2009,on 25 September 2018 and on 25 September 2020)PREAMBLE The Tribunal,Acting pursuant to article 16 of the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea,Annex VI to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,Adopts the following Rules of the Tribunal.
文摘The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategically located on the border of North Vietnam and South Vietnam approximately 14 km north of the DMZ and along the shoreline of the South China Sea. During the Vietnam War, the US Air Force heavily bombed Vinh Moc. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had an important military base on nearby Con Co Island. Brave civil volunteers from Vinh Moc would make the 28 km dangerous journey to the island, disguised as fishermen, to deliver supplies to the soldiers stationed there. The people who remained at Vinh Moc dug tunnels into red basalt hills in order to survive this onslaught. The American forces assessed the villagers of Vinh Moc were supplying food and armaments to the NVA garrison on the island of Con Co, which was in turn hindering the American bombers on their way to bomb Hanoi. The US military objective was to force the villagers of Vinh Moc to leave the area. The villagers initially dug the tunnels to a 10 m depth but the American forces designed bombs that burrowed down 10 m before exploding. The soil tunnels were then deepened to 30 m to provide safety for the soldiers and civilians working there during the intense US Air Force bombing. The primary objective of the research study was to determine how the soils and parent material of Vinh Moc Village, protected their villagers from the United States Air Force bombardment during the Vietnam War. In addition, the natural parent material at both the Vinh Moc and Cu Chi were assessed to determine why the tunnels were so resilient. The Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels were dug by hand in the Old Alluvium soils and parent material where iron in solution precipitated and became the soil binding material. The Vinh Moc tunnels were hand dug in porous, red basalt (bedrock) hills where the consolidated rock structure itself provided the required binding material. Neither site needed support beams to hold up the ceilings.
文摘全新世大暖期(8.5 ka BP^3 ka BP)是全新世高海面和最大海侵期.本文通过分析我国古代神话传说"精卫填海"、"共工触山"、"大禹治水"记录的我国东部海域海平面变化信息,结合沉积学、古气候学、考古学的研究成果,认为全新世大暖期6.1 ka BP^4.0 ka BP期间我国东部海域有3次海侵事件,即6.1 ka BP^5.7 ka BP的海侵事件,4.9 ka BP^4.6 ka BP的海侵事件,4.2 ka BP^4.0 ka BP的海侵事件.
文摘本文利用日本第二次全球大气再分析项目(JRA-55)提供的逐日积雪深度数据、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的全球再分析数据及Hadley海温数据分析了春季欧亚大陆积雪异常模态及其与北大西洋海温的遥相关关系,并通过模式模拟分析验证。结果表明:春季欧亚大陆雪深前两种模态差异显著,分别表现为东、西区域同向变化及反向变化两种非对称形态。其中,同期北大西洋"三极子型"海温模态与"马鞍型"海温模态分别与雪深第一、第二模态具有显著相关关系,这两种海温模态下对应的北半球中高纬波动作用通量分别呈丝绸之路(SRP)型和欧亚波列(EU)型两种传播特征,对中高纬西风气流的位置、强度产生了不同影响,进而对欧亚雪深分布产生遥相关作用。通过局地多尺度能量涡度分析法(Localized Multiscale Energy and Vorticity Analysis,简称MSE-VA)表明,北大西洋源区有自下向上的动能传输,另外,西风急流出口的平均动能转化增加,使得高层动能累积并向外辐散,从而对下游产生遥相关作用。通过CAM5.1模式模拟研究了北大西洋"三极子型"和"马鞍型"两种海温模态下的波作用通量传播特征,结果较好地验证了来自北大西洋的波动作用通量传播呈"SRP"型和"EU"型两种特征,对应的降雪分布表明两种模态下气候场要素的变化与对应雪深模态的分布特征一致。
