低盐水体Na^(+)/K^(+)对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分与肝胰腺、鳃组织结构的影响

缺钾在内陆低盐度盐碱水中经常发生,为探究低盐水体中不同钾缺乏程度对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活、体成分以及鳃和肝胰腺组织结构的影响,实验参照海水离子组成配置盐度为2的低盐度水体,在Na^(+)/K^(+)(mg/mg)比值为27、47、67、87、107 (分别记为A、B、C、D、E组)的条件下,对体重为(1.04±0.23) g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾开展了为期60 d的养殖实验。结果显示,E组对虾的存活率为44.64%±20.95%,显著低于A、B、D三组;E组体重为(4.86±0.66) g,显著低于其他4组;A~D组之间的湿重、增重率、特定生长率差异不显著,但均大于E组且差异显著;在饲料系数上,E组最高并与A、D组差异显著。在体成分上,各组全虾钾含量、灰分含量差异不显著,E组的水分含量高于其他组,并与A、B组差异显著;E组粗蛋白含量最低,且与B组差异显著。E组对虾鳃组织角质层明显受损,红细胞数量减少,空泡增多,肝胰腺B细胞及其内部转运泡体积增大,肝小管结构受损。研究表明,低盐条件下严重缺钾引起了对虾鳃和肝胰腺损伤,降低了对虾的存活率和生长率;水体缺钾在前期即可对对虾的生长产生明显影响,而对存活的影响随养殖时间的增加而增大。实验结果有助于为内陆低盐度盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾提供理论依据。

Identification of Rice Accessions Associated with K+/Na+ Ratio and Salt Tolerance Based on Physiological and Molecular Responses

The key for rice plant survival under Na Cl salt stress is maintaining a high K^+/Na^+ ratio in its cells. Selection for salt tolerance rice genotypes based on phenotypic performance alone will delay in progress in breeding. Use of molecular markers in tandem with physiological studies will help in better identification of salt tolerant rice accessions. Eight rice accessions along with the check Dongjin were screened using 1/2 Yoshida solution with 50 mmol/L NaCl at the seedling stage. The accessions IT001158, IT246674, IT260533 and IT291341 were classified as salt tolerant based on their K^+/Na^+ ratios. Seventeen SSR markers reported to be associated with K^+/Na^+ ratio were used to screen the accessions. Five SSR markers(RM8053, RM345, RM318, RM253 and RM7075) could differentiate accessions classified based on their K^+/Na^+ ratios. Banding pattern of the accessions was scored compared to the banding pattern of Dongjin. The study differentiated accessions based on their association of K^+/Na^+ ratio with molecular markers which are very reliable. These markers can play a significant role in screening large set of rice germplasms for salt tolerance and also help in identification of high-yielding varieties with better salt tolerance. The salt tolerant accessions can be taken forward into developing better varieties by conventional breeding and exploring genes for salt tolerance.

Phase Structure, Microstructure and Electrical Properties of K_xNa_((1-x))NbO_3 Piezoelectric Ceramics with Different K/Na Ratio

The K_xNa_((1-x))NbO_3(x=0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, 0.50) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics was fabricated by conventional solid-state sintering method. It was found that the ratio of alkaline metal would affect the microstructure, bulk density, and optimum sintering temperatures of ceramics. Meanwhile, the electrical properties were also influenced by modulating the K/Na ratio, exhibiting corresponding composition-dependent properties. The optimum electrical properties of K_xNa_((1-x))NbO_3 such as piezoelectric constant d_(33) = 115 pC/N, mechanical quality factor Q_m = 20, Curie temperature Tc = 365 ~oC, ε_(33)~T/ε_0= 588.1, dielectric loss tan δ = 0.024, bulk density(ρ) = 3.08 g/cm^3, remnant polarization(P_r) = 8.87 μC/cm^2 and coercive field(Ec) = 13.79 kV/cm were obtained at x = 0.46.

Effect of various Na/K ratios in low-salinity well water on growth performance and physiological response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

To investigate the influence of sodium to potassium （Na/IO ratios on the growth performance and physiological response of the Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vananmei）, various concentrations of KC1 were added to low-salinity well water （salinity 4） in an 8-week culture trial. Six treatments with NWK ratios of 60：1, 42：1, 33：1, 23：1, 17：1, and 14：1 were replicated in triplicate. The highest weight-gain rate （3 506±48）% and survival rate （89.38±0.88）% was observed in well water with Na/K ratios of 23：1 and 42：1, respectively, while the feed conversion ratio （1.02～0.01）, oxygen consumption, and ammonia-N excretion rate was the lowest in the medium with a Na/K ratio of 23：1. Gill Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity, as an indicator of osmoregulation, peaked in the treatment where the Na/K ratio was 17：1. The total hemocyte count, respiratory burst, and immune-related enzyme activities （ALP, LSZ, PO, and SOD） ofL. vananmei were affected significantly by Na/K ratios （P〈0.05）. After challenged with Vibrio harveyi, the cumulative mortality of shrimp reared in a Na/K ratio of 23：1 （30±14.14）% was significantly lower than the control （75～7.07）%. In conclusion, the addition of K＋ to low-salinity well water in L. vannamei cultures is feasible. Na/K ratios ranging from 23：1 to 33：1 might improve survival and growth. Immunity and disease resistance are also closely related to the Na/K ratio of the low-salinity well water. The findings may contribute to the development of more efficient K^＋ remediation strategies for L. vananmei culture in low-salinity well water.

Preparation of Layered Potassium Titanate Whiskers with Large Length-diameter Ratio by KDC Method

Pure K2Ti4O9 whiskers were prepared by KDC（Kneading-Drying-Calcination） method with TiO2 and K2CO3 as raw materials. The influences of TiO2/K2CO3 molar ratio（RT/K）, calcination temperature（TC） and cooling process on phase composition and morphology of the whiskers were investigated by TG-DSC（thermo gravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter）, XRD（X-ray diffraction）, and SEM（scanning electron microscope）. Pure K2Ti4O9 potassium titanate whiskers with large length-diameter ratio（r）（over 250） can be obtained at RT/K = 2.9 and TC = 950 ℃.

Preparation and Piezoelectric Properties of CuO-added(Ag_(0.75)Li_(0.1)Na_(0.1)K_(0.05_)NbO_3 Lead-free Ceramics

CuO-doped（Ag0.75Li0.1Na0.1K0.05）NbO3（ALNKN-xCuO, x = 0.2mol%） lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method in air atmosphere. The effects of CuO addition on the phase structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were investigated. The experimental results show that the ALNKN ceramics without doping CuO possess rhombohedral phase along with K2NbrO16- type phase and metallic silver phase. For all of the CuO-doped ALNKN ceramics, a pure perovskite structure with the orthorhombic phase was obtained by enclosing the samples in a corundum tube. A homogeneous microstructure with＇the grain size of about 1 ~tm was formed for the ceramics with 0.5mo1% CuO. The grain size increases with increasing amount of CuO. The temperature dependence of dielectric properties indicates that the ferroelectric phase of the ALNKN-xCuO ceramics becomes less stable with the addition of CuO. The ceramics with x = lm01% exhibit relatively good electrical properties along with a high Curie temperature. These results will provide a helpful guidance to preparing other AN-based ceramics by solid-state reaction method in air atmosphere.

亚硝酸盐急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾免疫功能及鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究亚硝酸盐急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)免疫功能及鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性的影响。选择平均体重为(1.68±0.23)g的凡纳滨对虾600尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾虾。设置亚硝酸盐浓度分别为0(对照组)、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/L,急性胁迫96 h。分别在胁迫0、12、24、48、72、96 h取样,测定其肝胰腺免疫功能相关指标和鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性。结果显示:各胁迫组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性均受胁迫时间延长总体呈先升后降趋势。3.2 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、ACP活性在胁迫96 h时均降至对照组水平;LDH活性在胁迫24 h时降至对照组水平,后持续下降至显著低于对照组水平(P<0.05)。除0.4 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺丙二醛(MDA)含量在胁迫96 h时降至对照组水平外,其余各组的MDA含量在胁迫96 h内均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在胁迫96 h内,0.4 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性持续上升;0.8~3.2 mg/L组凡纳滨对虾鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性均随胁迫时间延长呈先激活后抑制趋势,且3.2 mg/L组在胁迫96 h时降至对照组水平。研究表明,在0.4~3.2 mg/L亚硝酸盐急性胁迫下,凡纳滨对虾免疫功能和鳃Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP活性受到影响,当盐度为(24.0±1.0)‰时,需要控制凡纳滨对虾健康养殖过程中亚硝酸盐含量在0.4 mg/L以内。

盐霉素通过Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶诱导脂肪干细胞和肝癌干细胞胀亡的作用机制研究

目的观察脂肪干细胞(ASCs)和肝癌干细胞(HCCSCs)对盐霉素处理的反应,探讨Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶在盐霉素选择性杀伤ASCs和HCCSCs中的作用。方法采用CCK-8、Transwell实验分析盐霉素对ASCs及HCCSCs的细胞毒性反应,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,采用Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶检测试剂盒测定细胞内Na^(+)和K^(+)离子浓度,通过ATP检测试剂盒测定细胞内ATP浓度。采用Western blot法分析Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶各亚基及细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白的表达水平。通过上述方法验证盐霉素通过调控Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶诱导ASCs和HCCSCs胀亡(细胞肿胀、坏死)的作用机制。结果盐霉素选择性诱导ASCs和HCCSCs胀亡。在胀亡的ASCs和HCCSCs中,细胞内ATP浓度显著下降,伴随Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶活性丧失和细胞内Na^(+)滞留。所有类型的Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶亚基在ASCs中均有表达,而在盐霉素诱导分化的ASCs中仅表达α1和β1亚基。β1亚基的丧失是阿霉素诱导肝癌Huh-7细胞EMT的关键事件,相反β1亚基的过表达可以抑制阿霉素诱导的Huh-7细胞EMT。结论Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶的活性差异是盐霉素对干细胞产生选择性细胞毒性的原因,且β1亚基是肝癌EMT过程中一个重要因素。Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶亚基对ASCs和HCCSCs的干性及癌症干细胞样的EMT过程起关键作用。

Preparation and Tunable Luminescence of Eu Doped KNN Ceramics

Rare-earth doped inorganic ferroelectrics are considered as novel photochromic materials,with potential applications for optical switch and information storage(K0.5Na0.5)1–xEuxNbO3(KNN:xEu)ceramics were prepared by high temperature calcination,with precursor powder obtained by hydrothermal method.Strong red emission at 615 nm was observed which corresponds to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+under excitation of 465 nm.Under UV light irradiation for 3 min,the color of the ceramics turned from milky white to dark gray.The colored samples returned to the original color when heated at 200℃for 10 min,showing strong photochromic behavior.Meanwhile,the luminescence intensity of Eu3+can be tuned without obvious degradation by alternating UV light and heat stimulus.Upon UV light irradiation,large luminescence modulation ratio(ΔRt)up to 83.9%was achieved for KNN:0.06Eu,indicating good luminescence switching behavior.A possible mechanism for non-radiative energy transfer from the luminescent center to the color center was proposed according to their luminescent behavior.

盐度驯化对虹鳟和金鳟Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力、皮质醇含量及其组织结构的影响

为探究不同盐度驯化对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的鳃的影响,以盐度0为对照,研究了15‰和30‰两种盐度驯化虹鳟和金鳟后,鱼体鳃、血清中Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力、血清中皮质醇含量和鳃、肾脏的组织学变化。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,低盐度下随驯化盐度提高,虹鳟、金鳟鳃部Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力均呈增加趋势,但高盐度驯化时二者鳃部Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力受抑制,血清中Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力较低,且活力随盐度变化不大。血清皮质醇浓度随着驯化盐度增加而升高,盐度30‰条件下虹鳟和金鳟血清中皮质醇的含量达到最高值。虹鳟和金鳟的组织切片结果显示,驯化盐度过高时对二者肾脏和鳃组织均造成破坏,肾脏组织表现为肾小囊及肾小球遭到破坏并完全消失,鳃组织出现明显的氯细胞数量激增和鳃丝上皮脱落且鳃丝变细变长。

Preparation and properties of (K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3-LiNbO_3 ceramics

The lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1-x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xLiNbO3(abbreviated as KNLN) were synthesized by a traditional solid state reaction. The effects of Li+ on the sintering characteristic, the phase structure and piezoelectric properties of KNLN ceramics were investigated. The sintering temperature of KNN-based ceramics is decreased by doping Li+ and the range of the sintering temperature is narrow. The KNLN ceramics exhibit an enhanced piezoelectric properties with the piezoelectric constant d33 value of 180-200 pC/N, The electromechanical coupling coefficients kp is 35%-40%. The results show that (1-x)(K0.5Na0.5)-NbO3-xLiNbO3 (x=0.05, 0.06) is a promising high-temperature lead free piezoelectric ceramic.

盐胁迫对四种基因型冬小麦幼苗Na^+、K^+吸收和累积的影响

以4种不同基因型冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长及Na+、K+和Cl-的吸收、累积规律。结果表明,盐胁迫下小麦吸水困难,幼苗生长受抑;幼苗含水量、生物量及干物质量明显下降;Na+、Cl-含量和单株累积量显著增加,K+含量和单株累积量则明显降低。Na+/K+比值随介质中的盐浓度的增加而升高。盐胁迫下各基因型冬小麦幼苗Na+、K+和Cl-的单株累积量及其在地上部分和根系中的含量变化较大,说明小麦根系对Na+、K+和Cl-的吸收存在基因型差异。盐处理下,暖型小麦NR9405对K+的选择吸收能力强,对Na+的吸收和累积少,植株体内的K+浓度较高,Na+/K+比值小;幼苗的生物量较大,耐盐性强。冷型小麦RB6对K+的选择能力差,对Na+的吸收和累积量大,幼苗的Na+/K+比值大,生物量小,耐盐性较差。低盐浓度下,Na+可作为渗透调节物质维持植物体内渗透平衡。高盐浓度下,Na+的过度吸收和累积可能是盐害的主要原因。维持体内较低的Na+水平和Na+/K+比值是小麦耐盐性的一个重要特征。

NaCl胁迫对盐芥和拟南芥K^+、Na^+吸收的影响(简报)

盐胁迫下植物对K+和Na+的选择性吸收能够代表植物对盐胁迫的适应性。本研究以盐生植物盐芥和甜土植物拟南芥为材料,研究了NaCl胁迫下盐芥和拟南芥幼苗的生长,K+、Na+在根与叶中的含量。结果表明,叶中拟南芥Na+含量逐渐增加,K+含量逐渐减少,K+/Na+逐渐降低;盐芥则完全不同,盐浓度从0逐渐增加到300mmol/L,Na+含量基本没有变化,K+含量先增加然后逐渐减少,K+/Na+先升高然后逐渐降低,100和200 mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,盐芥的K+/Na+分别比拟南芥的高2和5倍。随着NaCl浓度从0逐渐增加到200 mmol/L,盐芥和拟南芥根中Na+和K+的增加和降低趋势相同,盐芥K+的含量随着盐浓度的增加先增加随后逐渐降低,拟南芥K+的含量逐渐降低,相同浓度下根的K+/Na+始终是盐芥高于拟南芥。盐芥表现出盐生植物吸钾拒钠的特性。SNa+/K+值表明盐芥限制地上部分吸收Na+的能力比拟南芥更强。分析结果发现盐胁迫下拟南芥中的Na+与K+含量变化极显著正相关,因此推断它们的吸收通道或载体为单一竞争性。盐芥吸收的Na+与K+含量完全不相关,具有各自独立的载体或通道系统。

盐碱胁迫对小麦种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及Na~＋、K~＋代谢的影响

为给盐碱地区小麦合理种植提供依据,以春小麦品种吉麦3号为材料,混合两种中性盐(NaCl∶Na2SO4=4∶1)与两种碱性盐(Na2CO3∶NaHCO3=4∶1)分别模拟不同强度的盐、碱胁迫条件,探讨小麦种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及Na+、K+代谢对其的响应方式,并比较种子萌发期与早期幼苗生长阶段耐盐碱能力的强弱。结果表明,碱胁迫使小麦种子的发芽率、发芽速率及早期幼苗生长的下降幅度大于盐胁迫,高盐环境下未萌发的种子在蒸馏水中复萌较好,而高碱环境下则多数死亡。盐碱胁迫对小麦早期幼苗根生长的抑制程度显著大于茎叶,并且该阶段的耐盐碱性明显低于种子萌发期。随着盐碱胁迫浓度的增加,小麦幼苗根与茎叶中的Na+含量与Na+/K+显著增加,且在碱胁迫下,尤其是根中Na+含量和Na+/K+值更高,盐胁迫下K+含量在根与茎叶中变化不明显,而在碱胁迫下则呈下降趋势。上述结果说明,盐胁迫与碱胁迫对小麦种子活力和早期幼苗生长与生理代谢的影响有着明显的不同,根中大量积累Na+是小麦在早期幼苗阶段耐盐碱性的重要生理特征。小麦种子萌发期与早期幼苗生长阶段耐盐碱性具有明显的差异,盐碱胁迫下种子即使能够萌发也不意味着能够继续生长成苗。

氨氮胁迫对青鱼幼鱼鳃丝Na^+/K^+-ATP酶、组织结构及血清部分生理生化指标的影响

氨氮是诱发鱼病的主要环境因子,以初始体质量(7.00 0.14)g的青鱼幼鱼为研究对象,研究氨氮胁迫对其鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶、组织结构及血清部分生理生化指标的影响。实验设置低(对照组0 mg/L)、中(10 mg/L)和高(20 mg/L)3个氨氮浓度处理组,将暂养在自然淡水(对照)中的青鱼幼鱼分别放入各实验梯度中,进行0、6、12、24、48和96 h氨氮胁迫。结果表明:与对照组相比,中、高氨氮组鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性分别在12 h和6 h降至最低,然后升高,48 h达最大值,96 h后与对照组水平相当。鳃组织光镜观察表明,中氨氮组鳃小片基部泌氯细胞数量12 h有所增加,24 h呼吸上皮细胞出现部分脱落,96 h泌氯细胞出现空泡化,部分鳃小片充血;而高氨氮组鳃小片基部泌氯细胞数量6 h呈增加趋势,12 h呼吸上皮细胞部分脱落,24 h大面积脱落,96 h鳃小片基部严重充血。血清皮质醇和血糖含量在胁迫12 h均升高至最大,含量与氨氮浓度呈正相关,48 h恢复至对照组水平。氨氮胁迫下,血清总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力呈先升高后降低的趋势,6 h时显著高于对照组(P<0.05),中氨氮组12 h后与对照组差异不显著,而高氨氮组96 h时显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力12 h内均呈先降低后升高趋势,48 h均恢复至对照组水平。氨氮胁迫前期,血清总抗氧化力和谷胱甘肽均呈下降趋势,丙二醛和谷丙转氨酶活力呈升高趋势。谷胱甘肽和谷丙转氨酶活力在96 h恢复至对照组水平,而丙二醛96 h仍显著高于对照组,高氨氮组总抗氧化力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,氨氮胁迫初期,鱼体抗氧化系统受到严重干扰。随着胁迫时间延长,鱼体进行适应性生理调节,但机体抗氧化能力下降,鳃组织已受到损伤。

盐碱对大鳞鲃血清渗透压、离子含量及鳃丝Na^+/K^+-ATP酶活力的影响

通过室内毒理实验,研究了盐度、碱度以及盐碱交互作用对大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)血清渗透压、血清离子(Na+、K+、Cl、尿素氮)浓度和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响。单因子实验中,随着含盐水平(8g/L、10g/L、12g/L、14g/L)的增大,大鳞鲃血清渗透压和血清离子(Na+、K+、Cl)浓度均显著升高(P<0.05),鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力先升高后降低,受体内外渗透压差的影响最显著(P<0.05)。碱度的增大(19.05mmol/L、30.20mmol/L、47.86mmol/L、75.86mmol/L)能引起血清K+和尿素氮浓度显著升高(P<0.05),但对血清渗透压和鳃丝ATP酶活力无显著影响。在双因子实验中,盐碱交互升高会引起渗透压和血清离子(Na+、Cl、尿素氮)显著升高(P<0.05)。方差分析结果表明,盐度、碱度及交互作用均对渗透压有显著影响,影响作用最大的是盐度,其次是碱度,交互作用最小。鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性先升高后降低,最高值出现在盐度10g/L、碱度30.20mmol/L的正交试验组。从实验结果可得出,大鳞鲃在盐度12g/L以下的水体中能生存,在盐碱共存的环境下,能耐受的上限为盐度10g/L、碱度30.20mmol。本研究旨在掌握大鳞鲃的生存盐碱度范围,以期为该物种的增养殖生产提供基础依据。

短期NaCl胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗K^+吸收和Na^+、K^+积累的影响

为研究盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及Na+、K+的吸收和积累规律,以中国春、洲元9369和长武134等3种耐盐性不同小麦品种为材料,采用非损伤微测技术检测盐胁迫2 d后的根系K+离子流变化,并对植株体内的Na+、K+含量进行测定。结果表明:短期(2d)盐胁迫对小麦生长有抑制作用,且对根系的抑制大于地上部,耐盐品种下降幅度小于盐敏感品种。盐胁迫下,小麦根际的K+大量外流,盐敏感品种中国春K+流速显著高于耐盐品种长武134,最高可达15倍。小麦幼苗地上部分和根系均表现为Na+积累增加,K+积累减少,Na+/K+比随盐浓度增加而上升。中国春限Na+能力显著低于长武134,Na+/K+则显著高于长武134。综上所述,盐胁迫下造成小麦组织器官中Na+/K+比上升的主要原因是根系K+大量外流和Na+的过量积累,耐盐性不同的小麦品种间差异显著,并认为根系对K+的保有能力可能是作物耐盐性评价的一个重要指标。

饥饿对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼不同组织抗氧化能力、Na^+/K^+-ATP酶活力和鱼体生化组成的影响

卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)幼鱼经短期饥饿处理后测定其鳃、肝脏和肌肉中的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度、Na+/K+-ATP酶活力和全鱼生化组成。结果显示,饥饿7 d后鳃丝和肌肉的T-AOC显著升高,肝脏的T-AOC显著下降(P<0.01);鳃丝和肌肉SOD活力均显著升高(P<0.01),肝脏的SOD活力变化不显著(P>0.05);鳃丝、肝脏和肌肉的b(MDA)在饥饿后上升,鳃丝b(MDA)与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),肝脏b(MDA)与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),肌肉b(MDA)差异不显著(P>0.05)。饥饿8 d后鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力显著升高(P<0.01),肝脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力显著下降(P<0.01),肌肉Na+/K+-ATP酶活力也有所升高(P>0.05);饥饿后鱼体水分质量分数上升,粗蛋白质量分数、粗脂肪质量分数和能值下降,而且相对损失率是粗脂肪>粗蛋白,表明卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在饥饿早期主要消耗脂肪向机体提供能量,随着饥饿时间的延长,蛋白质将被消耗。

氯氰菊酯对草鱼组织Na^+/K^+-ATP酶活性及肝、鳃超显微结构的影响

以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为实验材料,采用毒性实验方法研究了氯氰菊酯对草鱼肝、鳃、肾组织Na+/K+-ATP酶活性及超显微结构的影响。将草鱼分别浸泡于氯氰菊酯(质量浓度0μg·L-1、1μg·L-1、3μg·L-1、5μg·L-1)溶液中,结果显示,鳃组织Na+/K+-ATP酶活性呈波动性变化;肝、肾组织Na+/K+-ATP酶活性呈抑制效应,肝组织高浓度处理组在72h时出现显著差异(P<0.05),肾组织Na+/K+-ATP酶活性呈抑制效应不显著,用草鱼肝组织Na+/K+-ATP酶活性作为毒理学指标能较好地评价氯氰菊酯毒性效应;超显微观察发现草鱼暴露于氯氰菊酯质量浓度3μg·L-11周后,鳃小叶粘连、鳃上皮细胞损伤脱落、溶酶体数量增加、细胞萎缩及间隙扩大,表明氯氰菊酯暴露对草鱼鳃呼吸膜造成了严重损伤,肝细胞线粒体膨大及部分结构溶解、内质网片断化、细胞内溶酶体增加和出现脂褐素、胞质内出现空泡,表明氯氰菊酯暴露能对草鱼肝的能量代谢及物质合成等生理功能造成影响。

盐胁迫对燕麦质膜透性及Na^+、K^+吸收的影响

为了研究盐胁迫对燕麦生理特性及产量的影响,以NaCl与Na2SO4摩尔浓度1∶1的混盐按土壤含盐量配成0(CK),0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%,0.6%,0.7%,0.8%8个盐浓度梯度,进行盆栽试验,研究了盐胁迫对燕麦质膜透性和Na+、K+吸收的影响。结果表明:燕麦细胞膜的相对透性随着盐胁迫程度的增加和时间的延长而呈上升趋势,且随生育时期的推进,不同盐分胁迫间的质膜相对透性差量也逐渐增大;丙二醛含量随盐胁迫的增加基本呈递增趋势,盐浓度0.4%时值略有降低;燕麦根、茎、叶随盐胁迫程度的增加Na+含量基本呈增加趋势,盐胁迫增加时根吸收的Na+逐渐向茎、叶中转移;燕麦根、茎、叶随盐胁迫程度的增加K+含量基本呈下降趋势,根中K+含量各生育时期差量很小且含量很低,苗期各器官中差量较大,叶中K+含量是根中的4.24倍,是茎中的1.80倍;成熟收获期,不同盐胁迫下,燕麦根中的Na+和K+各项指标均低于地上部位,根和地上部位Na+含量随盐胁迫的增加逐渐上升。