This paper presents the control algorithm for supercapacitor based kinetic energy recovery system. Supercapacitor shares energy with the motor drive DC link through bidirectional non-isolated converter. Two cascaded l...This paper presents the control algorithm for supercapacitor based kinetic energy recovery system. Supercapacitor shares energy with the motor drive DC link through bidirectional non-isolated converter. Two cascaded linear regulators control feedback linearized states of the system. As a result, the DC link voltage is stabilized and the supercapacitor voltage and current are limited. Control algorithm does not increase ripple of voltages and currents, and thus life time expectancy of supercapacitor is prolonged. In torque-controlled motor drives, current on DC side can rapidly change with bandwidth as high as 2 kHz. Based on measurements of KERS states, the algorithm estimates rapidly changing motor drive current on DC side and stabilizes the DC link voltage with overshoot less than 2%. Controller is independent from the motor drive parameters and relies only on its own measurements. This enables kinetic energy recovery system （KERS） to be a standalone device.展开更多
The extraction ofCannaedulisKer. starch from its rhizome was performed using 2 different types of press (hydraulic press and screw press) and with the addition of Na-metabisulphite and NaOH (in the range of concentrat...The extraction ofCannaedulisKer. starch from its rhizome was performed using 2 different types of press (hydraulic press and screw press) and with the addition of Na-metabisulphite and NaOH (in the range of concentration 100 - 5000ppm each). The optimum condition for thisprocess was determined by Central Composite Design of experiment and the statistical calculation was solved by Design-Expert7.0.0. The targets of the observed responses were high starch yield, low ash, low fiber, and high carbohydrate content. The results showed that the starch yield and the reduction of fiber were only influenced by the physical treatment whereas ash content in the product was influenced byboth the NaOH concentration and physical treatment. The carbohydrate content in the extraction product was affected by NaOH, by the interaction between the concentrations of NaOH and Na2S2O5 and also by the physical treatment. The hydraulic press gives much better responses compared to the screw press.But in the selected range of additives concentrations,the screw press gives a higher starch yield(30%-52%).展开更多
We show that the study of the hidden conformal symmetry that is associated with the Kerr/CFT correspondence can also apply to the cosmological horizon in the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter spacetime.This symmetry allo...We show that the study of the hidden conformal symmetry that is associated with the Kerr/CFT correspondence can also apply to the cosmological horizon in the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter spacetime.This symmetry allows employing some two dimensional conformal field theory methods to understand the properties of the cosmological horizon.The entropy can be understood by using the Cardy formula,and the equation for the scattering process in the near region is in agreement with that obtained from a two point function in the two-dimensional conformal field theory.We also show that pair production can occur near the cosmological horizon in Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter for near extremal conditions.展开更多
I.THEORY The Hamiltonian of rare earth ions can be written as where （?）<sub>Coul</sub> is the Coulomb interaction, （?）<sub>s·o</sub>, the spin-orbit interaction, （?）<sub>Ca<...I.THEORY The Hamiltonian of rare earth ions can be written as where （?）<sub>Coul</sub> is the Coulomb interaction, （?）<sub>s·o</sub>, the spin-orbit interaction, （?）<sub>Ca</sub>, Casimir operator interaction in the interaction of different configurations in Coulomb interaction, and （?）<sub>cf</sub> is ligand field interaction. A method to treat the rare earth ions is to diagonalize （?）<sub>Coul</sub>, （?）<sub>s.o</sub> and （?）<sub>Ca</sub>, in （1） simultaneously and then to determine the eigenfunction of "展开更多
文摘This paper presents the control algorithm for supercapacitor based kinetic energy recovery system. Supercapacitor shares energy with the motor drive DC link through bidirectional non-isolated converter. Two cascaded linear regulators control feedback linearized states of the system. As a result, the DC link voltage is stabilized and the supercapacitor voltage and current are limited. Control algorithm does not increase ripple of voltages and currents, and thus life time expectancy of supercapacitor is prolonged. In torque-controlled motor drives, current on DC side can rapidly change with bandwidth as high as 2 kHz. Based on measurements of KERS states, the algorithm estimates rapidly changing motor drive current on DC side and stabilizes the DC link voltage with overshoot less than 2%. Controller is independent from the motor drive parameters and relies only on its own measurements. This enables kinetic energy recovery system （KERS） to be a standalone device.
文摘The extraction ofCannaedulisKer. starch from its rhizome was performed using 2 different types of press (hydraulic press and screw press) and with the addition of Na-metabisulphite and NaOH (in the range of concentration 100 - 5000ppm each). The optimum condition for thisprocess was determined by Central Composite Design of experiment and the statistical calculation was solved by Design-Expert7.0.0. The targets of the observed responses were high starch yield, low ash, low fiber, and high carbohydrate content. The results showed that the starch yield and the reduction of fiber were only influenced by the physical treatment whereas ash content in the product was influenced byboth the NaOH concentration and physical treatment. The carbohydrate content in the extraction product was affected by NaOH, by the interaction between the concentrations of NaOH and Na2S2O5 and also by the physical treatment. The hydraulic press gives much better responses compared to the screw press.But in the selected range of additives concentrations,the screw press gives a higher starch yield(30%-52%).
基金Supported by LPPM UNPAR under contract no.III/LPPM/2022-02/79-P。
文摘We show that the study of the hidden conformal symmetry that is associated with the Kerr/CFT correspondence can also apply to the cosmological horizon in the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter spacetime.This symmetry allows employing some two dimensional conformal field theory methods to understand the properties of the cosmological horizon.The entropy can be understood by using the Cardy formula,and the equation for the scattering process in the near region is in agreement with that obtained from a two point function in the two-dimensional conformal field theory.We also show that pair production can occur near the cosmological horizon in Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter for near extremal conditions.
文摘颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(granule-bound starch synthase, GBSS)是一种能够决定直链淀粉生物合成的关键性酶。根据已发表的多种淀粉粒结合淀粉合成酶(GBSS)基因序列的对比分析,设计一对简并引物,采用同源克隆法和5’/3’RACE (Rapid amplification of c DNA ends)的方法,获得芭蕉芋GBSS全长的cDNA,从芭蕉芋中获得GBSSⅠ基因的cDNA全长片段,并对其核酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列进行了生物信息学分析,结果表明:芭蕉芋块茎GBSSⅠ基因ORF全长1 851 bp,编码616个氨基酸且蛋白质为一个稳定的蛋白;生物进化分析结果显示芭蕉芋与同姜目下巴西蕉、天宝蕉和马六甲小果野蕉亚种亲缘关系最为接近,芭蕉芋GBSSⅠ的克隆在分子生物学基础上对芭蕉芋块根直链淀粉生物合成及表达途径与调控的研究奠定重要的理论基础。
文摘I.THEORY The Hamiltonian of rare earth ions can be written as where （?）<sub>Coul</sub> is the Coulomb interaction, （?）<sub>s·o</sub>, the spin-orbit interaction, （?）<sub>Ca</sub>, Casimir operator interaction in the interaction of different configurations in Coulomb interaction, and （?）<sub>cf</sub> is ligand field interaction. A method to treat the rare earth ions is to diagonalize （?）<sub>Coul</sub>, （?）<sub>s.o</sub> and （?）<sub>Ca</sub>, in （1） simultaneously and then to determine the eigenfunction of "
