The laser host crystals of KLu(WO4)2(KLuW) with large sizes up to 43 × 35 × 16 mm3 have been grown along, [110], b, and c crystallographic directions, respectively, by the top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) s...The laser host crystals of KLu(WO4)2(KLuW) with large sizes up to 43 × 35 × 16 mm3 have been grown along, [110], b, and c crystallographic directions, respectively, by the top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) slow-cooling method. The macro defects are observed using optical microscopy. The main defects found were cracks, inclusions, growth striations, sector boundaries and twin boundaries. The formation mechanism and approaches to reduce or eliminate the defects have been analyzed.展开更多
The spectral parameters of Nd3+ ions in Nd3+:Klu(WO4)2 crystal were calculated based on Judd-Ofelt theory and obtained as follows: for the oscillator strengths ?λ: ?2 = 7.5029×10-20 cm2, ?4 = 7.1837×10-20...The spectral parameters of Nd3+ ions in Nd3+:Klu(WO4)2 crystal were calculated based on Judd-Ofelt theory and obtained as follows: for the oscillator strengths ?λ: ?2 = 7.5029×10-20 cm2, ?4 = 7.1837×10-20 cm2 and ?6 = 3.1189×10-20 cm2; the radiative lifetime is 123 μs; the quantum efficiency is equal to 64.55%; and β1 = 0.5498, β2 = 0.3943, β3 = 0.0551 and β4 = 0.0027 for the fluorescence branch ratios.展开更多
The KGd(WO 4) 2[KGW] crystal has a structure belonging to the monoclinic sys tem with space group C 2/ c and with unit cell dimensions a =1.068mm, b =1.043nm, c =0.76nm, β =130°.This crystal is an excellent host...The KGd(WO 4) 2[KGW] crystal has a structure belonging to the monoclinic sys tem with space group C 2/ c and with unit cell dimensions a =1.068mm, b =1.043nm, c =0.76nm, β =130°.This crystal is an excellent host material for solid state lasers.The threshold of the laser oscillations in a Nd 3+ d oped KGW laser crystal is considerable low and has a higher emissive section.T he fluorescent concentration quench effect of the Nd 3+ ion in the KGW crystal may be weakened due to the W O covalent bond,so this crystal has a higher dopi ng concentration of active ion.Furthermore,the absorption band at 808nm of Nd 3+ in the KGW crystal,which has 12nm FWHM,is well matched with the emission w avelength of a laser diode ,a solid state laser pump that is very convenient and popular in laser science and technology today.Therefore the KGW crystal has a l aser emission with higher output and higher efficiency.Scientists of laser techn ology circles are very interested in Yb 3+ doped laser crystals because they have four advanta ges when they are compared with Nd 3+ doped laser crystals.Firstly,their flu orescent lifetimes are three or four times as many as that of Nd 3+ doped la ser crystals,which is beneficial to reserving the energy.Secondly,the heat energ y,which is formed when laser is operating,will be decreased because the pumping band is close to the upper energy level.Not only will the use ratio of energy be increased but also the damage effect to laser properties will be decreased.Thir dly,there is no absorption problems of excite state because the energy level of Yb 3+ is simple.Finally,the higher optical quality crystals are easier to gr ow because the radius of Yb 3+ is closer to that of Gd 3+ .Furthermore,Y b 3+ doped laser crystals can substitute the Ti sapphire for the psec laser .展开更多
The Yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal with the dimension of Ф15×35 mm3 was grown by Czochralski technique. The spectroscopic characterization and fluorescence dynamics of Yb3＋ in yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal were inve...The Yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal with the dimension of Ф15×35 mm3 was grown by Czochralski technique. The spectroscopic characterization and fluorescence dynamics of Yb3＋ in yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal were investigated. The yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal exhibits a broad absorption band centered near 975 nm with the linewidths of 16 and 11 nm and maximal absorption cross-section of 3.60 × 10-20 and 2.90× 10-20 cm2 for π- and σ-polarization, respectively. The emission broadband has an FWHM of 47 and 45 nm with the emission cross sections of 3.92 × 10-20 and 3.34× 10-2o cm2 at 1020 nm for re- and or-polarization, respectively. The measured fluorescence lifetime is 398 gs. The blue light emission around 480 nm through cooperative upconversion from the de-excitation of excited Yb3＋-Yb3＋ pairs at 4 K was observed under 932-nm excitation and demonstrated.展开更多
The neodymium tungstate single crystals Nd-2(WO4)(3) were grown using the Czochralski method. The energy level scheme of Nd3+, was obtained through the spectral measurement. The upconversion luminescence of the crysta...The neodymium tungstate single crystals Nd-2(WO4)(3) were grown using the Czochralski method. The energy level scheme of Nd3+, was obtained through the spectral measurement. The upconversion luminescence of the crystals at 457 and 657 nm, corresponding to the (D5/2-->I11/2)-D-4-I-4 and (2)G(7/2)-->I-4(9/2) transitions, respectively, excited by 808 nm of a laser diode, was observed at room temperature. The fluorescence intensity and the excitation light power have a linear relationship at 457 nm and a quadratic relationship at 657 nm.展开更多
The Nd^3＋：LiGd（WO4） 2 crystal with dimensions of 25mm×28mm×16mm was grown by the top-seeded solution growth method from the 60 mol% Li2W2O7 flux. LiGd（WO4） 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal system with ...The Nd^3＋：LiGd（WO4） 2 crystal with dimensions of 25mm×28mm×16mm was grown by the top-seeded solution growth method from the 60 mol% Li2W2O7 flux. LiGd（WO4） 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal system with space group I41/a（C4h^6） and cell parameters： a = 5.1986 and c = 11.2652A. The hardness is about 5.0 Mohs＇ scale. The specific heat is 0.40 J·g^-1·K^-1 at 50 oC. The thermal expansion coefficients for a-and c-axes are 1.314×10^-5 and 2.052×10^-5 K^-1,respectively. The room-temperature polarized absorption and emission spectra and the fluorescence decay curve was measured. The parameters of oscillator strengths,the spontaneous transition probabilities,the fluorescence branching ratios,the radiative lifetimes,and the emission cross sections have been investigated based on Judd-Ofelt theory and Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method. The absorption cross-section is 5.19×10^-20 cm^2 at 805 nm for π-polarization and its line width is 15 nm; the emission cross section is 1.726×10^-19 cm^2 at 1060.5 nm for π-polarization. The fluorescence and radiative lifetimes are 86 and 158 μs,respectively. The fluorescence quantum efficiency is 54.43%.展开更多
A single crystal of Li3Ba2Ho3（WO4）8 was obtained from a flux of Li2WO4 under an air atmosphere. The structure of the pure crystal was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the mon...A single crystal of Li3Ba2Ho3（WO4）8 was obtained from a flux of Li2WO4 under an air atmosphere. The structure of the pure crystal was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 5.240（4）, b = 12.790（10）, c = 19.247（15）, β = 91.921（15）°, V = 1289.1（18）3, Z = 2, Mr = 2773.09, Dc = 7.144 g/cm3, μ = 47.732 mm-1, Rint = 0.0693, F（000） = 2340, the final R = 0.0472 and wR = 0.1221 for 1535 observed reflections （I 2σ（I））. The Li3Ba2Ho3（WO4）8 has a high structure disorder with one 8f site shared by Li（1） and Ho ions with occupancy of 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. The fundamental structure is constituted by distorted square antiprisms Ho/Li（1）O8 with C1 symmetry, distorted Li（2）O6 octahedra and BaO10 polyhedra. The optical properties were investigated by IR and absorption spectroscopy, and the emission cross sections and gain cross sections of 5I7 → 5I8 of Ho3＋ were calculated.展开更多
文摘The laser host crystals of KLu(WO4)2(KLuW) with large sizes up to 43 × 35 × 16 mm3 have been grown along, [110], b, and c crystallographic directions, respectively, by the top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) slow-cooling method. The macro defects are observed using optical microscopy. The main defects found were cracks, inclusions, growth striations, sector boundaries and twin boundaries. The formation mechanism and approaches to reduce or eliminate the defects have been analyzed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50272066) and Key Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province (2001F004)
文摘The spectral parameters of Nd3+ ions in Nd3+:Klu(WO4)2 crystal were calculated based on Judd-Ofelt theory and obtained as follows: for the oscillator strengths ?λ: ?2 = 7.5029×10-20 cm2, ?4 = 7.1837×10-20 cm2 and ?6 = 3.1189×10-20 cm2; the radiative lifetime is 123 μs; the quantum efficiency is equal to 64.55%; and β1 = 0.5498, β2 = 0.3943, β3 = 0.0551 and β4 = 0.0027 for the fluorescence branch ratios.
文摘The KGd(WO 4) 2[KGW] crystal has a structure belonging to the monoclinic sys tem with space group C 2/ c and with unit cell dimensions a =1.068mm, b =1.043nm, c =0.76nm, β =130°.This crystal is an excellent host material for solid state lasers.The threshold of the laser oscillations in a Nd 3+ d oped KGW laser crystal is considerable low and has a higher emissive section.T he fluorescent concentration quench effect of the Nd 3+ ion in the KGW crystal may be weakened due to the W O covalent bond,so this crystal has a higher dopi ng concentration of active ion.Furthermore,the absorption band at 808nm of Nd 3+ in the KGW crystal,which has 12nm FWHM,is well matched with the emission w avelength of a laser diode ,a solid state laser pump that is very convenient and popular in laser science and technology today.Therefore the KGW crystal has a l aser emission with higher output and higher efficiency.Scientists of laser techn ology circles are very interested in Yb 3+ doped laser crystals because they have four advanta ges when they are compared with Nd 3+ doped laser crystals.Firstly,their flu orescent lifetimes are three or four times as many as that of Nd 3+ doped la ser crystals,which is beneficial to reserving the energy.Secondly,the heat energ y,which is formed when laser is operating,will be decreased because the pumping band is close to the upper energy level.Not only will the use ratio of energy be increased but also the damage effect to laser properties will be decreased.Thir dly,there is no absorption problems of excite state because the energy level of Yb 3+ is simple.Finally,the higher optical quality crystals are easier to gr ow because the radius of Yb 3+ is closer to that of Gd 3+ .Furthermore,Y b 3+ doped laser crystals can substitute the Ti sapphire for the psec laser .
基金Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60808033)train object program of Jiangxi Province Young Scientists,Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.2011BAB206029,2010GQS0064 and 2008GZW0012)excellent young academic talent program of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics
文摘The Yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal with the dimension of Ф15×35 mm3 was grown by Czochralski technique. The spectroscopic characterization and fluorescence dynamics of Yb3＋ in yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal were investigated. The yb3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 crystal exhibits a broad absorption band centered near 975 nm with the linewidths of 16 and 11 nm and maximal absorption cross-section of 3.60 × 10-20 and 2.90× 10-20 cm2 for π- and σ-polarization, respectively. The emission broadband has an FWHM of 47 and 45 nm with the emission cross sections of 3.92 × 10-20 and 3.34× 10-2o cm2 at 1020 nm for re- and or-polarization, respectively. The measured fluorescence lifetime is 398 gs. The blue light emission around 480 nm through cooperative upconversion from the de-excitation of excited Yb3＋-Yb3＋ pairs at 4 K was observed under 932-nm excitation and demonstrated.
文摘The neodymium tungstate single crystals Nd-2(WO4)(3) were grown using the Czochralski method. The energy level scheme of Nd3+, was obtained through the spectral measurement. The upconversion luminescence of the crystals at 457 and 657 nm, corresponding to the (D5/2-->I11/2)-D-4-I-4 and (2)G(7/2)-->I-4(9/2) transitions, respectively, excited by 808 nm of a laser diode, was observed at room temperature. The fluorescence intensity and the excitation light power have a linear relationship at 457 nm and a quadratic relationship at 657 nm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60808033)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No.2008GZW0012)
文摘The Nd^3＋：LiGd（WO4） 2 crystal with dimensions of 25mm×28mm×16mm was grown by the top-seeded solution growth method from the 60 mol% Li2W2O7 flux. LiGd（WO4） 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal system with space group I41/a（C4h^6） and cell parameters： a = 5.1986 and c = 11.2652A. The hardness is about 5.0 Mohs＇ scale. The specific heat is 0.40 J·g^-1·K^-1 at 50 oC. The thermal expansion coefficients for a-and c-axes are 1.314×10^-5 and 2.052×10^-5 K^-1,respectively. The room-temperature polarized absorption and emission spectra and the fluorescence decay curve was measured. The parameters of oscillator strengths,the spontaneous transition probabilities,the fluorescence branching ratios,the radiative lifetimes,and the emission cross sections have been investigated based on Judd-Ofelt theory and Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method. The absorption cross-section is 5.19×10^-20 cm^2 at 805 nm for π-polarization and its line width is 15 nm; the emission cross section is 1.726×10^-19 cm^2 at 1060.5 nm for π-polarization. The fluorescence and radiative lifetimes are 86 and 158 μs,respectively. The fluorescence quantum efficiency is 54.43%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20971123,51002153,21007070,51102232,61106004 and 21103191)
文摘A single crystal of Li3Ba2Ho3（WO4）8 was obtained from a flux of Li2WO4 under an air atmosphere. The structure of the pure crystal was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 5.240（4）, b = 12.790（10）, c = 19.247（15）, β = 91.921（15）°, V = 1289.1（18）3, Z = 2, Mr = 2773.09, Dc = 7.144 g/cm3, μ = 47.732 mm-1, Rint = 0.0693, F（000） = 2340, the final R = 0.0472 and wR = 0.1221 for 1535 observed reflections （I 2σ（I））. The Li3Ba2Ho3（WO4）8 has a high structure disorder with one 8f site shared by Li（1） and Ho ions with occupancy of 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. The fundamental structure is constituted by distorted square antiprisms Ho/Li（1）O8 with C1 symmetry, distorted Li（2）O6 octahedra and BaO10 polyhedra. The optical properties were investigated by IR and absorption spectroscopy, and the emission cross sections and gain cross sections of 5I7 → 5I8 of Ho3＋ were calculated.
