The Kangding earthquake swarm of November, 2014

There was an earthquake swarm of two major events of MS6.3 and MS5.8 on the Xianshuihe fault in November, 2014. The two major earthquakes are both strike-slip events with aftershock zone along NW direction.We have analyzed the characteristics of this earthquake sequence. The b value and the h value show the significant variations in different periods before and after the MS5.8earthquake. Based on the data of historical earthquakes, we also illustrated the moderate-strong seismic activity on the Xianshuihe fault. The Kangding earthquake swarm manifests the seismic activity on Xianshuihe fault may be in the late seismic active period. The occurrence of the Kangding earthquake may be an adjustment of the strong earthquakes on the Xianshuihe fault. The Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the historical earthquakes were also given in this article. The results indicate that the earthquake swarm was encouraged by the historical earthquakes since1893, especially by the MS7.5 Kangding earthquake in1955. The Coulomb failure stress changes also shows the subsequent MS5.8 earthquake was triggered by the MS6.3earthquake.

Temporal variation of gravity field prior to the Ludian Ms6.5 and Kangding Ms6.3 earthquakes

Using mobile gravity data from the central area of Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, the relationship between gravity variation and earthquakes was studied based on the Ludian Ms6.5 earthquake that occurred on August 3rd, 2014, and the Kangding Ms6.3 earthquake that occurred on November 22 nd, 2014; the mechanism of gravity variation was also explored. The results are as follows：（1） Prior to both earthquakes, gravity variation exhibited similar characteristics as those observed before both the Tangshan and Wenchuan earthquakes, in which typical precursor anomalies were positive gravity variation near the epicenter and the occurrence of a high-gravity-gradient zone across the epicenter prior to the earthquake.（2） A relatively accurate prediction of the occurrence locations of the two earthquakes was made by the Gravity Network Center of China（GNCC） based on these precursor anomalies. In the gravity study report on the 2014 earthquake trends submitted at the end of 2013, the Daofu-Shimian section at the junction of the Xianshuihe and Longmenshan fault zones was noted as an earthquake-risk region with a predicted magnitude of 6.5, which covered the epicenter of the Kangding Ms6.3 earthquake. In another report on earthquake trends in southwestern China submitted in mid-2014, the Lianfeng, Zhaotong fault zone was also classified as an earthquake-risk region with a magnitude of 6.0, and the central area of this region basically overlapped with the epicenter of the Ludian Ms6.5 earthquake.（3） The gravity variation characteristics are reasonably consistent with crustal movements, and deep material migration is likely the primary cause of gravity variation.

Characteristics of Climate Change in Kangding City in Nearly 50 Years

Based on the statistical data of temperature and precipitation in Kangding City from 1960 to 2011, the variation characteristics of temperature and precipitation in nearly 50 years were studied. The results showed that in Kangding City, average temperature showed an increasing trend in nearly 50 years, which is consistent with global warming. Average temperature in Kangding City was stable from the 1960s to the 1990s but changed obviously in the 2000s. Precipitation in Kangding City tended to increase in nearly 50 years. Spring and summer precipitation increased synchronously, and autumn precipitation was five times more than winter precipitation.

Temporal Characteristics of Tourism Climate Comfort in Kangding City in Recent 60 Years

Based on the climate observation data of Kangding City in recent 60 years,the changing trends of temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index in Kangding City are analyzed.The results show that the annual average temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index of Kangding in recent 60 years showed an upward trend,which is consistent with global warming climate.Temperature and humidity index tended to change from the cold grade to the relatively cold and cool grades,and wind efficiency index changed from the slightly cold wind grade to the cool wind grade.Seen from temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index,the climate was comfortable and relatively comfortable from May to September,which will become an important climatic reference to attract tourists.

Reactive Transport Process of Earthquake-induced Hydrochemical Changes in Guanding Thermal Spring,Western Sichuan,China

Earthquake-related hydrochemical changes in thermal springs have been widely observed;however,quantitative modeling of the reactive transport process is absent.In the present study,we apply reactive transport simulation to capture the hydrochemical responses in a thermal spring following the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 and Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquakes.We first constrain deep reservoir geothermal fluid compositions and temperature by multicomponent geothermometry,and then a reactive geochemical transport model is constructed to reproduce the hydrochemical evolution process.The results show that the recharge from the shallow aquifer increases gradually until it reaches a peak because of the permeability enhancement caused by the Lushan earthquake,which may be the mechanism to explain the earthquake-related hydrochemical responses.In contrast to the postseismic effect of the Wenchuan earthquake,the chemical evolution can be considered as hydrochemical anomalies related to the Lushan earthquake.This study proves that the efficient simulation of reactive transport processes is useful for investigating earthquake-related signals in hydrochemical time series.

Petrogenesis and dating of the Kangding complex,Sichuan Province

An analysis of major and trace element geochemistry and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of mafic, intermediate, and felsic rocks from the Mianning metamorphic complex of Si- chuan Province was conducted. One of our conclusions is that a majority of the zircons crystal- lized between 721 and 773 Ma in a magmatic regime. The complexes contain early to late Pa- leo-proterozoic relict zircons from ancient continental crust. The oldest age, 2468 Ma, may rep- resent the basement of the Yangtze block. Overgrowth zircon rims and palingenetic zircons have been observed and dated, and are believed to have formed after crystallization, during Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic-anatexis. We also conclude that depletion of Nb, Ta, HREE, in a spider-diagram normalized to primitive mantle and calc-alkaline association, implies that they formed in island-arc or under-plating settings.

扬子克拉通西缘康定杂岩中花岗质岩石的成因及其构造意义

扬子克拉通西缘康定杂岩中的片麻状花岗岩主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、灰白色细粒二长花岗岩和少量的粉红色粗粒二长花岗岩组成。其中英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩形成于797～795Ma,灰白色细粒二长花岗岩SHRIMP锆石定年产生一个^(206)Pb/^(238)U权重平均767±24Ma,被解释为该期花岗质岩浆的结晶年龄。英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和灰白色细粒二长花岗岩和其中的闪长岩包体表现为右斜式稀土配分模式,具有很高的(La/Yb)_N比值,无Eu异常,在原始地幔标准化的多元素蜘蛛网状图上表现了明显的Nb、Ta、P和Ti负异常。而粉红色粗粒二长花岗岩却表现了平坦的稀土配分模式,具有强烈的负Eu异常和强烈的Nh、Ta、Sr、P和Ti负异常,但是富集大离子亲石元素。所有这些片麻状花岗岩具有ε_(Nd)(t)=-0.57～+5.67,绝大部分样品ε_(Nd)(t)>0。结合地质学、岩石学、地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素特征,康定杂岩中英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和灰白色细粒二长花岗岩形成于来自亏损地幔的初生地壳玄武质岩石和相关的杂砂岩在高压条件下的部分熔融,而粉红色粗粒二长花岗岩的岩浆导源于表壳岩低压条件下的部分熔融。结合这些片麻状花岗岩的岩石成因和构造鉴别,表明扬子克拉通西缘康定杂岩中新元古代片麻状花岗岩形成于安第斯型活动大陆边缘。