The New Running Frog of Jozani-Chwaka National Park,Zanzibar,Tanzania(Kassina spp.)

The Running Frogs(Kassina spp.) are members of the Hyperoliidae,a family that is restricted to sub-Saharan Africa.Although summary information exists on the amphibian fauna of Zanzibar,only K. maculata has been recorded on Unguja,the largest of the islands in Zanzibar.Recent field surveys conducted in Jozani-Chwaka National Park revealed the presence of a frog in the genus Kassina that differs from all known species and,based on current knowledge,is endemic to Zanzibar.A new running frog species of Kassina was discovered from Jozani-Chwaka National Park,Zanzibar,Tanzania in 2006.It is distinguished from other species in its genus,by an advertisement call,that is pulsed,

变形母题的文学阐释

中外文学中尤其是神话作品中存在着许多以“变形”母题为表现特征的作品。这些作品有个共同的特点即具备以下两个方面的特定因素:特定的人物即发生“变形”的主人公,特定的情境即导致异化、发生变形的具体情节语境。本文试着从“变形”母题与社会背景演绎,变形母题与异化思想,变形母题与民族意识三个方面对中外文学中的“变形”母题作一定的平行研究,探讨“不同的创作环境、不同的历史阶段给类似的文学主题带来了怎样不同容量的艺术表达方式”。

The Status of Canopy Density and above Ground Biomass along the Northern Coastal Forest Zone of Tanzania

Canopy density and forest biomass estimation are critical for understanding of the carbon cycle, climate change and detecting health status of the forest ecosystems. This study was conducted on the coastal forests reserves in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. A systematic sampling design was used to establish a total of 110 temporary sample plots in all study sites. The stratification of the forests was adopted to identify closed forest patches with less anthropogenic effects. The study assessed the forest canopy density and above ground biomass with relative carbon stock for closed forest classes. Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park in Zanzibar recorded higher average canopy densities of 63% followed by Ngezi (46%), Pugu forests (26%) and Kazimzumbwi (16%). However, Ngezi forest had higher forest biomass than all study sites with the overall mean AGB of 138.5 tAGB/ha equivalent to carbon stock of 67.9 tC/ha. Tree species, Bombax rhodognaphala (Msufi mwitu) and Antiaris toxicaria (Mgulele) recorded the highest biomass of 1099 tABG/ha and 703 tAGB/ha (equivalent to 538 tC/ha and (345 tC/ha)) respectively. The study revealed that about 35% of the total closed forest patches at Pugu FR were covered by lower canopy density which accounted about 490 ha. Kazimzumbwi FR was dominated by lower canopy density which represented about 64% of the total forest cover area (1750 ha).

基于汉英法三语平行语料库的人际意义再现跨语言对比--以《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》翻译为个案

本文以《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》(简称《讲话》)及其外文社版英、法译文为语料,构建汉英法三语平行语料库,从译文跨语言对比(即英译文与法译文之间)和汉外转换两种视角,以情态动词的量值为切入点,对比《讲话》英译和法译在人际意义再现方面的异同及其原因。研究发现:(1)从译文跨语言对比看,与原文相比,英、法译文情态动词在整体分布上均存在量值弱化偏移趋向,法译文的弱化偏移程度略高于英译文;(2)从情态动词汉外转换看,汉译英和汉译法过程中,情态动词转换多表现为量值对等,但存在部分弱化偏移,而强化偏移不显著。本文认为,与原文相比,两种译文在人际意义再现方面整体上趋向于弱化偏移,这一弱化性特征与国家翻译实践制度、特定历史时期对外传播政策以及机构译者国家身份密切相关。

中国-东盟5km分辨率光合有效辐射数据集(2013)

光合有效辐射是影响植被生长的重要参数。中国-东盟5km分辨率光合有效辐射数据集是以静止卫星MTSAT2和极轨卫星MODIS数据为基础,研发的技术路线为:(1)首先进行云天/晴空模式判别,以区分晴空与阴天;本研究中采用CDFS模型(Cloud Depiction and Forecast System)进行云检测,采用三步来完成云识别:1)时间差分;2)动态阈值;3)光谱识别。每种方法分别利用云在时间、空间、光谱方面的不同特征,以便快速准确的检测云。(2)对云天模式,需要进行云光学厚度(COT)反演;对晴空模式,需要反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)及大气总可降水量。以大气辐射传输模型为基础,分别构建晴空条件下大气状况与光合有效辐射的查找表(LUT),云天条件下大气状况与光合有效辐射的查找表,利用查找表插值得到瞬时光合有效辐射,采用时间积分的方法获得每日光合有效辐射。(3)日累积光合有效辐射数据产品精度验证采用中国国家气象局气象资料中心提供的国家级气象辐射观测站(96个台站)的实测下行太阳辐射资料与计算数据对比的方法。由于光合有效辐射与太阳短波辐射的转换系数随季节、植被类型以及植被物候期的不同而有所差异,在本研究统一采用转换系数0.47。中国-东盟5km分辨率光合有效辐射数据集的时间分辨率为日,时间范围为2013年(因原始数据缺失,缺8天)。数据缩放系数是0.1,单位是W/m^2。数据结果表明:在华东/华中地区以及东北/华北地区,日估算值与实测值的相关系数较高(0.86);西南山区和青藏高原地区相关系数略低(0.75左右)。本数据集可以作为该区域2013年植被生长因子年内变化分析的主要参考数据集。数据存储为.hdf格式,压缩后数据量为340 MB。