The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary （K/T） boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Format...The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary （K/T） boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation in Jiayin were analyzed by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb dating and fission-track dating methods. Ages of 64.1±0.7 Ma （U-Pb） and 61.7±1.8 Ma （fission-track dating） were obtained, which allow reevaluation of a previously reported late Maastrichian age for the tuff layer that was in conflict with the paleontological evidence. These results confirm the Danian age of the section in agreement with the paleontological evidence.展开更多
The Jiayin area along the Heilongjiang River in Northeast China has attracted stratigraphic and sedimentological interests recently because the Cretaceous--Tertiary (K/T) boundary should be located in this non-marine ...The Jiayin area along the Heilongjiang River in Northeast China has attracted stratigraphic and sedimentological interests recently because the Cretaceous--Tertiary (K/T) boundary should be located in this non-marine succession.Dinosaur remains disappear suddenly at the upper part of the Maastrichtian,whereas plants gradually evolved throughout the succession.Analysis of sedimentary facies has been carried out and paleo-environments through Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene sections are reconstructed.Fluvial to lacustrine sedimentary environments are inferred from the facies.Several debris flow events have been identified,and it is in these deposits that the dinosaur fossils are concentrated.展开更多
The Jurassic-Cretaceous (J/K) and Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundaries/transitions are found in Pakistan especially well exposed on the western continental margin of the Indo-Pakistan plate (part of Gondwana) like K...The Jurassic-Cretaceous (J/K) and Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundaries/transitions are found in Pakistan especially well exposed on the western continental margin of the Indo-Pakistan plate (part of Gondwana) like Kirthar, Sulaiman and Kohat and Potwar basins. Its lithology is variable both lateral and also vertical. The J/K and K/Pg transitions are represented by terrestrial and marine strata like laterite, bauxite, vary colored shale, sandstones and conglomerates and rare limestone beds. Mesozoic vertebrates found so far belong to archosaurs like poripuchian titanosaurs (sauropods), theropods, mesoeucrocodiles, pterosaurs, snake and bird are briefly overviewed here.展开更多
A new geological section recognized in Baishantou of Jiayin,Heilongjiang Province,China,was studied preliminarily in searching for the K/T boundary.An early Paleocene florule characrerized by abundant Tiliaephyllum ts...A new geological section recognized in Baishantou of Jiayin,Heilongjiang Province,China,was studied preliminarily in searching for the K/T boundary.An early Paleocene florule characrerized by abundant Tiliaephyllum tsagajanicum leaves and its associated plants,was collected from the Baishantou Member(new member representing the lower part of the Paleocene Wuyun Formation)overlying the possible K/T boundary.A tuff bed was found from the upper part of the Furao Formation(uppermost Cretaceous)in this section.The new findings imply that the K/T boundary is probable lying in the interval between the base of the Baishantou Member and the tuff bed,based on the correlation of the present strata with the stratotype of the Tsagajan Group spanning the K/T boundary in"Belaya Gara"of the Bureya Basin,Russia.The early Paleocene florule from the Baishantou Member and the early-middle Maastrichtian dinosaurs found from the Yuliangzi Formation underlying the Furao Formation suggest that the Baishantou section is more promising for searching for the K/T boundary in this area.Further studies of the section is needed,integrating paleontological,biostratigraphic,geochemical,paleomagnetic,and sedimentary research would benefit our understanding the mass extinction event and biotic recovery in the Heilongjiang River area,China,and even all of northeast Asia during the K/T boundary interval.展开更多
1 Introduction The Cretaceous/Tertiary(Paleogene)extinction event was a mass extinction event occurring at about 65 million years ago between the Mesozoic Cretaceous and Cenozoic Tertiary,which is the one closest to t...1 Introduction The Cretaceous/Tertiary(Paleogene)extinction event was a mass extinction event occurring at about 65 million years ago between the Mesozoic Cretaceous and Cenozoic Tertiary,which is the one closest to today among the five major extinction events in the the geological history period(Renne et al.,2013).At the end of the Cretaceous,the proportion of species declined gradually.展开更多
Fossil woods were collected from the Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene beds distributed around Heilong- jang （Amur） River area of China and Russia. A total of 43 specimens were collected from Baishantou, Long- gushan, a...Fossil woods were collected from the Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene beds distributed around Heilong- jang （Amur） River area of China and Russia. A total of 43 specimens were collected from Baishantou, Long- gushan, and Yong＇ancun in Jiayin, China, and 85 specimens from Zeya-Bureya Basin lying southeast of Blagoveshchensk in Russia. Selected specimens were sectioned and studied anatomically. The source deposits of almost all identifiable specimens belong to the Upper Cretaceous （Campanian） Taipinglinchang Formation and the Paleocene Wuyun Formation in China, and the Paleocene Upper Tsagayan Formation in Russia. Al- though the results obtained are still far from complete, the taxonomic composition of the fossil woods show marked stratigraphic differences between the two horizons beyond the K/T boundary in China. There is also a strong similarity in wood flora between the Wuyun Formation of China and the Upper Tsagayan Formation of Russia. All identified specimens from the Taipinglinchang Formation are Xenoxylon latiporosum, This is one of the stratigraphically younger records of Xenoxylon, which is a conifer morphogenus of uncertain affinity most common in the Triassic to Early Cretaceous. Only one specimen with possible derivation from either the Wuyun or the Maastriehtian Furao Formation in China was identified as Taxodioxylon sp. The Wuyun Formation yielded both conifers and dicotyledonous woods. The conifers include Taxodioxylon sequoianum of the Taxodiaceae, and Protopiceoxylon amurense, which is attributable to the extant genera Keteleeria or Nothotsuga of the Pinaeeac, both are at present endemic to China. At least two morphotypes of dicotyledonous woods were recognized, with one identified as el. Hamamelidoxylon , and the other diffuse porous wood is characterized by numerous heterogeneous rays. From the Zeya-Buleya Basin of Russia, Taxodioxylon sequoianum and cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp. were identified from the Upper Tsagayan Formation. The similarity of wood composition in both Wuyun and Upper Tsagayan Formations support lithological as well as biostratigraphic correlations proposed for the two formations.展开更多
Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-u...Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-upwards successions. Analysis of environmental changes during the K/T boundary is the focus of this study. Five facies have been identified: Facies A, thick and laterally extensive coarse-grained to medium-grained sandstone units, interpreted as channelfill deposits; Facies B, parallel-laminated to massive mudstone units interpreted as interchannel lakes and flood plain deposits; Facies C, sheet-like medium-grained to fine-grained sandstones interpreted as crevasse splay deposits; Facies D, coal to coaly mudstone beds interpreted as deposits of peatlands; Facies E, very poorly sorted sandy mudstone beds interpreted as debris flow deposits. Fluvial environments with the low-relief flat topography was inferred. A channel transported large volumes of clasts, and a flood basin with interchannel lakes and peatlands was deciphered. Any distinct change of sedimentary environments has not been identified throughout the Tsagayan Formation (including the K/T boundary). However, two beds of debris flow deposits were identified. The one occurs at the uppermost part of the lower Tsagayan Subformation and contains dinosaur fossils. The other is intercalated in the upper Tsagayan Subformation.展开更多
The sequence stratigraphy and geochronology of the terrestrial dinosaur-bearing strata,i.e.,the Qiupa Formation,were poorly studied in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin in western Henan,China.This study shows that these stra...The sequence stratigraphy and geochronology of the terrestrial dinosaur-bearing strata,i.e.,the Qiupa Formation,were poorly studied in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin in western Henan,China.This study shows that these strata represent a complete succession from the Late Cretaceous to the early Paleogene,including the K/T boundary,in this area.Here we report a detailed study of the K/T boundary,especially its stratigraphic sequence,sedimentary characteristics,integrity,continuity,and geological implications.展开更多
The chemical species of anomalous Ir in the Fish Clay K-T boundary at Stevns Klint, Denmark, was studied by using a newly-developed chemical stepwise dissolution procedure and neutron activation analysis. The experime...The chemical species of anomalous Ir in the Fish Clay K-T boundary at Stevns Klint, Denmark, was studied by using a newly-developed chemical stepwise dissolution procedure and neutron activation analysis. The experimental results indicate that the anomalous Ir mostly exists in the acid-insoluble residue phase. The Ir pattern of the K-T boundary resembles that of the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite, while remarkably different from those of the ultrabasic rock and volcanic lava. Thus, we deduce that the Ir anomaly at K-T boundary is mainly extraterrestrial, instead of volcanogenic or geochemical enrichment origin. The patterns of other trace elements in various phases also confirm the above conclusion.展开更多
At present, the study of Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary event is focused on its formation mechanism. Two main models to interpret the K-T event are extraterrestrial impact and volcanic eruption. Unfortunately, unt...At present, the study of Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary event is focused on its formation mechanism. Two main models to interpret the K-T event are extraterrestrial impact and volcanic eruption. Unfortunately, until now none of the experimental results, even iridium anomaly and shock-metamorphic quartz, give exclusive evidence. They support展开更多
Whether the platinum group elements (PGE) can be taken as the indicators of extraterrestrial materials is a very important and interesting scientific problem. It is discussed on the basis of systematic investigation a...Whether the platinum group elements (PGE) can be taken as the indicators of extraterrestrial materials is a very important and interesting scientific problem. It is discussed on the basis of systematic investigation and study of a great amount of related literature. The following conclusions can be obtained: (ⅰ) extraterrestrial impact event can cause the PGE anomaly; conversely, the PGE anomaly may not represent the existence of extraterrestrial impact event, because the PGE anomaly can be caused by many terrestrial events (e.g. volcanic activity); (ⅱ) the PGE anomaly, especially the global PGE anomaly can inspire us to think it from extraterrestrial event, but it may not be as useful as previously thought as unambiguous identifiers of large extraterrestrial impact event in the earth’s history.展开更多
基金the Project NSFC No30220130698the Project "111" of China for their support the National Science Council,Taiwan(grant 97-2811-M- 002-040)
文摘The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary （K/T） boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation in Jiayin were analyzed by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb dating and fission-track dating methods. Ages of 64.1±0.7 Ma （U-Pb） and 61.7±1.8 Ma （fission-track dating） were obtained, which allow reevaluation of a previously reported late Maastrichian age for the tuff layer that was in conflict with the paleontological evidence. These results confirm the Danian age of the section in agreement with the paleontological evidence.
基金supported by the fund for the Projects 30220130698 and 40842002 of NSFC,Chinathe Project 111 of China (Jilin University)
文摘The Jiayin area along the Heilongjiang River in Northeast China has attracted stratigraphic and sedimentological interests recently because the Cretaceous--Tertiary (K/T) boundary should be located in this non-marine succession.Dinosaur remains disappear suddenly at the upper part of the Maastrichtian,whereas plants gradually evolved throughout the succession.Analysis of sedimentary facies has been carried out and paleo-environments through Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene sections are reconstructed.Fluvial to lacustrine sedimentary environments are inferred from the facies.Several debris flow events have been identified,and it is in these deposits that the dinosaur fossils are concentrated.
文摘The Jurassic-Cretaceous (J/K) and Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundaries/transitions are found in Pakistan especially well exposed on the western continental margin of the Indo-Pakistan plate (part of Gondwana) like Kirthar, Sulaiman and Kohat and Potwar basins. Its lithology is variable both lateral and also vertical. The J/K and K/Pg transitions are represented by terrestrial and marine strata like laterite, bauxite, vary colored shale, sandstones and conglomerates and rare limestone beds. Mesozoic vertebrates found so far belong to archosaurs like poripuchian titanosaurs (sauropods), theropods, mesoeucrocodiles, pterosaurs, snake and bird are briefly overviewed here.
基金The authors are grateful for the Project No.30211330496 of the NSFC(China)for the spe-cial financial support of the Jjilin University,China.
文摘A new geological section recognized in Baishantou of Jiayin,Heilongjiang Province,China,was studied preliminarily in searching for the K/T boundary.An early Paleocene florule characrerized by abundant Tiliaephyllum tsagajanicum leaves and its associated plants,was collected from the Baishantou Member(new member representing the lower part of the Paleocene Wuyun Formation)overlying the possible K/T boundary.A tuff bed was found from the upper part of the Furao Formation(uppermost Cretaceous)in this section.The new findings imply that the K/T boundary is probable lying in the interval between the base of the Baishantou Member and the tuff bed,based on the correlation of the present strata with the stratotype of the Tsagajan Group spanning the K/T boundary in"Belaya Gara"of the Bureya Basin,Russia.The early Paleocene florule from the Baishantou Member and the early-middle Maastrichtian dinosaurs found from the Yuliangzi Formation underlying the Furao Formation suggest that the Baishantou section is more promising for searching for the K/T boundary in this area.Further studies of the section is needed,integrating paleontological,biostratigraphic,geochemical,paleomagnetic,and sedimentary research would benefit our understanding the mass extinction event and biotic recovery in the Heilongjiang River area,China,and even all of northeast Asia during the K/T boundary interval.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41272030)the IGCP608the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB822001).
文摘1 Introduction The Cretaceous/Tertiary(Paleogene)extinction event was a mass extinction event occurring at about 65 million years ago between the Mesozoic Cretaceous and Cenozoic Tertiary,which is the one closest to today among the five major extinction events in the the geological history period(Renne et al.,2013).At the end of the Cretaceous,the proportion of species declined gradually.
基金NSFC Project 30220130698 to G. S.the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research no.1425507 from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan to H.N.
文摘Fossil woods were collected from the Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene beds distributed around Heilong- jang （Amur） River area of China and Russia. A total of 43 specimens were collected from Baishantou, Long- gushan, and Yong＇ancun in Jiayin, China, and 85 specimens from Zeya-Bureya Basin lying southeast of Blagoveshchensk in Russia. Selected specimens were sectioned and studied anatomically. The source deposits of almost all identifiable specimens belong to the Upper Cretaceous （Campanian） Taipinglinchang Formation and the Paleocene Wuyun Formation in China, and the Paleocene Upper Tsagayan Formation in Russia. Al- though the results obtained are still far from complete, the taxonomic composition of the fossil woods show marked stratigraphic differences between the two horizons beyond the K/T boundary in China. There is also a strong similarity in wood flora between the Wuyun Formation of China and the Upper Tsagayan Formation of Russia. All identified specimens from the Taipinglinchang Formation are Xenoxylon latiporosum, This is one of the stratigraphically younger records of Xenoxylon, which is a conifer morphogenus of uncertain affinity most common in the Triassic to Early Cretaceous. Only one specimen with possible derivation from either the Wuyun or the Maastriehtian Furao Formation in China was identified as Taxodioxylon sp. The Wuyun Formation yielded both conifers and dicotyledonous woods. The conifers include Taxodioxylon sequoianum of the Taxodiaceae, and Protopiceoxylon amurense, which is attributable to the extant genera Keteleeria or Nothotsuga of the Pinaeeac, both are at present endemic to China. At least two morphotypes of dicotyledonous woods were recognized, with one identified as el. Hamamelidoxylon , and the other diffuse porous wood is characterized by numerous heterogeneous rays. From the Zeya-Buleya Basin of Russia, Taxodioxylon sequoianum and cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp. were identified from the Upper Tsagayan Formation. The similarity of wood composition in both Wuyun and Upper Tsagayan Formations support lithological as well as biostratigraphic correlations proposed for the two formations.
文摘Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-upwards successions. Analysis of environmental changes during the K/T boundary is the focus of this study. Five facies have been identified: Facies A, thick and laterally extensive coarse-grained to medium-grained sandstone units, interpreted as channelfill deposits; Facies B, parallel-laminated to massive mudstone units interpreted as interchannel lakes and flood plain deposits; Facies C, sheet-like medium-grained to fine-grained sandstones interpreted as crevasse splay deposits; Facies D, coal to coaly mudstone beds interpreted as deposits of peatlands; Facies E, very poorly sorted sandy mudstone beds interpreted as debris flow deposits. Fluvial environments with the low-relief flat topography was inferred. A channel transported large volumes of clasts, and a flood basin with interchannel lakes and peatlands was deciphered. Any distinct change of sedimentary environments has not been identified throughout the Tsagayan Formation (including the K/T boundary). However, two beds of debris flow deposits were identified. The one occurs at the uppermost part of the lower Tsagayan Subformation and contains dinosaur fossils. The other is intercalated in the upper Tsagayan Subformation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.90914003,40872017)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2006CB70145)
文摘The sequence stratigraphy and geochronology of the terrestrial dinosaur-bearing strata,i.e.,the Qiupa Formation,were poorly studied in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin in western Henan,China.This study shows that these strata represent a complete succession from the Late Cretaceous to the early Paleogene,including the K/T boundary,in this area.Here we report a detailed study of the K/T boundary,especially its stratigraphic sequence,sedimentary characteristics,integrity,continuity,and geological implications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The chemical species of anomalous Ir in the Fish Clay K-T boundary at Stevns Klint, Denmark, was studied by using a newly-developed chemical stepwise dissolution procedure and neutron activation analysis. The experimental results indicate that the anomalous Ir mostly exists in the acid-insoluble residue phase. The Ir pattern of the K-T boundary resembles that of the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite, while remarkably different from those of the ultrabasic rock and volcanic lava. Thus, we deduce that the Ir anomaly at K-T boundary is mainly extraterrestrial, instead of volcanogenic or geochemical enrichment origin. The patterns of other trace elements in various phases also confirm the above conclusion.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘At present, the study of Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary event is focused on its formation mechanism. Two main models to interpret the K-T event are extraterrestrial impact and volcanic eruption. Unfortunately, until now none of the experimental results, even iridium anomaly and shock-metamorphic quartz, give exclusive evidence. They support
文摘Whether the platinum group elements (PGE) can be taken as the indicators of extraterrestrial materials is a very important and interesting scientific problem. It is discussed on the basis of systematic investigation and study of a great amount of related literature. The following conclusions can be obtained: (ⅰ) extraterrestrial impact event can cause the PGE anomaly; conversely, the PGE anomaly may not represent the existence of extraterrestrial impact event, because the PGE anomaly can be caused by many terrestrial events (e.g. volcanic activity); (ⅱ) the PGE anomaly, especially the global PGE anomaly can inspire us to think it from extraterrestrial event, but it may not be as useful as previously thought as unambiguous identifiers of large extraterrestrial impact event in the earth’s history.
