Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids. Molecular characterization of Jute mallow with focus on improvement of leaf yield is scarcely reported....Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids. Molecular characterization of Jute mallow with focus on improvement of leaf yield is scarcely reported. In the present study, inter sequence simple repeats (ISSR) molecular markers were employed to assess genetic diversity and relationships of 83 accessions of Jute mallow from different parts of Africa and Asia conserved at the World Vegetable Center East and Southern Africa. A total of 89 bands were amplified by 8 ISSR primers. Number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 2 to 6 with an average of 2.75 bands per primer. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.390 to 0.760 with average of 0.53. Average Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.335 and 0.494 respectively. The highest pairwise genetic distance was 0.431 observed in a population from East Africa accessions. PC1 and PC2 axis explained 21.69% and 11.66% of the total variation respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the accessions into six main clusters at genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53 as standard value for classification. These results have important implications for jute mallow breeding and conservation.展开更多
Genetic diversity analysis and DNA finger printing are very useful in breeding programs,seed conservation and management. Jute(Corchorus spp.) is the second most important natural fiber crop after cotton. DNA fingerpr...Genetic diversity analysis and DNA finger printing are very useful in breeding programs,seed conservation and management. Jute(Corchorus spp.) is the second most important natural fiber crop after cotton. DNA fingerprinting studies in jute using SSR markers are limited. In this study, 58 jute accessions, including two control varieties(Huangma 179 and Kuanyechangguo) from the official variety registry in China were evaluated with 28 pairs of SSR primers. A total of 184 polymorphic loci were identified. Each primer detected 3 to 15 polymorphic loci, with an average of 6.6. The 58 jute accessions were DNA-fingerprinted with 67 SSR markers from the 28 primer pairs. These markers differentiated the 58 jute accessions from one another, with Co SSR305-120 and Co SSR174-195 differentiating Huangma 179 and Kuanyechangguo, respectively. NTSYS-pc2.10 software was used to analyze the genetic diversity in the 58 jute accessions. Their genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.520 to 0.910 with an average of 0.749, indicating relatively great genetic diversity among them. The 58 jute accessions were divided into four groups with the coefficient 0.710 used as a value for classification, consistent with their species and pedigrees. All these results may be useful both for protection of intellectual property rights of jute accessions and for jute improvement.展开更多
Jute(Corchorus spp.)is a member of the Malvaceae family,which comprises more than 100 species.The systematic positions of jute species have remained unsettled.Chloroplasts are maternally inherited and their genomes ar...Jute(Corchorus spp.)is a member of the Malvaceae family,which comprises more than 100 species.The systematic positions of jute species have remained unsettled.Chloroplasts are maternally inherited and their genomes are widely used for plant phylogenetic studies.In the present study,the chloroplast genomes of Corchorus capsularis and C.olitorius were assembled,with sizes of respectively 161,088 and 161,766 bp.Both genomes contained 112 unique genes(78 protein-coding,four rRNA,and 30 tRNA genes).Four regionswith high variation between the two species were located in single-copy rather than inverted-repeat regions.A total of 66 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)were identified in the C.capsularis chloroplast genome and 56 in that of C.olitorius.Comparison of the two chloroplast genome sequences permitted the evaluation of nucleotide variation including 2417 single-nucleotide polymorphisms sites and 294 insertion or deletion sites,of which one marker(cpInDel 205)could discriminate the two jute species.Comparison of the C.capsularis and C.olitorius chloroplast genomeswith those of other species in theMalvaceae revealed breakpoints in the accD locus,which is involved in fatty acid synthesis,in C.capsularis and C.olitorius.This finding suggests that genes from the chloroplast genomemight have been transferred to the nuclear genome in some Corchorus species.This hypothesis was supported by synteny analysis of the accD region among the nuclear,chloroplast,and mitochondrial genomes.To our knowledge,this is the first report of the assembled chloroplast genome sequences of C.capsularis and C.olitorius.C.capsularis and C.olitorius are closely related to Gossypium species and there are abundant microstructure variations between these two genera.These results will expand our understanding of the systematics of species in the Malvaceae.展开更多
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corchorus(Grewioideae,Malvaceae s.l.)is presented,based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region for 144 accessions representing 4...A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corchorus(Grewioideae,Malvaceae s.l.)is presented,based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region for 144 accessions representing 47 species.Several other genera from the subfamily Grewioideae,namely Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,Entelea,and Grewia,were included as outgroups.The monophyly of the genus was well supported by all phylogenetic analyses(maximum likelihood,Bayesian approaches,and parsimony),and Corchorus was divided into four major clades.The majority of African species formed a statistically highly supported and distinct clade separated from the other pantropically distributed species.Several endemic species from Australia,New Caledonia,and tropical America were nested within this distinct clade,indicating dispersal from Africa to the rest of the pantropics.Based on the taxa included in this study,the two cultivated species(C.olitorius and C.capsularis)shared a common ancestry with wild species of C.africanus,C.brevicornatus,C.pseudocapsularis,C.pseudo-olitorius,C.urticifolius,C.pilosus,C.orinocensis,and C.cunninghamii.Pseudocorchorus,previously considered an accepted genus,was nested within the genus Corchorus and shared a common ancestry especially with C.depressus and C.siliquosus.Based on morphological and anatomical similarity as well as the results of the present molecular findings,inclusion of the six Pseudocorchorus species into Corchorus is proposed,with Pseudocorchorus as a synonym of Corchorus.Of the included outgroup taxa,Triumfetta is the closest sister to Corchorus,while the common ancestor of Corchorus/Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,and Entelea is Grewia.A further phylogenetic study with more taxa mainly from Australia,together with additional molecular markers and morphological investigation,would help to test the hypothesis on the biogeography and growth form evolution of the genus Corchorus.展开更多
Curing of freshly harvested yams (Dioscorea spp.) is a process for wounded yams during harvest to heal. In this work the effectiveness of straw, polypropylene and jute sack on curing of seven key farmers’ yam varieti...Curing of freshly harvested yams (Dioscorea spp.) is a process for wounded yams during harvest to heal. In this work the effectiveness of straw, polypropylene and jute sack on curing of seven key farmers’ yam varieties over a duration of 7, 14 and 21 days was studied. Seven key farmers’ yam varieties identified as Pona, Lariboko, Dente, Mutwumudoo, Serwah belonging to D. rotundata, Matches and Akaba belonging to D. alata were studied under different curing treatments. The percentage weight loss of yam tubers varied among the treatments over curing period. Curing under jute sack showed all yam varieties had weight losses less than 2.0%, within 7 days of curing. Five different varieties had weight loss less than 2.0% except Dente under the straw treatment. Mutwumudoo variety showed the highest water loss (8.4%) for polypropylene sheet and 6.9% for Lariboko in the control treatment. During 7 days curing the control and polypropylene treatment did not support yam curing. After 14 days of curing of tubers, similar tends were observed as in 7 days curing. After 14 days of curing under jute sack, percentage weight loss of the tubers ranges from 2.0% - 3.7%. In the straw treatment, the percentage weight loss ranges between 1.0% - 4.7% in all other varieties except Dente (D. rotundata) (8.2%). Polypropylene sheet treatment showed the highest percentage weight loss in Mutwumudoo variety (18.4%). A similar trend was observed for the yam tubers cured for 21days as percentage weight loss of tubers under jute sacks was 2.5 – 9.8%. Curing temperature and humidity ranged between 27°C - 40°C and 87% - 100% rh for yam tubers under the three different treatments of polypropylene, jute and straw. However, the control treatment recorded lower humidity of 60% - 80% rh. Curing material, duration, climatic conditions and yam varieties influenced curing and Serwah variety, which is a D. rotundata is the best bet yam variety to cure under jute sack for 7, 14 and 21 days of curing.展开更多
文摘Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids. Molecular characterization of Jute mallow with focus on improvement of leaf yield is scarcely reported. In the present study, inter sequence simple repeats (ISSR) molecular markers were employed to assess genetic diversity and relationships of 83 accessions of Jute mallow from different parts of Africa and Asia conserved at the World Vegetable Center East and Southern Africa. A total of 89 bands were amplified by 8 ISSR primers. Number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 2 to 6 with an average of 2.75 bands per primer. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.390 to 0.760 with average of 0.53. Average Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.335 and 0.494 respectively. The highest pairwise genetic distance was 0.431 observed in a population from East Africa accessions. PC1 and PC2 axis explained 21.69% and 11.66% of the total variation respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the accessions into six main clusters at genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53 as standard value for classification. These results have important implications for jute mallow breeding and conservation.
基金sponsored by funds from the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20133515120002)Introduction Breeding and Varieties Demonstration of Featured Crops between China and Benin(2015I0001)+2 种基金Distinguished Young Research Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(xjq201401),ChinaChina Agriculture Research System(nycytx-19-E06)Construction of Germplasm Resources Platform for Bast Fiber Crops in Fujian,China(2010N2002)
文摘Genetic diversity analysis and DNA finger printing are very useful in breeding programs,seed conservation and management. Jute(Corchorus spp.) is the second most important natural fiber crop after cotton. DNA fingerprinting studies in jute using SSR markers are limited. In this study, 58 jute accessions, including two control varieties(Huangma 179 and Kuanyechangguo) from the official variety registry in China were evaluated with 28 pairs of SSR primers. A total of 184 polymorphic loci were identified. Each primer detected 3 to 15 polymorphic loci, with an average of 6.6. The 58 jute accessions were DNA-fingerprinted with 67 SSR markers from the 28 primer pairs. These markers differentiated the 58 jute accessions from one another, with Co SSR305-120 and Co SSR174-195 differentiating Huangma 179 and Kuanyechangguo, respectively. NTSYS-pc2.10 software was used to analyze the genetic diversity in the 58 jute accessions. Their genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.520 to 0.910 with an average of 0.749, indicating relatively great genetic diversity among them. The 58 jute accessions were divided into four groups with the coefficient 0.710 used as a value for classification, consistent with their species and pedigrees. All these results may be useful both for protection of intellectual property rights of jute accessions and for jute improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771369)the China Agriculture Research System for Crops of Bast and Leaf Fiber,China(nycytx-19-E06)。
文摘Jute(Corchorus spp.)is a member of the Malvaceae family,which comprises more than 100 species.The systematic positions of jute species have remained unsettled.Chloroplasts are maternally inherited and their genomes are widely used for plant phylogenetic studies.In the present study,the chloroplast genomes of Corchorus capsularis and C.olitorius were assembled,with sizes of respectively 161,088 and 161,766 bp.Both genomes contained 112 unique genes(78 protein-coding,four rRNA,and 30 tRNA genes).Four regionswith high variation between the two species were located in single-copy rather than inverted-repeat regions.A total of 66 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)were identified in the C.capsularis chloroplast genome and 56 in that of C.olitorius.Comparison of the two chloroplast genome sequences permitted the evaluation of nucleotide variation including 2417 single-nucleotide polymorphisms sites and 294 insertion or deletion sites,of which one marker(cpInDel 205)could discriminate the two jute species.Comparison of the C.capsularis and C.olitorius chloroplast genomeswith those of other species in theMalvaceae revealed breakpoints in the accD locus,which is involved in fatty acid synthesis,in C.capsularis and C.olitorius.This finding suggests that genes from the chloroplast genomemight have been transferred to the nuclear genome in some Corchorus species.This hypothesis was supported by synteny analysis of the accD region among the nuclear,chloroplast,and mitochondrial genomes.To our knowledge,this is the first report of the assembled chloroplast genome sequences of C.capsularis and C.olitorius.C.capsularis and C.olitorius are closely related to Gossypium species and there are abundant microstructure variations between these two genera.These results will expand our understanding of the systematics of species in the Malvaceae.
基金the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research (IPK),Germany
文摘A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corchorus(Grewioideae,Malvaceae s.l.)is presented,based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region for 144 accessions representing 47 species.Several other genera from the subfamily Grewioideae,namely Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,Entelea,and Grewia,were included as outgroups.The monophyly of the genus was well supported by all phylogenetic analyses(maximum likelihood,Bayesian approaches,and parsimony),and Corchorus was divided into four major clades.The majority of African species formed a statistically highly supported and distinct clade separated from the other pantropically distributed species.Several endemic species from Australia,New Caledonia,and tropical America were nested within this distinct clade,indicating dispersal from Africa to the rest of the pantropics.Based on the taxa included in this study,the two cultivated species(C.olitorius and C.capsularis)shared a common ancestry with wild species of C.africanus,C.brevicornatus,C.pseudocapsularis,C.pseudo-olitorius,C.urticifolius,C.pilosus,C.orinocensis,and C.cunninghamii.Pseudocorchorus,previously considered an accepted genus,was nested within the genus Corchorus and shared a common ancestry especially with C.depressus and C.siliquosus.Based on morphological and anatomical similarity as well as the results of the present molecular findings,inclusion of the six Pseudocorchorus species into Corchorus is proposed,with Pseudocorchorus as a synonym of Corchorus.Of the included outgroup taxa,Triumfetta is the closest sister to Corchorus,while the common ancestor of Corchorus/Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,and Entelea is Grewia.A further phylogenetic study with more taxa mainly from Australia,together with additional molecular markers and morphological investigation,would help to test the hypothesis on the biogeography and growth form evolution of the genus Corchorus.
文摘Curing of freshly harvested yams (Dioscorea spp.) is a process for wounded yams during harvest to heal. In this work the effectiveness of straw, polypropylene and jute sack on curing of seven key farmers’ yam varieties over a duration of 7, 14 and 21 days was studied. Seven key farmers’ yam varieties identified as Pona, Lariboko, Dente, Mutwumudoo, Serwah belonging to D. rotundata, Matches and Akaba belonging to D. alata were studied under different curing treatments. The percentage weight loss of yam tubers varied among the treatments over curing period. Curing under jute sack showed all yam varieties had weight losses less than 2.0%, within 7 days of curing. Five different varieties had weight loss less than 2.0% except Dente under the straw treatment. Mutwumudoo variety showed the highest water loss (8.4%) for polypropylene sheet and 6.9% for Lariboko in the control treatment. During 7 days curing the control and polypropylene treatment did not support yam curing. After 14 days of curing of tubers, similar tends were observed as in 7 days curing. After 14 days of curing under jute sack, percentage weight loss of the tubers ranges from 2.0% - 3.7%. In the straw treatment, the percentage weight loss ranges between 1.0% - 4.7% in all other varieties except Dente (D. rotundata) (8.2%). Polypropylene sheet treatment showed the highest percentage weight loss in Mutwumudoo variety (18.4%). A similar trend was observed for the yam tubers cured for 21days as percentage weight loss of tubers under jute sacks was 2.5 – 9.8%. Curing temperature and humidity ranged between 27°C - 40°C and 87% - 100% rh for yam tubers under the three different treatments of polypropylene, jute and straw. However, the control treatment recorded lower humidity of 60% - 80% rh. Curing material, duration, climatic conditions and yam varieties influenced curing and Serwah variety, which is a D. rotundata is the best bet yam variety to cure under jute sack for 7, 14 and 21 days of curing.
文摘黄麻是世界上重要的天然韧皮部纤维作物之一。然而, SSR标记的缺乏限制了黄麻的遗传改良。本研究从圆果种黄麻测序品种CVL-1的基因组、基因、CDS和cDNA中挖掘SSR信息,利用SSR Primer软件查找SSR位点,并分析其分布特征。结果表明,基于基因组序列共开发了153,242个基因组SSR,平均密度为467.20个SSRMb^(–1);基于cDNA序列开发了10,747个SSR,平均密度为260.85 SSR Mb^(–1)。大部分重复基元为二至四核苷酸,占76.91%,其中cDNA序列SSR中三核苷酸重复基元数量较多而基因组SSR中二核苷酸重复基元数量较多。对于不同类型的SSR重复基元,随着重复单元数量的增加,其基因组和cDNA的SSR分布频率呈现逐步降低特征。黄麻全基因组SSR标记鉴定,不仅可以丰富黄麻分子标记的数量,而且为剖析黄麻重要农艺性状的遗传机制奠定基础。
