Equilibrium modeling of water-gas systems in Jurassic–Cretaceous reservoirs of the Arctic petroleum province, northern West Siberia

To reveal the equilibrium state of oil and gas and water in a petroliferous basin with a high content of saline water, calculations of water-gas equilibrium were carried out, using a new simulation method, for the Arctic territories of the West Siberian oil and gas bearing province. The water-bearing layers in this area vary widely in gas saturation and have gas saturation coefficients(C;) from 0.2 to 1.0. The gas saturation coefficient increases with depth and total gas saturation of the formation water. All the water layers with gas saturation bigger than 1.8 L/L have the critical gas saturation coefficient value of 1.0, which creates favorable conditions for the accumulation of hydrocarbons;and unsaturated formation water can dissolve gas in the existent pool. The gas saturation coefficient of formation water is related to the type of fluid in the reservoir. Condensate gas fields have gas saturation coefficients from 0.8 to 1.0, while oil reservoirs have lower gas saturation coefficient. Complex gas-water exchange patterns indicate that gas in the Jurassic–Cretaceous reservoirs of the study area is complex in origin.

Enrichment model and major controlling factors of below-source tight oil in Lower Cretaceous Fuyu reservoirs in northern Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on the geochemical,seismic,logging and drilling data,the Fuyu reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in northern Songliao Basin are systematically studied in terms of the geological characteristics,the tight oil enrichment model and its major controlling factors.First,the Quantou Formation is overlaid by high-quality source rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,with the development of nose structure around sag and the broad and continuous distribution of sand bodies.The reservoirs are tight on the whole.Second,the configuration of multiple elements,such as high-quality source rocks,reservoir rocks,fault,overpressure and structure,controls the tight oil enrichment in the Fuyu reservoirs.The source-reservoir combination controls the tight oil distribution pattern.The pressure difference between source and reservoir drives the charging of tight oil.The fault-sandbody transport system determines the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The positive structure is the favorable place for tight oil enrichment,and the fault-horst zone is the key part of syncline area for tight oil exploration.Third,based on the source-reservoir relationship,transport mode,accumulation dynamics and other elements,three tight oil enrichment models are recognized in the Fuyu reservoirs:(1)vertical or lateral migration of hydrocarbon from source rocks to adjacent reservoir rocks,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon generated is migrated vertically or laterally to and accumulates in the adjacent reservoir rocks;(2)transport of hydrocarbon through faults between separated source and reservoirs,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon migrates downward through faults to the sandbodies that are separated from the source rocks;and(3)migration of hydrocarbon through faults and sandbodies between separated source and reservoirs,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon migrates downwards through faults to the reservoir rocks that are separated from the source rocks,and then migrates laterally through sandbodies.Fourth,the differences in oil source conditions,charging drive,fault distribution,sandbody and reservoir physical properties cause the differential enrichment of tight oil in the Fuyu reservoirs.Comprehensive analysis suggests that the Fuyu reservoir in the Qijia-Gulong Sag has good conditions for tight oil enrichment and has been less explored,and it is an important new zone for tight oil exploration in the future.

Geochemical Investigation of the Cretaceous Crude Oil Reservoirs and Source Rock Samples in One of the Abadan Plain Oilfields, SW Iran

Crude oil and source rock samples from one of the main oilfields of the Abadan Plain, Zagros, Iran were analyzed geochemically. Rock-Eval pyrolysis was conducted on Kazhdumi(Upper Cretaceous) and Gadvan(Lower Cretaceous) formations, which are the probable source rocks for the oil in the region. The results indicated that the Kazhdumi Formation can be classified as a fair-to-excellent source rock, while the Gadvan Formation can be identified as having poor-to-good source rock in the basin. Based on the cross-plots of HI versus OI and S2 versus TOC, types Ⅱ and Ⅲ kerogen were identified from studied source samples in the area. Determination of the main fraction percentages of the Sarvak and Fahliyan crude oils represented that the oils from the Sarvak reservoir are paraffinic-naphthenic and aromaticintermediate, whilst that from the Fahliyan reservoir is paraffinic and paraffinic-naphthenic. Biomarker ratios of the saturated fractions of oil from both reservoirs indicate that the source rocks formed in reducing marine environments with carbonate-shale lithology. Furthermore, biomarker data helped to distinguish the degree of biodegradation in the studied oils. According to geochemical analysis, oil samples from the Fahliyan reservoir were generated at a higher thermal maturity than the Sarvak reservoir samples.

Types, distribution and play targets of Lower Cretaceous tight oil in Jiuquan Basin, NW China

Based on drilling and laboratory data, the formation conditions of tight oil reservoirs in the Jiuquan basin were comprehensively analyzed and the exploration domains were sorted out. The Jiuquan basin underwent three cycles of lake level fluctuation in early Cretaceous, leaving three sets of high-quality source rocks, the Zhonggou, Xiagou and Chijinbao Formations in the Lower Cretaceous. There are two types of reservoir assemblages, source-reservoir in one type and source below reservoir type, and two types of tight reservoirs, argillaceous dolomite and conglomerate. The "sweet spots" control the enrichment of oil and gas. Argillaceous dolomite tight oil reservoirs have the characteristic of "integrated source-reservoir", with fractures connecting the matrix micro-pores, pore-fracture type and fracture-pore type "sweet spots" distributed in large scale. The sandy conglomerate tight oil reservoirs were formed by source-reservoir lateral connection, and can be divided into source below reservoir type, source-reservoir side by side type and "sandwich" type. The overlapping areas of the favorable facies belts of fan-delta front and the secondary pore developing belts are the "sweet spot" sites. The favorable areas for seeking conglomerate tight oil are fan-delta front deposits around the Qingxi, Ying'er and Huahai sags, with an exploration area of 550 km^2; while the area to seek argillaceous dolomite tight oil is the NW fracture developed belt in Qingxi sag, with an exploration area of 100 km^2.

Petroleum exploration breakthrough and geological significance in Cretaceous Yingcheng and Denglouku formations of Shuangcheng area, northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Based on drilling geological,geochemical,geophysical and production test data,the characteristics of source rocks,reservoir rocks and caprocks,as well as the process of hydrocarbon generation,trap evolution and oil accumulation of the oil-bearing assemblage composed of the Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation(K1yc)and Denglouku Formation(K1d)in the Shuangcheng area,northern Songliao Basin,NE China,were analyzed by using the research methods for petroleum systems.The source rocks mainly exist in K1yc,with the organic matters mainly originated from lower aquatic organisms and algae,and reaching the grade of high-quality source rock in terms of organic abundance.The crude oil,which is characterized by low density,high freezing point and high wax content,is believed to have generated by the K1yc source rocks.The reservoir rocks include K1d sandstones and K1yc glutenites.The mudstone in the fourth member of K1d serves as the direct caprock of the oil reservoir.The oil was generated during the period between Yaojia Formation and Nenjiang Formation,and then accumulated during the periods of Nenjiang Formation and Paleogene–Neogene.The traps evolved in three stages:the late Yingcheng Formation,the late Quantou Formation and the late Nenjiang Formation,forming structural and structural-lithologic reservoirs.It is concluded that good source-reservoir-caprock assemblage,late hydrocarbon charging,short migration distance and stable tectonic setting are favorable factors for the formation of oil reservoirs.

Reconstruction of the diagenesis of the fluvial-lacustrine-deltaic sandstones and its influence on the reservoir quality evolution——Evidence from Jurassic and Triassic sandstones, Yanchang Oil Field, Ordos Basin

The reservoir quality of Jurassic and Triassic fluvial and lacustrine-deltaic sandstones of the Yanchang Oil Field in the Ordos Basin is strongly influenced by the burial history and fa-cies-related diagenetic events. The fluvial sandstones have a highe' average porosity (14.8%) and a higher permeability (12.7×10-3 μm2) than those of the deltaic sandstones (9.8% and 5.8×10-3μm2, respectively). The burial compaction, which resulted in 15% and 20% porosity loss for Jurassic and Triassic sandstones, respectively, is the main factor causing the loss of porosity both for the Jurassic and Triassic sandstones. Among the cements, carbonate is the main one that reduced the reservoir quality of the sandstones. The organic acidic fluid derived from organic matter in the source rocks, the inorganic fluid from rock-water reaction during the late diagenesis, and meteoric waters during the epidiagenesis resulted in the formation of dissolution porosity, which is the main reason for the enhancement of reservoir-quality.

Shale oil enrichment evaluation and production law in Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on the results of drilling,tests and simulation experiments,the shales of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin are discussed with respect to hydrocarbon generation evolution,shale oil occurrence,and pore/fracture evolution mechanism.In conjunction with a substantial amount of oil testing and production data,the Gulong shale oil enrichment layers are evaluated and the production behaviors and decline law are analyzed.The results are drawn in four aspects.First,the Gulong shales are in the stage of extensive hydrocarbon expulsion when R_(0) is 1.0%-1.2%,with the peak hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of 49.5%approximately.In the low-medium maturity stage,shale oil migrates from kerogen to rocks and organic pores/fractures.In the medium-high maturity stage,shale oil transforms from adsorbed state to free state.Second,the clay mineral intergranular pores/fractures,dissolution pores,and organic pores make up the majority of the pore structure.During the transformation,clay minerals undergo significant intergranular pore/fracture development between the minerals such as illite and illite/smectite mixed layer.A network of pores/fractures is formed by organic matter cracking.Third,free hydrocarbon content,effective porosity,total porosity,and brittle mineral content are the core indicators for the evaluation of shale oil enrichment layers.Class-I layers are defined as free hydrocarbon content equal or greater than 6.0 mg/g,effective porosity equal or greater than 3.5%,total porosity equal or greater than 8.0%,and brittle mineral content equal or greater than 50%.It is believed that the favourable oil layers are Q2-Q3 and Q8-Q9.Fourth,the horizontal wells in the core area of the light oil zone exhibit a high cumulative production in the first year,and present a hyperbolic production decline pattern,with the decline index of 0.85-0.95,the first-year decline rate of 14.5%-26.5%,and the single-well estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)greater than 2.0×10^(4)t.In practical exploration and production,more efforts will be devoted to the clarification of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanisms,accurate testing of porosity and hydrocarbon content/phase of shale under formation conditions,precise delineation of the boundary of enrichment area,relationship between mechanical properties and stimulated reservoir volume,and enhanced oil recovery,in order to improve the EUR and achieve a large-scale,efficient development of shale oil.

川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩油储层特征及其勘探启示

为进一步指导四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩油的勘探与开发,亟需理清页岩油的有利赋存岩相。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、高压压汞、核磁共振、岩石热解等实验,分析大安寨段页岩层系不同岩相的储集空间类型、孔隙结构特征及含油性。结果表明,大安寨段主要发育块状(泥质)介壳灰岩、层状泥质介壳灰岩、层状介壳页岩、纹层状含介壳页岩、块状含介壳黏土质页岩和页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩6类岩相;页岩物性远优于介壳灰岩,且随着灰质含量的增加孔径逐渐增大,但总孔体积和总连通体积逐渐减小;大安寨段页岩层系平均游离油(S1)值为1.31 mg/g,含油性中等,页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩与纹层状含介壳页岩S1值较高,分别为2.37 mg/g与1.82 mg/g。页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩和纹层状含介壳页岩的储集性较好、含油性较高,两者构成的岩相组合可作为大安寨段页岩油的重点勘探对象。

Geologic Features of Wangjiatun Deep Gas Reservoirs of Volcanic Rock in Songliao Basin

Wangjiatun gas pool is located at the north part of Xujiaweizi in Songliao basin. Commercial gas flow has been found in the intermediate and acid volcanic rock of upper Jurassic-lower Cretaceous, which makes a breakthrough in deep nature gas prospecting in Songliao basin. The deep natural gas entrapment regularity is discussed in the paper by the study of deep strata, structure and reservoir. Andesite, rhyolite and little pyroclastic rock are the main reservoirs. There are two types of volcanic reservoir space assemblage in this area: the pore and fissure and the pure fissure. Changes had taken place for volcanic reservoir space during long geologic time, which was controlled by tectonic movement and geologic environment. The developed degree of reservoir space was controlled by tectonic movement, weathering and filtering, corrosion and Filling. There are three types of source-reservoir-caprock assemblage in this area: lower source- upper reservoir model, upper source-lower reservoir model and lateral change model. Mudstone in Dengluoku formation and the compacted volcanic rock of upper Jurassic-lower Cretaceous are the caprock for deep gas reservoirs. Dark mudstone of deep lacustrine facies in Shahezi formation and lower part of Dengluoku formation are the source rock of deep gas. It can be concluded that deep gas pools are mainly volcanic lithologic reservoirs.

松辽盆地北部下白垩统扶余油层源下致密油富集模式及主控因素

基于地球化学、地震、测井和钻井等资料,对松辽盆地北部下白垩统泉头组扶余油层地质特征、致密油富集主控因素及富集模式等进行系统分析。研究表明:①泉头组上覆上白垩统青山口组优质烃源岩,环凹鼻状构造发育,沉积砂体大面积连续分布,储层整体致密;②优质烃源岩、储层、断裂、超压和构造等多要素配置联合控制扶余油层致密油富集。源储匹配关系控制致密油分布格局;源储压差为致密油富集提供充注动力;断砂输导体系决定油气运移和富集;正向构造是致密油富集的有利场所,断垒带是向斜区致密油勘探重点突破区带;③基于源储关系、输导方式、富集动力等要素建立扶余油层致密油3种富集模式,一是源储对接油气垂向或侧向直排式:“源储紧邻、超压驱动、油气垂向倒灌或源储侧向对接运聚”;二是源储分离断裂输导式:“源储分离、超压驱动、断裂输导,油气通过断层向下运移到砂体富集”;三是源储分离断砂匹配式:“源储分离、超压驱动、断裂输导、砂体调整、油气下排后通过砂体侧向运移富集”;④油源条件、充注动力、断裂分布、砂体以及储层物性等方面的差异性造成扶余油层致密油的差异富集,齐家—古龙凹陷扶余油层具有较好富集条件,勘探程度低,是未来致密油探索重要新区带。

松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组页岩油储层中微米孔缝特征及油气意义

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、电子背散射、二次成像及能谱分析等多种实验手段,对松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组页岩油储层中的微米孔和微米缝进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)古龙凹陷页岩油储层岩性为以页岩为主的细粒碎屑岩,矿物成分以黏土和长英质为主,在结构上显示出泥岩或页岩的特点,整体为长英质页岩;储层中微米孔、缝发育,类型多样。(2)研究区微米孔直径一般为1~2μm,最大可达70μm,多呈近圆形、扁圆形、多角形和不规则形,按成因可分为压实应力屏蔽孔、成岩自生孔、溶蚀孔、生排烃扩张孔、有机质孔和硅藻残留孔6类;压实应力屏蔽孔多发育在刚性矿物的两侧;成岩自生孔常发育在白云石、绿泥石、伊利石等成岩自生矿物中,以晶间孔为主;溶蚀孔多发育在碳酸盐矿物中,内部可见次生菌丝状絮凝体;生排烃扩张孔多呈垂直或近垂直成列产出,与轻质油形成的二次生烃和排烃有关;有机质孔发育在有机质内部,与植物的残留细胞及轻质油和天然气的充填有关;硅藻残留孔主要发育在硅藻内部和边缘,孔径较大,一般为数微米至数十微米。(3)研究区微米缝以顺层为主,宽一般为1~10μm,最大可达100μm,长主要为数微米至数十微米,可见毫米级;可分为成岩收缩缝、溶蚀缝、生排烃扩张缝和构造/剪切缝4类,成岩收缩缝以张性缝为主,缝弯曲,缝壁参差不齐;溶蚀缝宽度可达60~70μm,裂缝内可见自生黏土,缝两侧有黄铁矿、磷灰石和白云石等自生矿物;生排烃扩张缝两侧多锯齿状参差不齐,绕过刚性矿物;构造/剪切微米缝一般平直,有与剪切相关的其他裂缝伴生。(4)研究区不同尺度的孔、缝之间连通性较好,形成了“纳米孔+纳米缝、微米孔+微米缝、毫米孔+毫米缝”三级储集和输导体系。

四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组陆相页岩油气地质特征

四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组发育东岳庙段和大安寨段两套富有机质页岩层系,主要为湖相沉积的页岩夹粉砂岩、介壳灰岩。基于页岩、介壳灰岩和粉砂岩之间的组合特征,自流井组共识别出3类7种岩相组合类型。页岩有机质丰度中等,有机质类型以Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型为主,热演化程度中等,油气共存。页岩储集空间既有无机孔,也有有机质孔,局部发育微裂缝。自流井组页岩中无机矿物与有机质、有机质与有机质孔的配置关系控制着页岩源—储配置的有效性,在较高的演化程度下,随着TOC的增大有机质孔隙度增大,页岩的源—储配置关系变好。刚性矿物稳定支撑格架下保存的固体沥青个体大,内部有机质孔数量多、孔径大;黏土矿物不稳定支撑格架下保存的沥青呈长条形,内部的有机质孔孔径较小。基于页岩层系不同岩性源—储耦合条件评价结果,页岩的源—储耦合条件明显优于夹层,源—储耦合条件好的优质页岩层段是页岩油气的甜点层段,其中黏土质页岩最好,(含)介壳灰质页岩、(含)粉砂质页岩为次;介壳灰岩和粉(细)砂岩夹层不具备烃源条件且储集条件差,只能与相邻的富有机质页岩形成近源聚集体系。

准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷侏罗系三工河组凝析气藏特征及成因机制

基于油气地球化学、试油结果与凝析气相态分析实验等资料,采用盆地模拟技术分析了准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷前哨井区侏罗系三工河组凝析气藏特征,并对凝析气藏的成藏过程与成因机制进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:①盆1井西凹陷侏罗系三工河组凝析气藏为构造-岩性油气藏,优质储层岩性主要为灰色细—中粒长石岩屑砂岩,孔隙度为2.70%~16.10%,平均为12.10%,渗透率为0.016~109.000 mD,平均为14.170 mD,属于中孔、低渗储层,与下伏的二叠系风城组和下乌尔禾组2套烃源岩形成了良好的储-盖组合。②研究区凝析油表现为低密度、低黏度、低凝固点和低含蜡量等特征,正构烷烃以低—中碳数为主,为下乌尔禾组烃源岩成熟—高成熟阶段的产物。③研究区凝析气藏天然气组分以烃类气为主,甲烷与乙烷碳同位素值分布集中,分别为-37.40‰~-36.84‰与-27.55‰~-26.54‰,为腐殖型烃源岩裂解气,来源于下乌尔禾组烃源岩。④研究区下乌尔禾组烃源岩于古近纪早期生成的凝析油气经过不断调整最终于新近纪早期充注形成凝析气藏,从成藏至现今储层流体组分未发生改变,油气藏相态类型也未发生改变,为原生型凝析气藏。

基于变尺度岩相组合的陆相页岩源-储耦合机理探讨——以四川盆地侏罗系页岩层段为例

中国陆相页岩层系沉积成因及岩相组合复杂多样,陆相页岩源、储特征及耦合机理研究薄弱。以四川盆地侏罗系页岩层段为研究对象,以岩石学、沉积学及非常规储层地质学等理论为指导,综合运用岩矿、有机球化学及页岩储层表征等多种实验测试技术,开展了基于变尺度岩相组合的陆相页岩源-储耦合机理研究。提出了宏观与微观结合定岩相、变尺度分析定岩相组合的研究思路与方法,识别出陆源泥-砂沉积型、内源泥-灰沉积型和混源泥-砂-灰沉积型3种沉积成因岩相组合类型。研究发现:①页岩夹介壳灰岩或粉砂岩大尺度组合页岩段中可发育较多纹层-薄层状方解石介壳层或粉砂层,同一组合中不同尺度夹层类型具有较好的一致性;②大尺度岩相组合中米级介壳灰岩或粉砂岩层储集物性较差,对油气储集贡献有限,而小尺度岩相组合中毫米级纹层与厘米级薄层状方解石介壳粒内孔较发育,且内部有暗色有机质充填,可为油气提供有效储集空间。建立了3种沉积成因岩相组合的源-储耦合发育模式,提出由陆源型—混源型—内源型沉积岩相组合,源(总有机碳含量TOC)-储(孔隙度)参数相关性依次变好,其相关性主要与热演化程度、有机显微组分及无机矿物差异密切相关。探讨了不同类型、不同尺度岩相组合形成的影响因素,分析了从变尺度岩相组合角度认识陆相页岩油气源、储特征及耦合机理的必要性,旨在探索陆相页岩油气富集机理研究的新思路。

黏弹剂调剖在姬塬油田侏罗系油藏中的应用

姬塬油田侏罗系油藏位于鄂尔多斯盆地中西部,属于低渗透砂岩油藏,油藏油水运移以孔隙型渗流为主。进入开发中后期,油井水淹现象严重。姬塬油田先后应用“交联聚合物冻胶+体膨颗粒”、“PEG单相凝胶调驱剂”、“纳米级微球”等调剖体系对侏罗系油藏注水井开展调剖,虽然在降低油藏递减、控制含水率上升幅度等方面取得了一定效果,但对于水淹井降含水率方面效果不明显。近年来,姬塬油田通过开展侏罗系油藏油井水淹机理研究,优化调剖体系,筛选了一种新型黏弹剂进行调剖,室内评价及现场实施均证明该黏弹剂性能可靠。2021—2022年,通过在姬塬油田56个侏罗系油藏水淹井组采用黏弹剂调剖后,井组月度递减率由2.59%下降至1.01%,月度含水率上升幅度由0.61%下降至0.08%。同时,大部分水淹井含水率下降明显,平均有效期内单井组增油达226 t。按照油价45美元/桶计算,投入产出比1.00∶2.11,实施效益较好。

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷义县组火山喷发旋回及其分布规律

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷义县组火山岩分布范围广,地层结构复杂、横向变化快,其火山喷发旋回的划分对研究火山岩空间展布特征和指导油气开发具有重要的意义。基于渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷义县组38口钻遇火山岩层系的岩心、壁心薄片、锆石U-Pb测年等地质资料以及测井和地震资料,综合利用火山地层学方法及地震火山地层学理论,对火山喷发旋回、火山岩分布及其与断裂的关系以及火山喷发旋回的油气地质意义开展研究。结果表明:1)渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷义县组火山岩可划分为3个旋回,旋回一为基性旋回,主要发育玄武岩、玄武质凝灰岩,平均钻遇厚度为189 m,火山岩喷发时间为128~122 Ma;旋回二为中性旋回,主要发育安山岩、粗安岩,平均钻遇厚度为232 m,火山岩喷发时间为122~115 Ma;旋回三为酸性旋回,主要发育流纹岩、隐爆角砾岩,平均钻遇厚度为241 m,火山岩喷发时间为115~114 Ma。2)旋回一火山岩在渤中凹陷内分布最广,仅渤南低凸起、石臼坨凸起和渤东低凸起北段缺失该地层,其分布主要受燕山期走滑断裂控制,以裂隙式喷发为主;旋回二火山岩在渤中凹陷内大面积分布,仅渤南低凸起、石臼坨凸起主体以及渤东凹陷内缺失该地层,其分布主要受燕山期走滑断裂以及NWW向印支期先存断裂控制,以中心式喷发为主;旋回三酸性火山岩在渤中凹陷内分布面积显著缩小,在渤中凹陷北段大面积缺失该地层,其分布主要受燕山期走滑断裂以及部分NWW向印支期先存断裂控制,以中心式喷发为主。3)本区旋回二与旋回三火山岩具有较好的储层物性特征,且油气显示效果良好,可作为渤海域渤中凹陷义县组火山岩油气藏勘探的有利层位。

二连盆地阿南凹陷白垩系凝灰岩类储层特征及有利区分布

阿南凹陷白垩系腾一下亚段凝灰岩类储层是近年来二连盆地致密油勘探的重点领域。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、储层物性分析及X-衍射分析等,采用高压压汞、氮气吸附、场发射电镜、CT扫描等实验方法,分析了二连盆地阿南凹陷白垩系凝灰岩类储层的岩性、物性、储集空间类型和孔隙结构特征,结合有利储层形成机制预测了有利储层发育区。研究结果表明:①二连盆地阿南凹陷白垩系腾一下亚段发育凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰质(粉)砂岩4种凝灰岩类。②研究区凝灰岩类储层物性变化范围较大,平均孔隙度为4.88%,其中超低孔、特低孔的样品数占比为83.6%,平均渗透率为0.067 mD,整体属于超低孔、超低渗储层。凝灰岩主要发育溶蚀孔和脱玻化孔,呈“立体”网络孔隙结构,以介孔、宏孔为主,储层物性最好;凝灰质(粉)砂岩主要发育溶蚀孔和粒间孔,具有微细孔—微喉孔隙结构,介孔发育,储层物性较好;沉凝灰岩和凝灰质泥岩主要发育溶蚀孔、晶间孔和微裂缝,多发育孤立型孔隙结构,以介孔为主,储层物性较差。③研究区凝灰岩类优质储层受沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用共同控制,沉积作用为优质储层形成提供了物质基础,控制了储层的形成和分布;压实作用和胶结作用降低了储层物性,白云岩化和脱玻化作用改善了储集性能;溶蚀作用是有效储层形成的关键,对物性改善具有积极作用。④研究区发育Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ类凝灰岩类储层,Ⅰ类储层集中分布在洼槽区,Ⅱ类储层沿西部缓坡呈条带状分布,Ⅲ类储层分布范围最广。其中A43东、A27北、H16西和A11西南等区块发育的Ⅰ类储层是下一步凝灰岩类致密油勘探的有利区带。

松辽盆地双城断陷白垩系营城组四段致密油成藏主控因素及模式

综合利用地震资料和岩心分析测试资料如包裹体均一温度、岩石热解和储层物性等,对松辽盆地双城断陷白垩系营城组四段(营四段)致密油藏类型、分布特征、成藏期次进行了分析,并从烃源岩评价、储层特征、构造活动和输导体系4个方面对致密油成藏的主控因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)松辽盆地双城断陷营四段致密油藏的类型及分布规律为,自中部洼槽向两侧斜坡依次发育源内岩性油藏、近源断层-岩性、地层油藏和远源构造油藏,油藏为一期成藏,主成藏期为晚白垩世姚家组沉积末期—嫩江组沉积初期(80~78 Ma)。(2)研究区营四下亚段发育的湖相泥岩、油页岩的生烃潜力较大,中部洼槽为生、排烃中心,生、排烃强度均较高,分别为(20~300)×10^(4)t/km^(2)和(5~53)×10^(4)t/km^(2);营四上亚段发育的扇三角洲相含砾砂岩储层厚度大、连续性好,前缘砂体延伸入湖,平均孔隙度为11.4%,平均渗透率为0.95 mD,其中孔隙度大于8.0%、渗透率高于0.85 mD的相对优质储层是致密油富集的有利目标;深层各类圈闭在早白垩世泉头组沉积末期即已形成,而主成藏期时研究区构造活动较弱,有利于油藏的形成和保存;由断裂、不整合和连通砂体组成的多类型立体输导体系是油气运移主要通道,促进油气向两侧斜坡汇聚。(3)研究区致密油成藏受“源-扇-体”耦合控制,围绕生烃洼槽呈环带状分布,具有大面积分布、局部富集的特点,中部洼槽为源内“源-储叠置、网毯连接、扇体聚集”成藏模式,东部斜坡为近源“源-储紧邻、断-砂匹配、阶梯运移”成藏模式,西部陡坡为远源“源-储分离、‘Y’型运聚、高点富集”成藏模式。被泥岩包裹或与泥岩互层式接触的扇体、油源断裂附近的断层-岩性圈闭和地层圈闭、靠近油源断裂的背斜和断背斜圈闭分别是中部洼槽、东部斜坡和西部斜坡的有利勘探目标。

侏罗系油藏开发效果评价及剩余油动用潜力研究

本文以H区Y10油藏为例,通过地层能量、水驱状况和油藏采收率三个方面评价开发效果,利用数值模拟预测方法研究剩余油分布规律、精准部署加密调整井位并预测调整效果,开展矿场试验,分析加密调整潜力。研究表明:研究区受高采液强度开发及井筒套破影响,水驱效果变差,采出程度低,局部剩余油富集,数值模拟预测加密调整可有效提高油藏最终采收率,矿场试验证明加密调整效果良好、具有可实施性,建议进一步扩大加密调整范围,提高油田采收率。

油藏底水接触关系对周期注水效果的影响评价研究

以侏罗系浅层为主的油藏底水发育参差不齐,物性、底水能量差异大。目前,周期注水是减缓侏罗系油藏含水上升的应用比较广泛的注水政策。但由于不同底水接触关系对周期注水效果的影响探索不清,油藏无论有底水与否均实施周期注水,导致不同条件的油藏周期注水效果差异较大。以不同部位底水发育差异较大的侏罗系D油藏为例,通过对油藏南北部不同底水接触关系下的周期注水效果进行评价,系统分析与总结了适应不同底水接触关系的周期注水政策,为同类油藏周期注水提供了一定的方法与思路。