Optimization of Fixture Number in Large Thin-Walled Parts Assembly Based on IPSO

There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.

Development of Fixture Layout Optimization for Thin-Walled Parts:A Review

An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.

Optimization of material removal strategy in milling of thin-walled parts

The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.

Initial residual stress experiment and simulation of thin-walled parts for layer removal method

Thin-walled parts have low stiffness characteristic. Initial residual stress of thin-walled blanks is an important influence factor on machining stability. The present work is to verify the feasibility of an initial residual stress measurement of layer removal method. According to initial residual stress experiment for casting ZL205 A aluminum alloy tapered thin-walled blank by a common method,namely hole-drilling method,three finite element models with initial residual stress are established to simulate the layer removal method in ABAQUS and ANSYS software. By analyzing the results of simulation and experiments,the cutting residual stress inlayer removal process has a significant effect on measurement results. Reducing cutting residual stress is helpful to improve accuracy of layer removal method.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Joint optimization of maintenance inspection and spare provisioning for aircraft deteriorating parts

With the wide application of condition based maintenance(CBM) in aircraft maintenance practice, the joint optimization of maintenance and inventory management, which can take full advantage of CBM and reduce the aircraft operational cost, is receiving increasing attention. In order to optimize the inspection interval, maintenance decision and spare provisioning together for aircraft deteriorating parts, firstly, a joint inventory management strategy is presented, then, a joint optimization of maintenance inspection and spare provisioning for aircraft parts subject to the Wiener degradation process is proposed based on the strategy.Secondly, a combination of the genetic algorithm(GA) and the Monte Carol method is developed to minimize the total cost rate.Finally, a case study is conducted and the proposed joint optimization model is compared with the existing optimization model and the airline real case. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is more beneficial and effective. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the proposed model shows that the lead time has higher influence on the optimal results than the urgent order cost and the corrective maintenance cost, which is consistent with the actual situation of aircraft maintenance practices and inventory management.

Deformation Analysis and Fixture Design of Thin-walled Cylinder in Drilling Process Based on TRIZ Theory

Thin-walled cylindrical workpiece is easy to deform during machining and clamping processes due to the insufficient rigidi.Moreover,it’s also difficult to ensure the perpendicularity of flange holes during drilling process.In this paper,the element birth and death technique is used to obtain the axial deformation of the hole through finite element simulation.The measured value of the perpendicularity of the hole was compared with the simulated value to verify then the rationality of the simulation model.To reduce the perpendicularity error of the hole in the drilling process,the theory of inventive principle solution(TRIZ)was used to analyze the drilling process of thin-walled cylinder,and the corresponding fixture was developed to adjust the supporting surface height adaptively.Three different fixture supporting layout schemes were used for numerical simulation of drilling process,and the maximum,average and standard deviation of the axial deformation of the flange holes and their maximum hole perpendicularity errors were comparatively analyzed,and the optimal arrangement was optimized.The results show that the proposed deformation control strategy can effectively improve the drilling deformation of thin-walled cylindrical workpiece,thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the parts.

Relative Varying Dynamics Based Whole Cutting Process Optimization for Thin‑walled Parts

Thin-walled parts are typically difficult-to-cut components due to the complex dynamics in cutting process.The dynamics is variant for part during machining,but invariant for machine tool.The variation of the relative dynamics results in the difference of cutting stage division and cutting parameter selection.This paper develops a novel method for whole cutting process optimization based on the relative varying dynamic characteristic of machining system.A new strategy to distinguish cutting stages depending on the dominated dynamics during machining process is proposed,and a thickness-dependent model to predict the dynamics of part is developed.Optimal cutting parameters change with stages,which can be divided by the critical thickness of part.Based on the dynamics comparison between machine tool and thickness-varying part,the critical thicknesses are predicted by an iterative algorithm.The proposed method is validated by the machining of three benchmarks.Good agreements have been obtained between prediction and experimental results in terms of stages identification,meanwhile,the optimized parameters perform well during the whole cutting process.

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace,national defense,energy and precision physical experiments.However,the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools.In this paper,an elliptical vibration cutting(EVC)with active cutting edge shift(ACES)based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool.Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge,the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed.Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted.The evolutions of the surface roughness,surface topography,and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed.The reasonable parameters of ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined.It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography.The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge,so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed.A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter φ240 mm,height 122 mm,and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method,and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2μm and Ra less than 50 nm,respectively.

基于局部Transformer的泰语分词和词性标注联合模型

泰语分词和词性标注任务二者之间存在高关联性,已有研究表明将分词和词性标注任务进行联合学习可以有效提升模型性能,为此,提出了一种针对泰语拼写和构词特点的分词和词性标注联合模型。针对泰语中字符构成音节,音节组成词语的特点,采用局部Transformer网络从音节序列中学习分词特征;考虑到词根和词缀等音节与词性的关联,将用于分词的音节特征融入词语序列特征,缓解未知词的词性标注特征缺失问题。在此基础上,模型采用线性分类层预测分词标签,采用线性条件随机场建模词性序列的依赖关系。在泰语数据集LST20上的试验结果表明,模型分词F1、词性标注微平均F1和宏平均F1分别达到96.33%、97.06%和85.98%,相较基线模型分别提升了0.33%、0.44%和0.12%。

“两墙合一”深基坑工程设计与技术创新

北京CBD核心区某项目基坑深度36m,因受场地空间限制,采用“两墙合一”+内支撑支护体系,在实现基坑挡土、止水功能的同时完成了地下结构外墙施工。为提高工程质量和施工效率,针对地连墙与主体结构的连接、槽段接头处理方式、有限空间导墙结合近接建筑物预换撑等方面进行了技术创新,取得了较好的工程效果,可供类似工程参考。

接头零件小腰形槽加工工艺的改进

对接头零件的结构进行分析,改进接头零件小腰形槽的加工工艺,采用数控铣削代替电加工,提高加工效率。设计制作成组夹具,工装采用偏心夹紧,一次装夹多个零件,进而提高机床利用率。通过加工工艺改进,在卧式加工中心上实现接头零件小腰形槽及周边棱边倒角的加工,解决了加工瓶颈,提高了加工效率,降低了劳动强度。

论建筑物管理人在高空抛坠物事件中的安全保障义务

《民法典》第1254条规定建筑物管理人在高空抛坠物侵权事件中负担安全保障义务具有正当性,其不同于第1198条的一般安全保障义务,具有约定性、协助性与防范性的特点。在建筑物管理人的主体认定上,原则上采取实质标准,即是否具备专业技能且实际提供物业服务,在小区未委托物业服务企业进行管理时应将全体业主作为共同的建筑物管理人。在确定建筑物管理人安全保障义务的内容及限度上,应以约定或法定义务为前提,综合考虑主观预见和客观行动。在责任衔接上,建筑物管理人与具体侵权人之间应处于同一顺位,二者构成不真正部分连带责任,建筑物管理人承担责任后享有对具体侵权人的追偿权;建筑物管理人与可能加害的建筑物使用人之间构成真正补充责任,由建筑物管理人在过错范围内先行承担赔偿责任,剩余部分再由建筑物使用人进行补偿分担,彼此之间不存在追偿权。

融合多粒度特征的低资源语言词性标注和依存分析联合模型

研究低资源语言的词性标注和依存分析对推动低资源自然语言处理任务有着重要的作用。针对低资源语言词嵌入表示,已有工作并没有充分利用字符、子词层面信息编码,导致模型无法利用不同粒度的特征。对此,该文提出融合多粒度特征的词嵌入表示,利用不同的语言模型分别获得字符、子词以及词语层面的语义信息,将三种粒度的词嵌入进行拼接,达到丰富语义信息的目的,缓解由于标注数据稀缺导致的依存分析模型性能不佳的问题。进一步将词性标注和依存分析模型进行联合训练,使模型之间能相互共享知识,降低词性标注错误在依存分析任务上的线性传递。以泰语、越南语为研究对象,在宾州树库数据集上的试验表明,该文方法相比于基线模型的UAS、LAS、POS均有明显提升。

秦岭—祁连结合部陇山构造带地质演化探讨——早古生代晚期花岗岩和中基性包裹体地球化学和独居石、锆石U-Pb年龄证据

笔者等对秦岭—祁连结合部陇山构造带内部侵入于陇山岩群中的片麻状二长花岗岩和其中的黑云斜长片麻岩包裹体进行了地球化学和独居石、锆石U-Pb年代学研究。片麻状二长花岗岩具有I型花岗岩的地球化学特征,对其进行的LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb测年获得年龄433.5±1.8 Ma,锆石U-Pb测年获得了3个主峰年龄(439.5 Ma、634.5 Ma和2265 Ma)和5个次级峰值年龄(568.7 Ma、1875 Ma、2112 Ma、2604 Ma和2738 Ma)。黑云斜长片麻岩的地球化学特征反映其原岩是经历过显著的结晶分异作用的中基性岩,在其中分选出了两类锆石:①环带清晰且经受了热液蚀变的岩浆锆石,对其U-Pb测年获得了一条很好的不一致线,不一致线的上、下交点年龄分别是2194±42 Ma和431.2±58.1 Ma;②CL图像整体很暗的变质锆石或热液蚀变锆石,在这类锆石中获得了峰值年龄513.1 Ma。结合区域地质资料,笔者等把片麻状二长花岗岩的形成时间限定为431.2~439.5 Ma,把黑云斜长片麻岩原岩的形成时间限定为2194±42 Ma。片麻状二长花岗岩与文献揭示的围岩(斜长角闪片岩)的形成时间基本一致,暗示431.2~439.5 Ma期间陇山地区大量发育中基性和酸性岩浆活动,岩浆作用具有显著的地区差异特点。北祁连洋盆和北秦岭西段洋盆向北的俯冲活动在513.1 Ma时可能影响到了本文研究区。2738 Ma、2604 Ma、2112 Ma~2265 Ma和1875 Ma等峰值年龄分别应该是华北克拉通在新太古代晚期的陆壳生长事件和古元古代早期克拉通裂解事件在研究区的反映。634.5 Ma期间研究区可能处于一种未知的特别的构造环境。总体来看,陇山构造带在前寒武纪时作为华北地块的一部分而演化,显生宙以来其构造演化过程受到秦岭造山带和北祁连造山带的显著影响。

一起220 kV电缆故障中间接头解剖分析

在城市供电系统中越来越多地采用电力电缆输配电,当供电距离较长时通常在线路上要出现电缆接头,多年的运行经验显示90%以上的电缆运行故障是由接头故障引发的。以一起220 kV电缆中间接头故障为例,通过对故障接头的解剖和故障原因的深入分析,发现接头内部环氧树脂预制件发生贯穿性击穿,击穿通道起于预制件内部铝电极,终于铜壳体内表面,最终确定故障原因是接头预制件存在质量问题。

航天试验部队训练装备备件军地联合库存建模研究

为提高航天试验部队训练装备备件保障效能,基于航天军民融合的思路,提出一种基于信息共享跨级直供的航天试验部队训练装备备件库存模型,对现有备件库存流程进行了一定优化。将军地双方视为一个系统进行整体建模,着眼军地双赢的目标,结合案例融合系统动力学仿真方法对现行库存模式和提出的模型进行仿真分析,结果表明建立的库存模型能够有效降低备件保障延误时间,减少供应商的过量生产和储备,能够从提高备件保障效能和降低经济成本等方面实现军地两方的双赢,为提高航天试验部队训练装备备件保障能力,促进训练水平提升提供借鉴。

以正犯为中心认定共同犯罪之倡导——以共犯本质学说为切入点

当今的共犯本质学说之争在部分犯罪共同说和构成要件的行为共同说之间展开,部分犯罪共同说已取得事实上的通说地位,但近年来国内行为共同说支持者逐渐增多,对我国共犯理论产生了重要影响。部分犯罪共同说和行为犯罪共同说都有其无法解决的问题,关键点在于共同犯罪的认定。以正犯为中心认定共同犯罪的实质客观说对正犯的认定和处罚是必要也是合理的,既能合理解决共犯本质说难以解决的共同犯罪认定问题,也能合理解决片面的共同犯罪问题,对我国司法实践具有指导意义。

橡胶弹性节点成型工艺分析与模具设计

对橡胶弹性节点的结构特点和成型工艺进行分析,并设计了模具,通过设计上推板和下推板解决了成型零件脱模难的问题,并对注射模结构与模具工作过程进行了说明。实际结果证明:设计的模具解决了成型零件留在上模的脱模问题,模具操作简单,成型零件合格率高,可为同类结构橡胶零件的模具设计和硫化工艺提供参考。

Stiffeners layout design of thin-walled structures with constraints on multi-fastener joint loads

The purpose of this paper is to present an extended topology optimization method for the stiffeners layout design of aircraft assembled structures. Multi-fastener joint loads and manufacturing constraints are considered simultaneously. On one hand, the joint loads are calculated and constrained within a limited value to avoid the failure of fasteners. On the other hand, the manufacturing constraints of the material distribution in the machining directions of stiffeners are implemented by an improved piecewise interpolation based on a beveled cut-surface. It is proven that the objective function is strictly continuous and differentiable with respect to the piecewise interpolation. The effects of the extended method with two different constraints are highlighted by typical numerical examples. Compared with the standard topology optimization, the final designs have clearly shown the layout of stiffeners and the joint loads have been perfectly constrained to a satisfying level.