Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roots of three mangrove species in Jiulong River Estuary

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) concentrations were determined in the root of three mangrove species(Kandelia candel, Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) and their growing environment(sediment) in mangrove wetlands of Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian, China. The total PAHs(16 parent PAHs) in mangrove sediments ranged from 193.44 to 270.53 ng/g dw, with a mean value of 231.76±31.78 ng/g dw. Compared with other mangrove and coastal marine sediments, the PAHs concentrations of all the sampling areas in this study were at relatively lower level. The total PAHs(13 parent PAHs) values varied from 30.83 to 62.73 ng/g dw in mangrove roots. Benzo[a]pyrene(five-ring), fluoranthene(four-ring) and pyrene(four-ring) dominated in mangrove sediments. Based on ratios of phenathrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene and fluoranthene/pyrene + fluoranthene, the main possible sources of surface sediment PAHs were identified as grass, wood or coal combustion for mangrove wetlands of Jiulong River Estuary. Naphthalene(two-ring) and phenathrene(three-ring) were the most abundant compounds in mangrove roots. Sediment-to-vegetation bioconcentration factors(BCF SV s) were calculated and their relationships with PAHs' physico-chemical properties were investigated. The average BCF SV s of PAHs for three mangrove species roots were almost all under the level of 1 except for naphthalene. Good linear relationship between BCF SV values for mangrove roots and PAHs water solubility, octanol-water partitioning coefficients was derived in present study. The solubility and the octanol-water partition coefficient were proved to be good predictors for the accumulation of PAHs in mangrove roots, respectively.

The study on three-dimensional numerical model and fronts of the Jiulong Estuary and the Xiamen Bay

Applying the methods of on-site observation and dynamic model, the research on the fronts at the Jiulong Estuary has been carried out, during which spatial and temporal distribution, dynamic characteristics and formation mechanism of salinity fronts are analyzed and discussed. The research shows that the estuarine fronts mainly lie in the area from the Jiyu Islet to the Haimen Island, outside of Yuweizai to Hulishan cross-section, the near coast of Yuweizai and the south of the Songyu-Gulangyu Channel. The fronts in the former two regions are formed directly by plume, while the one near the coast of Yuweizai is a tidal intrusion front caused by flood current and the one at the south of the Songyu-Gulangyu Channel is the result of current shear transformation. Under normal circumstances, fresh water of the Jiulong River mainly influences the inside of the Xiamen Bay, and when it is in typhoon seasons, plume front can affect the Taiwan Strait and has an effect on the biogeochemical Drocesses in the strait.

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the particulate phase were ascribed to the preferential leaching of uranium-234 and the small amount of the leaching particulate uranium. The mass ratio of thorium-232 to uranium-238 also showed different values between the dissolved phase and the particulate phase. Mass ratio of thorium-232 to uranium-238 in the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions was less than unity, while those in the different size fractions of particulate phases were larger than unity, reflecting a different behavior between uranium and thorium during their transport into the ocean.

Preliminary study on the distribution of nutrients, organic matter, trace metals in sea surface microlayer in Xiamen Bay and Jiulong Estuary

The enrichment of nutrients (Noa-, Noa-, PO43-), suspended particles, organic matter (POC, PON,DOC) , and trace metals (Cu, Ni, Cd) was determined in the sea surface microlayer of Xiamen Bay and Jiulong Estuary. The mean enrichment factors ([Xi]microlayer/[Xi ]15cm in depth) mostly ranged between 1 . 0 and 2. 0. The dissolved forms were the major forms of the components measured, the enrichment of dissolved organic matter and suspended particles could lead to the changes in the total amount and speciation of nutrients and trace metals. No correlation was observed between sample concentrations, speciation, enrichment factors and sample locations. However, some evidence shows that these parameters are correlated with sea state, indicating the complexity and dynamic nature of the sea surface microlayer.

Role of mangrove in mercury cycling and removal in the Jiulong Estuary

Baseline of mercury in mangrove swamp The mercury content in sediments in the Jiulong Estuary was determined in 1984 and 1985(Table 1). The highest content of mercury in sediments (300×10) was found in Ditou, contrast-ing strongly with the low content of 36×10in Port Dongzhai in the Hainan Island. Tab1e 1 showsthat the average content of mercury in sediments in the Jiulong Estuary is 140×10and the averageof four areas is 72×10. This value means that these areas have not been heavily contaminated by

Stable isotope geochemical characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian Province, China

The isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) in estuarine environments has been studied for its significant role in determining the isotopic composition of inorganic/organic matter and its applications to the study of various natural processes. In this paper, based on the stable isotope geochemical characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Jiulong River Estuary, the following conclusions are drawn:(1) δ13CDIC values are mainly controlled by the mixing ratio of fresh water and sea water;(2) δ13Cphytoplankton values are linearly related to the δ13CDIC values;(3) δ13CPOM values for the Jiulong River Estuary are affected by anthropogenic pollution significantly; and(4) the comprehensive analysis of δ13Cphytoplankton, δ13CPOM and δ13CDIC shows that along with increasing salinity, the proportion of POM derived from the degradation of phytoplanktons gradually increases.

Qeochemical behaviour of iodine in Jiulong River Estuary

Dissolved iodine species and the relationship between its distribution and salinity in Jiulong River estuarine water have been determined. It has been found that the total iodine, iodate and iodide are positive linear with salinity. This indicates that dissolved iodine species (IO-3 and I- ) in estuarine water .how conservative behaviour. The river water contains 2. 40μg/1 as iodide and less than 1. 0μg/1 as iodate, and iodide is the predominant species. Whereas the sea water contains 39. 4μg/1 as iodate and 4. 00μg/1 as iodide, and iodate is the dominant form. The distribution of dissolved iodine in pore water, as a function of depth, has been studied. Iodine in pore water occurs as iodide. The apparent fluxes of soluble iodine from the sediment to the overlying water in the estuary have been determined. The values are 2. 4 (15℃) and 27μmol/(m2·d) (30℃) respectively.

Fast acclimation of phytoplankton assemblies to acute salinity stress in the Jiulong River Estuary

Mixing of freshwater and seawater creates the well-known salinity gradients along the estuaries. In order to investigate how phytoplankton respond to the acute salinity changes, we exposed natural phytoplankton assemblies from the Jiulong River Estuary to differential saline field water while continuously monitoring their photosynthetic performances under both indoor-and outdoor-growth conditions. When the natural cell assemblies from salinity 30 field water were exposed to series low saline field water(salinity 25, 17, 13 and 7.5), the effective Photosystem II quantum yield(ΔF/Fm′) decreased sharply, e.g., to one-fifth of its initials after 5 min exposure to salinity 7.5 field water, and then increased fast during the following 40 min and almost completely recovered after 320 min. During such an exposure process, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) sharply increased from 0 to 0.85 within 5 min, and then decreased to nearly 0 within the following 70 min. When these cells re-acclimated to salinity 7.5 field water were exposed to series high saline field water(salinity 13, 17, 25 and 30), a similar response pattern was observed, with the decreased ΔF/Fm′ accompanied with increased NPQ, and followed by the recovery-induced increase in ΔF/Fm′ and decrease in NPQ. A similar response pattern as ΔF/Fm′to the acute osmotic stress was also observed in the photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity according to radiocarbon(14C) incorporation. Our results indicate that estuarine phytoplankton assemblies could rapidly recover from the acute osmotic stress, implying a potential cause for their frequent blooms in coastal-estuarine waters where despite drastically varying salinity, available nutrients are abundant due to the land-derived runoffs or mixing-caused relaxations from sediments.

Characteristics of Heavy Minerals Composition and Distribution in Jiulong River Estuary Sediment

The bottom sediment samples were gathered during island investigation in 1994 and in the period of carrying out the natural science fund project of Fujian in 1999. The composition, distribution and assemblage characteristics of heavy minerals which granularity distributes from 0.063 to 0.125 mm in the sediment from Jiulong River estuary are studied in the paper. The results show that there are 49 kinds of heavy minerals and the average content of them is 9.38 %. The dominant and characteristic minerals are magnetite, hematite, epidote, ilmenite, limonite, hornblende, zircon, andalusite, biotite and so on. 4 mineral assemblage ⅠⅡzones (.The watercourse gateway of Jiulong River mineral zone, . The northern estuary ⅢⅣof Jiulong River mineral zone, . The southern estuary mineral zone, . The eastern estuary of Jiulong River mineral zone ), can be divided based on the heavy mineral contents and the distribution characteristics, which not only relates to the matter sources but also is controlled by hydrodynamic condition and the sedimentary environment in the Jiulong River estuary.

Distribution and number change of the Littorinid (Gastropoda) on intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong Estuary, Fujian Province

-Among four species of Littorinid, Littorina scabra, L. brevicula, Nodiliitorina millegrana and N. pyramidalis pyramidalis, on the hard intertidal zone in the Jiulong Estuary, Fujian, L. scabra has the most extensive distribution both vertically and horizontally, and the highest anual average density. The uppermost limit of vertical distribution of N. pyramidalis pyramidalis is higher than the other three Littorinid. Desiccation is a main factor affecting the uppermost limit of vertical distribution of the Littorinid. The increasing wave action will raise the uppermost limit vertical distribution of Littorinid. With seasonal changes, the densities of the Littorinid also change in different tidal zonations. Difference in salinity is the main factor affecting the horizontal distribution of the Littorinid in the estuary.

Distribution and number change of the Littorinidae (Gastropoda) on intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estuary

There are 4 species of Littorinidae on the intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estu-ary. They are Littorina scabra, L. brevicula, Nodilittorina pyramidalis pyramidalis and N.millegrana. Of these species, L. scabra is a dominant species. According to the results of in-vestigation, we find distribution patterns of the Littorinidae on intertidal hard bed in theestuary as follows: (1)There is no Littorinid species at Haicheng Station. (2)There is only Lit-

基于时序InSAR的九龙江河口地区地面沉降时空演变规律及成因分析

为探明九龙江河口地区地面沉降情况,本研究采用小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量(small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar, SBAS-InSAR)和永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture rader, PS-InSAR)技术获取了2017年1月至2022年3月地面沉降的时空分布信息和演变规律,并结合实地调查数据和水文地质调查监测资料对地面沉降成因进行了系统分析。研究结果表明:SBAS-InSAR和PS-InSAR两种方法均发现在研究期间九龙河口地区地面整体呈现出沉降趋势,SBAS-InSAR监测结果发现研究区沉降速率为6.2 mm/a;研究期间该区域的沉降中心持续扩大且沉降量呈增加趋势,最大累积沉降量达到250 mm以上,主要分布在浮宫镇中南部地区、海澄镇、东园镇中南部地区、角美镇和榜山镇东南部地区;该区域由于大量抽取地下水用于养殖,地下水位下降,引起淤泥层发生固结排水、压密,从而导致地面沉降。

九龙江河口区TEP及其与铀、钍、钋同位素相关性的研究

对九龙江河口区不同粒级的TEP含量分布及其与238U2、34U2、34Th2、32Th2、30Th2、28Th2、10Po的放射性比活度和Chl-a含量的相关性进行了研究.结果表明:悬浮颗粒物(SPM)和TEP的粒级分布及深度变化趋势明显不同,这与两者的来源及其贡献不同有关,同时也表明不同粒级的颗粒物在吸附TEP等过程中所起的作用有较大差异.TEP与238U2、34U2、34Th等核素的关系表明,当用234Th-238U和210Po2-10Pb不平衡估算海区的POC输出通量时,应当重视TEP的作用与影响.TEP与Chl-a有一定的正相关性,表明该研究海域TEP与浮游植物有较密切的关系,可能是由浮游植物的细胞外分泌物所形成.

水体微塑料的垂向分布及采样方法比较研究——以九龙江河口为例

由于受到潮汐过程的影响,河口区微塑料的调查和研究存在着方法不统一、数据误差较大的问题.2019年夏季使用泵采法在九龙江河口开展原位全水层微塑料采样,对不同水层、不同站位间的微塑料丰度及其赋存特征进行分析,并与其他在该河口的相关调查研究结果进行对比.结果表明:九龙江河口表、中、底层水体中的微塑料赋存量存在明显差异,河流入海口及靠近污染源处表层水中微塑料丰度明显高于中、底层中,在潮汐作用剧烈的河口区,中、底层中微塑料丰度高于表层水中,存在明显分层现象;使用不同采样方法获取的微塑料数量浓度值存在较大差异,泵采法相比拖网法能更有效地截留塑料纤维;使用泵采法过滤水样体积、滤经筛网孔径大小都对收集到的微塑料丰度、尺寸有显著影响.采样方法的不同将导致微塑料丰度结果的显著差异,在潮汐河口进行微塑料监测有必要将潮汐作用考虑在内.因此,建议建立潮汐河口的微塑料业务化监测和通量观测,并采用洪、枯季,大、小潮的全潮时段的观测采样方法.

九龙江入海河口水质主要化学要素含量年际变化趋势和季节变化特征研究

文章根据2011—2020年九龙江河口入海监测断面表层水连续10年的水质监测数据得出:(1)2011—2020年九龙江河口入海监测断面表层水水质年际变化特征为近10年来九龙江入海河口水质得到了明显改善,尤其是2016—2020年高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷、石油类浓度呈现持续下降的趋势,下降幅度较大,表明“十三五”期间九龙江流域水质得到了明显改善,但是总氮仍然超标严重。(2)2020年九龙江河口入海监测断面水质的季节变化特征为:高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、无机氮、总磷夏季含量相对较低,冬季含量相对较高。化学需氧量的季节变化特征为冬季含量相对较低,秋季含量相对较高。而石油类的季节变化特征为秋季含量相对较低,春季和冬季含量相对较高。(3)2011—2020年九龙江与闽江、晋江、龙江、木兰溪等福建省内其他主要入海河流河口入海监测断面水质对比分析得出,闽江、晋江河口入海监测断面水质较好,龙江、木兰溪河口入海监测断面水质较差,九龙江河口入海监测断面水质一般。研究结果以期为九龙江水环境规划与管理提供参考。

九龙江入海口红树林生境保护与生态修复措施评价

1988年福建省政府批准成立九龙江入海口红树林保护区,后因围海养殖、滩涂围垦等人类活动和自然因素的影响,红树林面积锐减,红树林生态系统受到损害。本文以九龙江入海口海岸带红树林为研究对象,在红树林分布区的潮间带和潮下带布设21个采样点,收集水样及表层沉积物,并进行相应的理化分析。通过现场勘测、文献调研、模型计算,确定研究区域主要的红树林物种为秋茄,盐度为2.5‰~25‰,底质中值粒径小于0.05 mm,淹没时间小于6 h的环境比较适合重建秋茄林。基于秋茄针对盐度、底质粒径、淹没时间三项指标所构建的栖息地适宜度模型能够比较好地指示关注区对种植秋茄的适宜度。研究成果对九龙江区域红树林生态修复和生物多样性恢复具有重要意义,对类似独流入海型河流河口红树林修复亦起到借鉴作用。

Contamination by Organochlorine Pesticides in the Estuaries of Southeast China

Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides are of global concern due to their widespread occurrence and persistence. This paper reports recent research studying the distribution and fate of organochlorine pesticides in the Jiulong River, the Minjiang River and the Pearl River estuaries in Southeast China. Eighteen organochlorine pesticides were extracted from water, pore water and sediment samples, followed by analysis by GC ECD. The results showed that the contamination levels were similar in these three estuaries. The levels of the total organochlorine pesticides in porewater were significantly higher than those in surface water, due to the high affinity of these hydrophobic compounds for sediment phase. Among the hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH) compounds, β HCH was found to be the most important isomer. The analysis of 1,1,1 trichloro 2,2 bis chlorophenyl ethane(DDT) and its metabolites showed that 1,1 dichloro 2[ o chlorophenyl] 2[ p chlorophenyl] ethylene(DDE) was dominant in the group.

九龙江口潮下带春季小型底栖动物分布及优势类群海洋线虫的群落结构分析

小型底栖动物世代周期短,对环境的变化较为敏感,是海洋环境质量评估中重要的指示生物,其多样性指数和群落分布格局可以作为环境监测的有效工具.为了解福建省九龙江口小型底栖动物分布及多样性,于2018年4月(春季)在九龙江口潮下带沿着盐度梯度设置11个站位,进行小型底栖动物类群、密度以及自由生活海洋线虫(简称海洋线虫)多样性及群落结构分析,结果共鉴定出9个小型底栖动物类群,分别是海洋线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、动吻类、端足类、介形类、双壳类、纽虫,以及其他类.小型底栖动物和海洋线虫的平均密度分别为(323±404)ind/(10 cm^(2))和(292±414)ind/(10 cm^(2)).此外共鉴定出海洋线虫58属,主要优势属有Daptonema、Desmodora、Sabatieria、Parodontophora、Spilophorella和Neochromadora.海洋线虫主要摄食类型为非选择性沉积食性者和刮食者.地理位置接近的站位,海洋线虫群落结构也较相似,部分站位平行样间呈现较高的群落结构空间异质性.根据海洋线虫的各项生物变量进行九龙江口生态质量状况评价,结果表明近河口和远河口的环境受到污染或扰动较大.盐度低的站位其生物多样性指数也低,盐度可能是影响海洋线虫群落结构的重要环境因子.

九龙江口潮滩表层沉积物有机质的分布、来源及沉积环境指示意义

本研究旨在揭示九龙江口潮滩有机质含量及其来源的时空分异规律,寻找有效识别潮滩沉积环境的有机碳指标,以便更好地将有机碳应用于河口沉积微相识别和古环境研究。在九龙江口潮滩不同地貌单元,于夏季和冬季采集41个表层沉积物,进行粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和稳定碳同位素(δ^(13)C)测试。结果显示:从高潮滩至低潮滩,沉积物粒度逐渐变粗,TOC、TN和C/N变小,δ^(13)C值偏正。高潮滩有机质来源以陆源和红树林贡献为主,中潮滩以海源和互花米草贡献为主,低潮滩以海源贡献为主。九龙江口潮滩有机质的分布和来源受控于河口陆海相互作用的季节变化、潮滩沉积动力分异和潮滩植被分布。高潮滩与中–低潮滩之间,TOC存在显著性差异,TN、δ^(13)C存在极显著性差异,因此参数组合TOC、TN和δ^(13)C可作为高潮滩与中–低潮滩的有效判别指标。

九龙江河口水体粪类有机质污染时空变化特征研究

河口是陆源污染物入海的主要通道,在全球气候快速变化和人类活动加剧的背景下,河流入海污染物通量急剧增加,导致河口、海湾及其周边海域水体污染、生态受损等严峻的环境问题发生。本文选取了受极端事件和人类活动影响显著的我国东南强潮型的九龙江河口,利用粪甾醇有机标志物手段开展河口环境粪类污染示踪研究,探讨九龙江河口区粪类污染物(“源”)进入河流后的入海行为(“到”),揭示粪类有机质在近河口海域时空分布特征及受控因素(“汇”)。研究发现,不同季节的河口径流过程和潮汐作用影响粪类有机污染物的时空分布,潮汐过程对中上游河口区水体环境中粪甾醇的赋存影响较大,呈现高潮低浓度而低潮高浓度的潮周期变化特征;河口区粪甾醇在陆−海输运过程的赋存特征还受控于最大浑浊带复杂的水体和沉积动力过程,对粪类有机污染物有一定的净化作用;研究还通过对比人为源贡献主导的氨氮等河流输入的营养盐说明粪甾醇在河口区的时空分布特征与人类活动密切相关。