Study of macroscopic fundamental diagram on Shanghai urban expressway network in China

The macroscopic fundamental diagram（ MFD） is studied to obtain the aggregate behavior of traffic in cities. This paper investigates the existence and the characteristics of different types of daily MFD for the Shanghai urban expressway network. The existence of MFD in the Shanghai urban expressway network is proved based on two weeks＇ data.Moreover, the hysteresis phenomena is present in most days and the network exhibits different hysteresis loops under different traffic situations. The relationship between the hysteresis phenomena and the inhomogeneity of traffic distribution is verified. The MFDs in the years of 2009 and 2012 are compared. The hysteresis loop still exists in 2012, which further verifies the existence of the hysteresis phenomenon. The direct relationship between the length of the hysteresis loop（ ΔO） and the congestion is proved based on sufficient data. The width of the hysteresis loop, i. e., the drop in network flow（ ΔQ） has no relationship with the congestion, and it varies from day to day under different traffic situations.

Identification and characteristics analysis of bottlenecks on urban expressways based on floating car data

Identifying bottlenecks and analyzing their characteristics are important tasks to city traffic management authorities.Although the speed difference was proposed for the bottleneck identification in the existing research,the use of a secondary indicator has not been fully discussed.This paper strived to develop a method to identify the bottleneck on expressways by using the massive floating car data(FCD)in Beijing.First,the speed characteristics of bottlenecks on expressway were analyzed based on the speed contour map.The results indicated that there was a significant difference between speeds on the bottleneck and downstream links when a bottleneck was observed.The speed difference could indeed be used as the primary indicator to identify the bottleneck.However,it was also shown that a sufficiently large speed difference does not necessitate an activation of a bottleneck.The speed-at-capacity was then used as the secondary indicator to distinguish the real bottleneck from the non-bottleneck speed difference.Second,a practical method for identifying the bottleneck on expressways was developed based on the speed difference and the speed-at-capacity.Finally,the method was applied to identifying the bottlenecks of the 3rd Outer Ring Expressway in Beijing.The duration,affected distance,delay and cause were used to evaluate and analyze the bottlenecks.

A GIS-Based Evaluation of Environmental Sensitivity for an Urban Expressway in Shenzhen, China

Urban eco-environmental degradation is becoming inevitable due to the extensive urbanization, popula- tion growth, and socioeconomic development in China. One of the traffic arteries in Shenzhen is an urban expressway that is under construction and that runs across environmentally sensitive areas （ESAs）. The environmental pollution from urban expressways is critical, due to the characteristics of expressways such as high runoff coefficients, considerable contaminant accumulation, and complex pollutant ingredi- ents. ESAs are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances and hence should be given special attention. In order to evaluate the environmental sensitivity along this urban expressway and minimize the influences of the ongoing road construction and future operation on the surrounding ecosystem, the environmental sensitivity of the relevant area was evaluated based on the application of a geographic information sys- tem （GIS）. A final ESA map was classified into four environmental sensitivity levels; this classification indicates that a large proportion of the expressway passes through areas of high sensitivity, representing 11.93 km or 52.3% of the total expressway, and more than 90% of the total expressway passes through ESAs. This study provides beneficial information for optimal layout schemes of initial rainfall runofftreatment facilities developed from low-impact development （LID） techniques in order to minimize the impact of polluted road runoff on the surrounding ecological environment.

Coordinated chaos control of urban expressway based on synchronization of complex networks

We investigate the problem of coordinated chaos control on an urban expressway based on pinning synchronization of complex networks. A node coupling model of an urban expressway based on complex networks has been established using the cell transmission model（CTM）. The pinning controller corresponding to multi-ramp coordinated controller was designed by using the delayed feedback control（DFC） method, whose objective is to realize periodical orbits from chaotic states. The concrete pinning control nodes corresponding to the subsystems of regulating the inflows from the on-ramps to the mainline were obtained and the parameters of the controller were optimized by using the stability theory of complex networks to ensure the network synchronization. The validity of the proposed coordinated chaos control method was proven via the simulation experiment. The results of the examples indicated that the order motion on urban expressway can be realized, the wide-moving traffic jam can be suppressed, and the operating efficiency is superior to that of the traditional control methods.

Practical Management of Distance Based Toll System for Urban Expressway

According to the extension of ETC （Electronic Toll Collection） System, the distance based toll system has been recently introduced to realize the effective traffic management for urban transport networks. In the study, urban road network in Keihanshin area is analyzed as an empirical study. The traffic assignment technique is modified to estimate the traffic conditions on the network with describing the individual route charging as well as diversion traffic. The impact of implementation of distance based toll onto the real scale transport network can be evaluated to discuss the social benefit of road users. The advanced technique with intelligent information processing can be proposed to determine the optimal combination of parameters in distance based toll function. In the study, the reduction of total travel time of road users is regarded as the index of the social benefit on urban network. Therefore, the estimation model of total travel time is created by neural network without the estimation process for large scale network. After the optimal combination of parameters is determined, practical road pricing policy on the urban network can be analyzed. Finally, the optimal function form of distance based toll is recommended in practical implementation.

Design of Special-shaped Interchange between Expressway and Urban Road in Mountainous Cities

Driven by the rapid economic development,the development of transportation in China has begun to move towards mountainous areas.The climate environment,topography and landform of mountainous cities are different from those of plain areas.In mountainous cities,the area of opposite interchanges between expressways and urban roads is generally large,which has a certain contradiction with the topographic conditions of mountainous cities.Therefore,it is necessary to reasonably design the opposite interchanges between expressways and urban roads in mountainous cities.The author explores and analyzes the factors restricting the special-shaped interchange between expressway and urban road in mountainous cities and the main fbnns of special-shaped interchange,and puts forward a reasonable design scheme,hoping to make a smooth development of the special-shaped interchange in mountainous cities.

Express way and Urban Road Interchange Design Strategy

Highway is an important kind of infrastructure which the transportation sector depends on.The rationality of the interchange design between urban roads and expressways is related to the relieving of urban traffic pressure.Based on the status quo of interchange design between urban roads and expressways,this paper discusses the types and applications of interchange design,hoping to provide reference for the design and construction of highway projects and ensure the rationality of interchange design.

基于主线密度预测的快速路入口匝道控制方法

针对快速路入口匝道区域拥堵问题,本文提出一种基于交通密度预测的入口匝道控制方法。通过分析快速路匝道区域的交通特性,定义交通流缓行状态,利用经典宏观交通流模型对快速路主线的历史密度进行统计,基于速度、密度参数进行聚类分析量化缓行状态交通参数特征。基于城市交通流的日变化特性,利用时间序列模型对交通密度进行短期预测,基于预测结果识别缓行状态。针对交通缓行状态,提出一种快速路主线交通密度与入口匝道排队长度的协同控制模型,通过控制入口匝道进而控制主线下游密度不超过临界密度,利用PSO-PID(Particle Swarm Optimization-Proportional Integral Derivative Control)算法对控制模型进行求解。以南昌市洪都大道快速路为例,对晚高峰缓行时段进行仿真分析,并与经典的匝道控制方案进行对比分析。结果表明:本文模型相较ALINEA模型,将匝道调节率提高11.0%,匝道平均排队长度和平均延误分别降低了14.8%和13.5%。

城镇密集区公路桥群绿色建造创新探索

为提升城镇密集区公路绿色建造水平,结合南(沙)—中(山)高速的项目特点及工程需求,将绿色发展理念贯彻到公路设计、施工、运营、养护和管理的全寿命周期,重点研发了公路桥群工业化智能建造、公路资源综合利用、滨海湿地区公路环境保护与粤港澳大湾区交旅融合设计等四类十项创新技术。其中,预制梁环形生产线、非标准八车道等为项目特色首创技术,初步构建了典型城市群绿色桥群公路技术体系,并对未来重点发展方向进行了展望,以期丰富和完善粤港澳大湾区绿色公路技术体系,为其他高度城镇化区域可持续发展提供参考。

基于文献计量学的城市内涝风险评估研究进展与趋势展望

对“内涝”和“风险评估”进行关键词检索,以1991—2023年中国知网(CNKI)中文数据库、Web of Science(WOS)核心数据库共2783篇城市内涝风险评估相关文献为基础,采用词频分析、共被引分析、聚类分析等文献计量方法,借助R语言的Bibliometrix包实现数据统计与图谱绘制。结果表明,以内涝风险评估为主题的国内外相关研究近10年呈快速增长趋势,虽然中文文献出现晚于英文文献,但英文文献中,国内研究机构发文量最多;对应国内城市暴雨洪涝灾害发生数量排全球首位,体现出国内城市暴雨内涝灾害影响严重,并已逐渐成为众多学者关注的研究热点;地理信息系统(GIS)是内涝风险评估研究中常用的技术手段,机器学习和遥感技术广泛应用于国际研究,值得国内相关研究学习和借鉴;英文研究热点集中在灾损曲线、脆弱性指标体系和多准则的内涝综合风险分析,而中文研究目前聚焦在基于水文和水力学模型的内涝灾害危险性识别,未来在逐步完善的海绵城市和内涝防治工程建设研究基础上,面向气候变化和韧性城市规划建设的内涝综合风险评估可能会成为新的研究热点。

基于元胞自动机的城市快速路长距离交织区运行仿真

为了研究城市快速路长距离交织区对交通流运行特性的影响,建立多车道元胞自动机模型.根据长距离交织区内不同位置的换道车辆,考虑其各自换道行为和换道需求强度,引入3种不同换道规则,并对长距离交织区进行分段设定.基于动态安全间距、车流管理策略双重要素,构建不同管理策略下的多车道元胞模型.仿真结果表明,长距离交织区内的强制性驶出换道行为容易引发局部拥堵,形成出入口瓶颈.虽然双虚线型策略能够提供更多驶出车辆换道机会,但随着占有率的增加,这种优势逐渐减弱,相比之下,虚实线型策略更加合理.虚实线型策略-主路优先机制保证主路驶出车辆换道路权,不可避免会牺牲部分辅路通行效率.考虑到辅路的间断交通流特性,虚实线型策略1(先出后入)仍具备一定的实施价值.

基于ICAE算法的城市群高速公路网布局优化研究

为提升城市群高速公路网通达程度和可达性水平,建立了体现城市群特征的优化模型,并改进了帝国竞争算法,以哈长城市群为案例,探究布局优化效果。采用高速公路出行时间确定城市群可达性等级,通过考虑可达性、距离等参数建立优化模型;引入进化算子改进算法,构建进化帝国竞争算法;根据哈长城市群特征确定约束条件并求解,利用求解节点和周边道路网确定优化方案。研究表明:改进的算法收敛精度提高16.4%,时间缩短42.4%,共求解出6个节点,规划新建高速公路6条,改建高速公路14条,优化后的城市群高速公路2 h交通圈覆盖范围达到65.3%,14个县域交通圈等级上升,优化方案扩大了城市群2 h交通圈范围。

平行式快速路出口交通组织方法研究

针对平行式快速路出口排队溢出的交通问题,本文提出平行式快速路出口在无信号控制和信号控制情况下的5种交通组织方法,根据主辅车流的车头时距分布,建立主辅车流产生延误的计算模型。从方案选择的角度,以车均延误为评价指标,研究平行式快速路不同交通流量状态下出口最适合采用的交通组织方法。结果表明:当平行式快速路主路驶出车流和辅路车流的总流量低于1500 pcu·h^(-1)时,采取无信号让行的控制方法。主路驶出交通量较高时,采用主路驶出优先控制;辅路交通量较高时,采用辅路优先控制。当总流量在[1500,2300]pcu·h^(-1)时,采用辅路信号与让行相结合的控制方法。当主路驶出交通量较大时,采用辅路信号主路优先控制;当辅路交通量较大时,采用辅路信号辅路优先控制。当总流量高于2300 pcu·h^(-1)时,采用主辅全信号的控制方法。

广州城市快捷路二期过江通道总体设计

广州城市快捷路二期是广州中心城区内外环之间的辅助环形连续交通道路,同时也是白鹅潭地区“三环七射”道路骨架系统的三环之一,过江通道两岸具有接线路网复杂、沿线城中村及建设地块密集等特点,总体设计难度大。详述了过江通道建设的意义,综合考虑总体规划、城中村改造计划、征地拆迁、环境效应和江中通航要求等因素,先进行线位比选,然后进行过江桥隧方案比选,最后通过隧道工法比选,对过江通道总体设计做了细致的分析比对,最终选取了过江沉管隧道作为实施方案。该项目对缓解城市交通压力和加速项目沿线经济快速发展具有重要意义,同时也为沉管隧道建设进一步积累经验。

快速路晴雨天环境运行特征差异及最佳服务流率

城市快速路雨天较晴天通行缓慢、拥堵频发,通过对比雨天、晴天环境下快速路运行特征,揭示晴雨环境下服务流率与车速的动态关系,是城市快速路智能化动态管理的首要问题,为此研究快速路晴雨天环境下的最佳服务流率分析方法。首先,利用线圈检测数据分析雨天和晴天环境下流率、速度、占有率的分布特征,采用K-S检验证实了晴雨天交通流存在显著差异;分别对雨天和晴天进行通行能力及运行失效分析,结果显示按现行规范标准确定的饱和度(V/C)并不适用于雨天交通流服务水平分析,存在侧重强调最大通过量而对发生交通失效后表达不准确的局限性。鉴于此,提出兼顾一定运行车速且最大化服务交通量的方法,给出最佳服务流率的概念及其确定方法。建立综合流量—速度—占有率的3维K-Means聚类模型,得到雨天、晴天运行失效前后的交通状态聚类结果,阐释了运行失效前后的服务流率与服务水平关系,指出运行失效前稳定流率可以作为最佳服务流率。

城市快速路施工交通组织与交通安全分析

快速路建设不可避免地要占用现状道路,占道施工导致道路通行能力降低,周围路网压力增大,交通安全隐患增加。为确保道路的安全与畅通,必须制订施工期间交通组织方案。以烟台市港城西大街互通立交节点快速路为例,分析快速路占道施工交通特性,指出施工期间存在的主要问题,提出施工期间交通组织优化方法和安全保障措施。

基于混合策略改进ASO-LSSVM的风险驾驶行为分类识别

为解决现有智能算法在优化支持向量机识别风险驾驶行为过程中收敛速率缓慢和误差较大的问题。首先,采用Tent映射取代原子搜索优化算法(ASO)种群初始化随机设置的方式,增加原子种群多样性和质量;其次,使用逐维小孔成像反向学习与柯西变异混合机制,提高原子个体择优位置的多样性,克服ASO算法易陷入局部最优和过早收敛的问题;最后,通过引入自适应变螺旋搜寻策略改进原子个体位置更新过程,以提升ASO算法的全局搜索能力,实现全局搜索和局部开发间关系的有效平衡,缓解ASO算法易陷入局部最优和收敛精度不足的问题。以上海北横通道出口匝道车辆轨迹数据为输入,使用混合策略改进ASO算法寻优求解最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)参数,构建基于混合策略改进原子搜索优化最小二乘支持向量机IASO-LSSVM的快速路出口匝道风险驾驶行为分类识别模型。数值仿真实验结果表明:IASO算法在12个基准测试函数数值仿真结果的平均值、标准差、最佳适应度和最差适应度等方面均更接近最佳优化值。IASO-LSSVM模型相较于ASO-LSSVM和LSSVM等模型的风险驾驶行为分类识别结果误差指标正确率、精确率、召回率和F1值分别增加11.5~24.5、14.1~29.0、15.1~28.6和14.7~31.2个百分点,且在不同类型风险驾驶行为识别结果中误差变化范围最小。IASO算法参数寻优求解精度和收敛速率优于ASO算法,且IASO-LSSVM模型可用于不同类型风险驾驶行为精准识别,可为车辆行驶轨迹状态合理判别,制定风险驾驶行为预警防控措施提供数据支撑与理论依据。

城市快速路与高速公路互通立交方案选型与设计——以胶州西互通立交为例

城市快速路与城区高速公路的高快衔接需采用互通立交实现,以沈海高速公路(青岛段)胶州西互通立交为例,根据转向交通量、地形、土地、主线平纵等条件,从与交通量的匹配性、收费站设置、工程造价及与城市规划的协调等角度出发,对互通式立交形式进行综合比选,选出最优互通立交方案,研究可为同类型互通立交设计提供参考。

轨道交通影响下的城市高架快速路设计方案分析

金海路位于上海市浦东新区北部,规划为城市快速路。轨道交通金吉路站设置于金海路(申江路—金吉路)路段,对金海路改建工程设计方案影响重大,是方案研究过程中的重难点。介绍了轨道交通为主的控制因素,方案设计原则及思路;分析了采用不同主线高架线位的方案特点,并通过对比研究,推荐了金海路主线高架采用北偏方案,匝道和地面道路布置同步考虑轨道交通9号线和崇明线的影响。从优化和完善金海路主线方案的角度,提出了主线高架与换乘通道合建的设想。

光伏声屏障在城市快速路上应用可行性分析

结合石家庄市槐安路高架西延工程,在光伏声屏障常规组件和彩色组件两种方案下,分别研究了离网系统与并网系统的电气系统、发电量、全寿命周期成本、效益等,并进行了可行性分析。结果表明,在储能装置成本无法显著降低的条件下,光伏声屏障使用离网系统供照明用电经济上不可行;彩色组件光伏声屏障影响发电效率,同时成本较高,经济上不可行;常规组件光伏声屏障并网系统经济上可行,同时具有一定的社会效益。