ERCC1、K-ras、TP-73在替雷利珠单抗联合TP化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌中的评估价值

目的研究探讨核苷酸切除修复交叉互补基因1(ERCC1)、Kirsten-Rous肉瘤病毒蛋白(K-ras)、肿瘤蛋白P73(TP73)在替雷利珠单抗结合紫杉醇+顺铂(TP)化疗方案治疗NSCLC中的评估价值。方法选取2020年1月至2021年12月本院收治的126例NSCLC肺癌患者为研究对象,按随机抽签法分为对照组、观察组,各63例。对照组以TP化疗方案治疗,观察组增加替雷利珠单抗治疗。评估组间临床疗效、肿瘤标记蛋白、免疫指标、生存周期、不良反应。结果观察组患者的客观缓解率为69.84%(44/63)高于对照组患者为52.38%(33/63),观察组疾病控制率为82.54%(52/63),高于对照组患者为66.67%(42/63)(P<0.05)。化疗1周期、化疗3周期、化疗6周期时,观察组ERCC1、K-ras、TP-73水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组免疫功能补体C3、补体C4、CD40细胞低于对照组,NK细胞高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的TTP、PFS、总生存期均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为19.05%(12/63),对照组为12.70%(8/63),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论替雷利珠单抗联合TP化疗方案治疗肺癌有良好的治疗效果,能够改善患者免疫功能,延长患者生存周期,治疗安全性较好,且ERCC1、K-ras、TP-73水平变化可反映替雷利珠单抗联合TP化疗方案在肺癌治疗中的效果,在综合疗效评估中有较高的应用价值。

K-ras基因突变与胃癌组织病理特征及预后的相关性分析

目的 探讨与分析K-ras基因突变与胃癌组织病理特征及预后的相关性。方法 选取100例胃癌患者作为胃癌组,选择同期在本院体检的健康人群100例作为对照组,检测所有对象的外周血K-ras基因突变情况。调查胃癌患者的组织病理特征,随访患者的预后并进行相关性分析。结果 胃癌组的K-ras基因突变率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在胃癌组中,不同胃癌组织病理特征(病灶直径、组织学分化、临床分期、淋巴结转移)患者的K-ras基因突变率对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胃癌患者平均随访时间(35.59±1.19)月,其中死亡18例,死亡患者的K-ras基因突变率显著高于生存患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在胃癌组中,Spearman分析显示K-ras基因突变率与病灶直径、组织学分化、临床分期、淋巴结转移、预后死亡等存在正相关性(P<0.05)。结论 胃癌患者多伴随有血清K-ras基因突变,与患者的临床病理特征与预后死亡存在相关性,K-ras基因突变具有重要的临床应用价值。

生脉饮合沙参麦冬汤加味对非小细胞肺癌患者生活质量及CEA、ERCC1、K-ras与GP-73水平的影响

目的探讨生脉饮合沙参麦冬汤加味对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者生活质量及癌胚抗原(CEA)、核苷酸切除修复交叉互补组1(ERCC1)、鼠类肉瘤病毒癌基因(K-ras)与高尔基体糖蛋白-73(GP-73)水平的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年3月我院收治的102例NSCLC患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各51例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用生脉饮合沙参麦冬汤加味治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的疾病缓解率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的CEA、ERCC1、K-ras及GP-73水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的(FACT-G)各维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论生脉饮合沙参麦冬汤加味治疗NSCLC可提高患者的临床疗效及免疫功能,并减少不良反应,降低血清标记蛋白水平,进而改善生活质量,值得临床推广。

替雷利珠单抗联合GP化疗方案对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者ERCC1、K-ras、PI3K及Akt水平的影响

目的观察替雷利珠单抗联合GP化疗方案对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者核苷酸切除修复交叉互补组1(ERCC1)、Kirsten-Rous肉瘤病毒蛋白基因(K-ras)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)及蛋白激酶B(Akt)水平的影响。方法选取2021年6月—2023年8月福建省泉州市第一医院收治的晚期NSCLC患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为单抗组和GP组,各60例。GP组予以GP化疗方案(盐酸吉西他滨+顺铂)治疗,单抗组在GP组基础上加用替雷利珠单抗治疗,3周为1个周期,2组均连续治疗3个周期。比较2组近期疗效,治疗前后血清标记蛋白(ERCC1、K-ras、PI3K、Akt)水平、血清肿瘤标志物[组织人非小细胞肺癌抗原(LTA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)]水平及不良反应。结果单抗组客观缓解率、疾病控制率分别为70.00%、86.67%,高于GP组的51.67%、71.67%(χ^(2)=4.232,P=0.040;χ^(2)=4.093,P=0.043)。2组治疗3个周期后ERCC1、K-ras、PI3K、Akt、LTA、NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC水平均较治疗前降低,且单抗组低于GP组(P<0.01);单抗组与GP组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(16.67%vs.10.00%,χ^(2)=1.713,P=0.191)。结论在晚期NSCLC患者中联用替雷利珠单抗与GP化疗方案,可增强疗效,进一步改善血清标记蛋白及肿瘤标志物水平,且安全性高。

K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变与直肠癌新辅助放化疗疗效及预后的关系

目的:探讨K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变与直肠癌新辅助放化疗(nCRT)疗效及预后的关系。方法:选取2015年03月至2020年03月于医院接受nCRT并行根治手术的直肠癌患者182例作为研究对象。所有患者术前接受卡培他滨化疗,同时采用长程分割疗法进行放疗,共治疗5周,nCRT结束后5~12周,根据肿瘤位置及nCRT情况行手术治疗,出院后进行为期1年的随访。以肿瘤退缩分级(TRG)评价直肠癌nCRT疗效,TRG 1-3级纳入nCRT有效组,TRG 4-5级纳入nCRT无效组。nCRT前经肠镜取肿瘤组织,检测K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变状态,分析K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变与直肠癌nCRT疗效及预后的关系。结果:在182例直肠癌患者中,K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变率分别为34.07%、6.59%、13.19%,nCRT治疗有效率为60.44%。nCRT有效组K-Ras、BRAF及PIK3CA基因突变率显著低于nCRT无效组(P<0.05)。K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变状态预测直肠癌nCRT疗效的敏感度分别为68.45%、65.38%、57.76%,特异度分别为72.39%、69.23%、63.12%,AUC分别为0.626、0.573、0.532。Logistic回归分析结果显示K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变与直肠癌nCRT疗效显著相关(P<0.05)。K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变患者平均生存时间均分别短于K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA无突变者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多变量COX回归分析结果显示K-Ras、BRAF及PIK3CA基因突变患者死亡风险分别是K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA无突变者的1.639倍、1.811倍、1.432倍(P<0.05)。结论:K-Ras、BRAF、PIK3CA基因突变与直肠癌患者nCRT疗效和预后相关,可作为nCRT疗效和预后的预测指标。

1889例结直肠癌MSI、K-ras、N-ras和B-raf基因状态以及临床病理特征分析

目的通过对1889例结直肠癌微卫星不稳定(MSI)、K-ras、N-ras和B-raf基因检测,分析其基因状态与临床病理特征之间的关联性。方法收集东部战区总医院病理科结直肠癌患者手术切除大标本共计1889例,通过PCR荧光法联合毛细管电泳法对1889例结直肠癌进行MSI、K-ras、N-ras和B-raf检测,分析其基因状态与临床病理特征之间的关系,以及MSI与K-ras、N-ras和B-raf之间的关联性分析,并且对MSI自身位点的相关性分析。结果1889例结直肠癌患者中,微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)更易发生于右侧结肠(16.4%)、黏液腺癌(14.9%)、分化程度较低(18.7%)、年龄偏低(8.3%)、淋巴结未转移(9.1%)以及B-raf突变(5.2%)的患者中,K-ras突变更易发生于右侧结肠(50.7%)、黏液腺癌(50.7%)、分化程度较高(52.1%)、微卫星低度不稳定或稳定型(42.2%)的患者中,而B-raf突变更易发生在MSI-H(6.9%)的患者中,而N-ras基因则与临床病特征关联性不强。结论结直肠癌患者的MSI、K-ras和B-raf基因状态与临床病理特征存在着高度的关联性,因此通过分析其基因状态与临床病理特征之间的关系可以为临床靶向治疗以及预后提供更加可靠的依据。

曲美替尼对K-ras突变直肠癌细胞恶性行为、耐药蛋白及巨噬细胞极化的作用机制的研究

目的探讨曲美替尼对K-ras突变直肠癌细胞恶性行为、耐药蛋白及巨噬细胞极化的作用机制。方法取K-ras突变直肠癌细胞HCT116,将其随机分为HCT116组(HC组)、西妥昔单抗+HCT116组(CE组)、低剂量曲美替尼+HCT116组(LT组)、中剂量曲美替尼+HCT116组(MT组)、高剂量曲美替尼+HCT116组(HT组),Transwell实验及划痕实验检测细胞恶性行为,MTT法检测药物敏感性,RT-PCR法检测耐药蛋白表达,免疫印迹法检测巨噬细胞极化相关指标。结果与HC组相比,其余四组细胞侵袭、迁移及GST-π、P-gp、TopoⅡ、CD163表达显著降低(P<0.05),CD40蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05);与LT组相比,MT组、HT组细胞侵袭、迁移及GST-π、P-gp、TopoⅡ、CD163表达显著降低(P<0.05),CD40蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),且HT组比MT组变化明显(P<0.05);HCT116细胞对西妥昔单抗与曲美替尼均敏感,但与西妥昔单抗相比,曲美替尼的IC_(50)明显更低(P<0.05)。结论曲美替尼对K-ras突变直肠癌细胞具有显著疗效,可显著改善其恶性行为,抑制耐药蛋白表达,抑制巨噬细胞M2极化。

Inhibition of protein degradation increases the Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton

Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two main problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls among all the cotton plant’s organs.Therefore,increasing the Bt protein concentration at the boll stage,especially in bolls,has become the main goal for increasing insect resistance in cotton.In this study,two protein degradation inhibitors(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA)and leupeptin)were sprayed on the bolls,subtending leaves,and whole cotton plants at the peak flowering stage of two Bt cultivars(medium maturation Sikang 1(SK1))and early maturation Zhongmian 425(ZM425)in 2019 and 2020.The Bt protein content and protein degradation metabolism were assessed.The results showed that the Bt protein concentrations were enhanced by 21.3 to 38.8%and 25.0 to 38.6%in the treated bolls of SK1 and ZM425 respectively,while they were decreased in the subtending leaves of these treated bolls.In the treated leaves,the Bt protein concentrations increased by 7.6 to 23.5%and 11.2 to 14.9%in SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The combined application of EDTA and leupeptin to the whole cotton plant increased the Bt protein concentrations in both bolls and subtending leaves.The Bt protein concentrations in bolls were higher,increasing by 22.5 to 31.0%and 19.6 to 32.5%for SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The organs treated with EDTA or/and leupeptin showed reduced free amino acid contents,protease and peptidase activities and significant enhancements in soluble protein contents.These results indicated that inhibiting protein degradation could improve the protein content,thus increasing the Bt protein concentrations in the bolls or/and leaves of cotton plants.Therefore,the increase in the Bt protein concentration without yield reduction suggested that these two protein degradation inhibitors may be applicable for improving insect resistance in cotton production.

Major royal-jelly proteins intake modulates immune functions and gut microbiota in mice

In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.

The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).

Impact of apolipoprotein E isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease:beyond the role of amyloid beta

The impact of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease has long been studied;however,the influences of apolipoprotein E gene(APOE)on healthy and pathological human brains are not fully understood.ApoE exists as three common isoforms(ApoE2,ApoE3,and ApoE4),which differ in two amino acid residues.Traditionally,ApoE binds cholesterol and phospholipids and ApoE isoforms display diffe rent affinities for their receptors,lipids transport and distribution in the brain and periphery.The role of ApoE in the human depends on ApoE isoforms,brain regions,aging,and neural injury.APOE E4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease,considering its role in influencing amyloid-beta metabolism.The exact mechanisms by which APOE gene variants may increase or decrease Alzheimer's disease risk are not fully understood,but APOE was also known to affect directly and indirectly tau-mediated neurodegeneration,lipids metabolism,neurovascular unit,and microglial function.Consistent with the biological function of ApoE,ApoE4 isoform significantly alte red signaling pathways associated with cholesterol homeostasis,transport,and myelination.Also,the rare protective APOE variants confirm that ApoE plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.The objectives of the present mini-review were to describe classical and new roles of various ApoE isoforms in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology beyond the deposition of amyloid-beta and to establish a functional link between APOE,brain function,and memory,from a molecular to a clinical level.APOE genotype also exerted a heterogeneous effect on clinical Alzheimer's disease phenotype and its outcomes.Not only in learning and memory but also in neuro psychiatric symptoms that occur in a premorbid condition.Cla rifying the relationships between Alzheimer's disease-related pathology with neuropsychiatric symptoms,particularly suicidal ideation in Alzheimer's disease patients,may be useful for elucidating also the underlying pathophysiological process and its prognosis.Also,the effects of anti-amyloid-beta drugs,recently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease,could be influenced by the APOE genotype.

GmSTF accumulation mediated by DELLA protein GmRGAs contributes to coordinating light and gibberellin signaling to reduce plant height in soybean

Plant height influences plant architecture,lodging resistance,and yield performance.It is modulated by gibberellic acid(GA)metabolism and signaling.DELLA proteins,acting as central repressors of GA signaling,integrate various environmental and hormonal signals to regulate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis.We examined the role of two DELLA proteins,GmRGAa and GmRGAb,in soybean plant height control.Knockout of these proteins led to longer internodes and increased plant height,primarily by increasing cell elongation.GmRGAs functioned under different light conditions,including red,blue,and far-red light,to repress plant height.Interaction studies revealed that GmRGAs interacted with the blue light receptor GmCRY1b.Consistent with this,GmCRY1b partially regulated plant height via GmRGAs.Additionally,DELLA proteins were found to stabilize the protein GmSTF1/2,a key positive regulator of photomorphogenesis.This stabilization led to increased transcription of GmGA2ox-7b and subsequent reduction in plant height.This study enhances our understanding of DELLA-mediated plant height control,offering Gmrgaab mutants for soybean structure and yield optimization.

Co-mutation of p53,K-rasgenes and accumulation of p53 protein and its correlation to clinicopathological features in rectal cancer

AIM: To determine bhe accuracy of p53 gene mutations predicted by overexpression of p53 protein immunohistochemically,and to investigate the co-mutation of p53 and K-ras genes in rectal cancer and its effect on promoting malignant biologic behaviors of tumors.METHODS: Ninety-seven specimens of rectal cancer were surgically resected in our hospital from August 1996 to October 1997. The hot mutation areas of p53 gene (in exons 5-8) and K-rasgene (in codon 5/12 and 13) were detected with polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), and overexpression of p53 protein was detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the 97 specimens of rectal cancer. Correlation between gene mutations and tumor clinicopathologic factors was studied, and survival analysis was penfomed as well.RESULTS: There were 36 cases of p53 gene mutations in 61 p53 protein positive cases, and 21 cases of p53 gene non-mutation in 36 p53 protein negative cases respectively.The coincidence rate of p53 gene mutation by IHC method with PCR-SSCP method was 58.8% (57/97). The mutation rate of p53 gene was 52.6% (51/97), while K-ras gene mutation was observed in codons 12 and 13 in 61 cases with a mutation rate of 62.9% (61/97). Single gene mutation of p53 or K-raswas found in 32 cases. Both p53 and K-ras gene mutation were found in 48 cases. Statistical analysis showed that p53 and K-ras gene mutations were not related to the dinicopathologic factors, including tumor size, gross tumor type, histological dassification, differentiation, invasion to intestinal veins, lymphatics and nerves, invasive depth to.wall, lymph node metastasis, and Dukes' stages (P>0.05).The survival in patients with no gene mutation, single gene mutation and both gene mutations were similar (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: IHC has a certain false positive and false negative rate in detecting p53 gene mutations. Malignant biological behaviours of rectal cancer are not enhanced by p53 and K-rasgene mutations. Co-mutation of p53 and K-ras gene has neither synergic carcinogenesis-promoting effect,nor prognostic effect on rectal cancer.

Responses of growth performance,antioxidant function,small intestinal morphology and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein to dietary iron in yellow-feathered broilers

This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O.Compared with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.0001).Adding 640 and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)significantly decreased ADG(P<0.0001)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P<0.0001)compared with supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(P<0.0001),but MDA concentration in liver and jejunum increased linearly(P<0.05)or quadratically(P<0.05)with increased dietary Fe concentration.The villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary Feincreased.As dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA abundance.In summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein.

Emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate obtained by Corolase PP under high hydrostatic pressure

Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification.Hence,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size.In addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability.This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.

Crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein signaling during osteogenic differentiati

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)originate from many sources,including the bone marrow and adipose tissue,and differentiate into various cell types,such as osteoblasts and adipocytes.Recent studies on MSCs have revealed that many transcription factors and signaling pathways control osteogenic development.Osteogenesis is the process by which new bones are formed;it also aids in bone remodeling.Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathways are involved in many cellular processes and considered to be essential for life.Wnt/β-catenin and BMPs are important for bone formation in mammalian development and various regulatory activities in the body.Recent studies have indicated that these two signaling pathways contribute to osteogenic differen-tiation.Active Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis by activating the downstream targets of the BMP signaling pathway.Here,we briefly review the molecular processes underlying the crosstalk between these two pathways and explain their participation in osteogenic differentiation,emphasizing the canonical pathways.This review also discusses the crosstalk mechanisms of Wnt/BMP signaling with Notch-and extracellular-regulated kinases in osteogenic differentiation and bone development.

Interplay between the glymphatic system and neurotoxic proteins in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders:current knowledge and future directions

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with abnormal aggregation and accumulation of neurotoxic proteins,includingα-synuclein,amyloid-β,and tau,in addition to the impaired elimination of these neurotoxic protein.Atypical parkinsonism,which has the same clinical presentation and neuropathology as Parkinson’s disease,expands the disease landscape within the continuum of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.The glymphatic system is a waste clearance system in the brain,which is responsible for eliminating the neurotoxic proteins from the interstitial fluid.Impairment of the glymphatic system has been proposed as a significant contributor to the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease,as it exacerbates the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins and deteriorates neuronal damage.Therefore,impairment of the glymphatic system could be considered as the final common pathway to neurodegeneration.Previous evidence has provided initial insights into the potential effect of the impaired glymphatic system on Parkinson’s disease and related disorders;however,many unanswered questions remain.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the growing literature on the glymphatic system in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.The focus of this review is on identifying the manifestations and mechanisms of interplay between the glymphatic system and neurotoxic proteins,including loss of polarization of aquaporin-4 in astrocytic endfeet,sleep and circadian rhythms,neuroinflammation,astrogliosis,and gliosis.This review further delves into the underlying pathophysiology of the glymphatic system in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders,and the potential implications of targeting the glymphatic system as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy.

Optimizing the Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)protein concentration in cotton:Coordinated application of exogenous amino acids and EDTA to reduce spatiotemporal variability in boll and leaf toxins

During the boll formation stage,cotton bolls exhibit the lowest expression of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)insecticidal proteins.Resistance to insects varies notably among different organs,which poses challenges for controlling cotton bollworms.Consequently,an experimental strategy was designed in the 2020-2021 cotton growing season to coordinate the enhancement of protein synthesis and the attenuation of degradation.Two Bt cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum,namely the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1,were used as test materials.Three treatments were applied at the peak flowering period:CK(the control),T1(amino acids),and T2(amino acids and EDTA).The results show that,in comparison to the CK group,the Bt protein contents were significantly increased in both cotton bolls and their subtending leaves under the T1 and T2 treatments.The maximum levels of increase observed were 67.5%in cotton bolls and 21.7%in leaves.Moreover,the disparity in Bt protein content between cotton bolls and their subtending leaves notably decreased by 31.2%.Correlation analysis suggested that the primary physiological mechanisms for augmenting Bt protein content involve increased protein synthesis and reduced protein catabolism,which are independent of Bt gene expression levels.Stepwise regression and path analysis revealed that elevating the soluble protein content and transaminase activity,while reducing the catabolic enzyme activities,are instrumental in enhancing the Bt protein content.Consequently,the coordinated application of amino acids and EDTA emerges as a strategy that can improve the overall resistance of Bt cotton and mitigate the spatiotemporal variations in Bt toxin concentrations in both cotton bolls and leaves.

人恶性胸膜间皮瘤组织中K-ras基因点突变的研究

目的:探究云南省大姚县青石棉污染区恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)患者组织K-ras基因点突变。方法:应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)-单链构象多态性分析和PCR-DNA测序技术联合检测59例MPM患者和13例非MPM患者胸膜间皮组织中K-ras基因密码子12、13和61的点突变情况。结果:59例MPM患者和13例非MPM患者胸膜间皮组织中均没有发生K-ras基因点突变,K-ras基因点突变的检出率为0.0%。结论:云南省大姚县青石棉污染区MPM患者组织K-ras基因突变型的比例较低,提示K-ras原癌基因点突变在此地区MPM的诱导发生中并不发挥关键作用。

Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows

Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(CP)diet with crystalline amino acids(CAA)supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown.Eighteen lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):control(CON;19.24%CP)and reduced CP with“optimal”AA profile(OPT;14.00%CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on d 1,14,18,and 21 of lactation.Between d 14 and 18,a subset of 9 sows(CON=4,OPT=5)was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injection)and[13C]bicarbonate(priming dose)first,then a constant 2-h[13C]bicarbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed constant[1-13C]lysine infusion.Serial blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk Lys enrichment,Lys oxidation rate,whole body protein turnover,and muscle protein breakdown.Results Over the 21-d lactation period,compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(P<0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater efficiency of Lys(P<0.05),Lys mammary flux(P<0.01)and whole-body protein turnover efficiency(P<0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P=0.069).Muscle protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and CON(P=0.197).Conclusion Feeding an improved AA balance diet increased efficiency of Lys and reduced whole-body protein turnover and protein breakdown.These results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lactating sows fed improved AA balance diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown.