John Kennedy's first inaugural address is one of the widely appreciated speeches worldwide. It is famous not only for calling up the American people to well serve the country, but also for its extraordinary lingui...John Kennedy's first inaugural address is one of the widely appreciated speeches worldwide. It is famous not only for calling up the American people to well serve the country, but also for its extraordinary linguistic power to arouse the listeners' emotions, which lies to a great extent in the marvelous employment of the cohesive and coherent devices in the process of its delivery. Cohesion and coherence are two elementary and significant concepts in the theoretical system of discourse analysis. There-fore, they play an important role in the structuring, arrangement, interpretation and analysis of a discourse. In this sense, it is significant to analyze the cohesive and coherent features of John Kennedy's first inaugural address in order to obtain a penetrating comprehension of the speech in many aspects. A detailed analysis on the cohesive and coherent features of the speech has been conducted in this paper. In the aspect of cohesion in the address, the devices employed fall into two categories: structural cohesion and non-structural cohesion. Structural cohesive devices used in the discourse are mainly grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion like repetition, ellipsis, conjunction, etc. Non-structural methods adopted in the speech are transitivity, mood and modality, thematic progression, parallel structure and so on. In the aspect of coherence, five levels of coherent methods have been employed, namely, lexical level, syntax level, semantic level, phonological level and social semiotic level. The neat intermingling of the cohesive and coherent methods function cooperatively and lead to the smooth going of the text.展开更多
This paper describes a test with the AI program ChatGPT.In the test,essentially a simplified Turing test,the author texted increasingly more sophisticated questions to ChatGPT and evaluated whether the conversing AI’...This paper describes a test with the AI program ChatGPT.In the test,essentially a simplified Turing test,the author texted increasingly more sophisticated questions to ChatGPT and evaluated whether the conversing AI’s answers could or could not have come from another human.The questions were related to:(1)the author’s identity;(2)the task of separating correct and false information;(3)the accounts of Jesus’crucifixion;(4)the health-aspects of marijuana;(5)the last flight of John F.Kennedy Jr.;and(6)the identity of the conversing AI itself.It was found that ChatGPT passed the intelligence criteria of the simplified Turing test,as the author subjectively experienced his conversation with this AI as an interaction between two humans.On the other hand,ChatGPT didn’t pass the threshold of the intelligence definition of cosmological neuroscience,as the program lacked the analytic reasoning separating truth from falseness,clarity from ambiguity and the highly significant from the less significant,while it did not show the signs of originality and creative superimpositions either.It should still be acknowledged that ChatGPT represents the birth of an AI with the potential of elevating artificial conversations into the realm of human existence-whether or not it makes sense.The strange last line of the conversing AI,“I’m quite happy being an AI for now”,suggested that in future ChatGPT may change the scope of its functions-just as other AIs may do.Whether or not this will be beneficial for humankind,it will be decided by the extent to which these programs serve evil and divine causes.The paper argues that in order to let the divine side win over the evil one,the guidance of the father of AI,Alan Turing,would be prudent to consider.This guidance was given in his historic paper in October,1950,issue of the journal Mind,where Turing indicated that work like his on intelligent machines is compatible with God’s will,“providing mansions for the souls that He creates.”展开更多
American campaigning has become increasingly complex as it adjusts to our ever-changing cultural landscape. The use of electronic media in the presidential campaigns of 1960 and 2008 is illustrative of this shift. A c...American campaigning has become increasingly complex as it adjusts to our ever-changing cultural landscape. The use of electronic media in the presidential campaigns of 1960 and 2008 is illustrative of this shift. A content analysis of these two campaigns demonstrates how each applied the newest technologies available at the time to define the candidate＇s image and export the messages to the electorate. Whether it be Kennedy＇s use of television or Obama＇s usage of social media, the role that new media of the day played in both campaigns clearly set the tone for future political campaigns. This examination of the role of media in both elections serves to form a primer for how the successful applications of new media lead to campaign victory. Then and now, the growing influence of new technologies on campaigning makes it necessary to compare and contrast the successful usages and strategies employed. The need for continuing analysis will grow in the coming years.展开更多
Several historians confirm that John Fitzgerald Kennedy has been dead longer than he lived.Alan Brinkley says,“On the morning of 22 November,1963,he woke up as President with admirers and detractors,a man with a reco...Several historians confirm that John Fitzgerald Kennedy has been dead longer than he lived.Alan Brinkley says,“On the morning of 22 November,1963,he woke up as President with admirers and detractors,a man with a record-some of it good,some of it not.He became a legend posthumously”(John F.Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum,2012).A charismatic Kennedy unveiled an optimistic American dream that captivated the hearts of every American citizen.He used the TV to channel his sentiments about civil rights,communism,and made the United States strong to resist evil in the world.By speaking directly to the national audience,“he made the television more famous than it was”(Gillon,2019).His presidency is intertwined to the visionary ideal of Camelot(symbolizing idyllic happiness,high hopes,and humanitarianism)that makes his American promise an attractive calling and continues to entice Democrats to emulate his destiny.展开更多
DeLillo's treatments of Lee Harvey Oswald in Libra take place this rhetoric of image, and the place of image within historical, imagistic, and textual context. DeLillo's fiction is very much concerned with the...DeLillo's treatments of Lee Harvey Oswald in Libra take place this rhetoric of image, and the place of image within historical, imagistic, and textual context. DeLillo's fiction is very much concerned with the ideological subtext of history that has exploited the resources of intertextuality. It has a long finding of meta-fiction to reveal there is no history without a full-blown meta-history to make plain Hayden White's contention. The general field of intertextuality was presented by Gerard Genette. Miami was a city of open wounds of explosive politics and feelings. Of all the cities, attempt made the conspiracy on the Cuban head. This city was very inflammable. Cuban heat and light were made him determined to keep the plan a secret from anti-Castro leaders. Four months earlier Kennedy had been accepted the brigade flag from survivors of the invasion, and many just have ransomed from Cuban prisons.展开更多
文摘John Kennedy's first inaugural address is one of the widely appreciated speeches worldwide. It is famous not only for calling up the American people to well serve the country, but also for its extraordinary linguistic power to arouse the listeners' emotions, which lies to a great extent in the marvelous employment of the cohesive and coherent devices in the process of its delivery. Cohesion and coherence are two elementary and significant concepts in the theoretical system of discourse analysis. There-fore, they play an important role in the structuring, arrangement, interpretation and analysis of a discourse. In this sense, it is significant to analyze the cohesive and coherent features of John Kennedy's first inaugural address in order to obtain a penetrating comprehension of the speech in many aspects. A detailed analysis on the cohesive and coherent features of the speech has been conducted in this paper. In the aspect of cohesion in the address, the devices employed fall into two categories: structural cohesion and non-structural cohesion. Structural cohesive devices used in the discourse are mainly grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion like repetition, ellipsis, conjunction, etc. Non-structural methods adopted in the speech are transitivity, mood and modality, thematic progression, parallel structure and so on. In the aspect of coherence, five levels of coherent methods have been employed, namely, lexical level, syntax level, semantic level, phonological level and social semiotic level. The neat intermingling of the cohesive and coherent methods function cooperatively and lead to the smooth going of the text.
文摘This paper describes a test with the AI program ChatGPT.In the test,essentially a simplified Turing test,the author texted increasingly more sophisticated questions to ChatGPT and evaluated whether the conversing AI’s answers could or could not have come from another human.The questions were related to:(1)the author’s identity;(2)the task of separating correct and false information;(3)the accounts of Jesus’crucifixion;(4)the health-aspects of marijuana;(5)the last flight of John F.Kennedy Jr.;and(6)the identity of the conversing AI itself.It was found that ChatGPT passed the intelligence criteria of the simplified Turing test,as the author subjectively experienced his conversation with this AI as an interaction between two humans.On the other hand,ChatGPT didn’t pass the threshold of the intelligence definition of cosmological neuroscience,as the program lacked the analytic reasoning separating truth from falseness,clarity from ambiguity and the highly significant from the less significant,while it did not show the signs of originality and creative superimpositions either.It should still be acknowledged that ChatGPT represents the birth of an AI with the potential of elevating artificial conversations into the realm of human existence-whether or not it makes sense.The strange last line of the conversing AI,“I’m quite happy being an AI for now”,suggested that in future ChatGPT may change the scope of its functions-just as other AIs may do.Whether or not this will be beneficial for humankind,it will be decided by the extent to which these programs serve evil and divine causes.The paper argues that in order to let the divine side win over the evil one,the guidance of the father of AI,Alan Turing,would be prudent to consider.This guidance was given in his historic paper in October,1950,issue of the journal Mind,where Turing indicated that work like his on intelligent machines is compatible with God’s will,“providing mansions for the souls that He creates.”
文摘American campaigning has become increasingly complex as it adjusts to our ever-changing cultural landscape. The use of electronic media in the presidential campaigns of 1960 and 2008 is illustrative of this shift. A content analysis of these two campaigns demonstrates how each applied the newest technologies available at the time to define the candidate＇s image and export the messages to the electorate. Whether it be Kennedy＇s use of television or Obama＇s usage of social media, the role that new media of the day played in both campaigns clearly set the tone for future political campaigns. This examination of the role of media in both elections serves to form a primer for how the successful applications of new media lead to campaign victory. Then and now, the growing influence of new technologies on campaigning makes it necessary to compare and contrast the successful usages and strategies employed. The need for continuing analysis will grow in the coming years.
文摘Several historians confirm that John Fitzgerald Kennedy has been dead longer than he lived.Alan Brinkley says,“On the morning of 22 November,1963,he woke up as President with admirers and detractors,a man with a record-some of it good,some of it not.He became a legend posthumously”(John F.Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum,2012).A charismatic Kennedy unveiled an optimistic American dream that captivated the hearts of every American citizen.He used the TV to channel his sentiments about civil rights,communism,and made the United States strong to resist evil in the world.By speaking directly to the national audience,“he made the television more famous than it was”(Gillon,2019).His presidency is intertwined to the visionary ideal of Camelot(symbolizing idyllic happiness,high hopes,and humanitarianism)that makes his American promise an attractive calling and continues to entice Democrats to emulate his destiny.
文摘DeLillo's treatments of Lee Harvey Oswald in Libra take place this rhetoric of image, and the place of image within historical, imagistic, and textual context. DeLillo's fiction is very much concerned with the ideological subtext of history that has exploited the resources of intertextuality. It has a long finding of meta-fiction to reveal there is no history without a full-blown meta-history to make plain Hayden White's contention. The general field of intertextuality was presented by Gerard Genette. Miami was a city of open wounds of explosive politics and feelings. Of all the cities, attempt made the conspiracy on the Cuban head. This city was very inflammable. Cuban heat and light were made him determined to keep the plan a secret from anti-Castro leaders. Four months earlier Kennedy had been accepted the brigade flag from survivors of the invasion, and many just have ransomed from Cuban prisons.
