AAV2-PDE6B restores retinal structure and function in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa by promoting phototransduction and inhibiting apoptosis

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that lead to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death.However,there is no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutation.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating retinitis pigmentosa.The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which AAV2-PDE6B rescues retinal function.To do this,we injected retinal degeneration 10(rd10)mice subretinally with AAV2-PDE6B and assessed the therapeutic effects on retinal function and structure using dark-and light-adapted electroretinogram,optical coherence tomography,and immunofluorescence.Data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate protein expression levels and pathway enrichment,and the results from this analysis were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.AAV2-PDE6B injection significantly upregulated PDE6βexpression,preserved electroretinogram responses,and preserved outer nuclear layer thickness in rd10 mice.Differentially expressed proteins between wild-type and rd10 mice were closely related to visual perception,and treating rd10 mice with AAV2-PDE6B restored differentially expressed protein expression to levels similar to those seen in wild-type mice.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins whose expression was most significantly altered by AAV2-PDE6B injection were enriched in phototransduction pathways.Furthermore,the phototransductionrelated proteins Pde6α,Rom1,Rho,Aldh1a1,and Rbp1 exhibited opposite expression patterns in rd10 mice with or without AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Finally,Bax/Bcl-2,p-ERK/ERK,and p-c-Fos/c-Fos expression levels decreased in rd10 mice following AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Our data suggest that AAV2-PDE6B-mediated gene therapy promotes phototransduction and inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and upregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression in retinitis pigmentosa.

产NDM-1和产KPC-2耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌临床及分子流行病学特征比较

目的比较产NDM-1和产KPC-2耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)的临床及分子流行病学特征。方法回顾性分析2017—2020年某儿童医院非重复儿童住院患者临床分离的CRKP,查阅菌株来源患者的病历资料获得患者的基本临床特征。对CRKP进行药敏试验及多位点序列分型(MLST)分析,比较产NDM-1和产KPC-2的CRKP临床及分子流行病学特征。结果2017—2020年共收集164株CRKP菌株,其中96株携带bla NDM-1,68株携带bla KPC-2,产NDM-1的CRKP主要分布在新生儿科室,产KPC-2的CRKP以非新生儿科室居多,两组在标本来源、患者年龄、科室分布和预后情况方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);产NDM-1的CRKP菌株以ST 17型和ST 278型为主,分别为40.63%、18.75%;而产KPC-2的CRKP菌株以ST 11为主,达73.53%。产KPC-2的CRKP分离株对头孢吡肟、氨曲南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、呋喃妥因和磷霉素的耐药率均高于产NDM-1的CRKP分离株,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论产NDM-1和产KPC-2的CRKP菌株在临床及分子流行病学方面均存在差异,产KPC-2的CRKP菌株表现出更严重的耐药性,感染KPC-2 CRKP的患者预后较差,应引起临床和感控的重视。

Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A pilot bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.

应用Minigene剪接变异体分析技术诊断PMM2基因非经典剪接位点新变异的致病性

目的:研究Minigene剪接变异体分析技术在诊断磷酸甘露糖变位酶2(PMM2)相关先天性糖基化障碍(PMM2-CDG)中的价值,探讨磷酸甘露糖变位酶2(PMM2)基因剪接位点新变异对其转录产物的影响。方法:通过对1例PMM2-CDG患儿进行高通量测序查找可能的遗传学病因,利用Minigene剪接变异体分析技术,研究PMM2基因新剪接位点变异的致病性。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(ACMG)指南,判断新变异的致病性。结果:遗传学分析发现患儿系PMM2基因母源性c.691G>A(p.Val231Met)变异和父源性c.447+5G>A变异复合杂合子。Minigene剪接变异体分析发现:变异c.447+5G>A导致PMM2基因转录产物形成r.348_447del转录本,为致病性PMM2基因变异。患儿的临床特征为皮肤巩膜黄染,血清总胆红素、非结合胆红素和总胆汁酸明显升高,白蛋白明显降低,甲胎蛋白、铁蛋白和促甲状腺素等升高,对症支持治疗效果欠佳。结论:Minigene剪接变异体分析可为PMM2-CDG确诊和家系遗传咨询提供新的分子标记物,扩展了PMM2基因变异谱,为该病的临床诊治提供新的参考依据。

Vanillylacetone attenuates cadmium chloride-induced hippocampal damage and memory loss through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene and protein expression

Memory loss and dementia are major public health concerns with a substantial economic burden.Oxidative stress has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hippocampal damage-induced memory impairment.To investigate whether the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound vanillyla cetone(zingerone) can protect against hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2)) administration in rats,we explo red the potential involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway,which is known to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation.Sixty healt hy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups:vehicle-treated(control),vanillylacetone,CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2)+ brusatol(a selective pharmacological N rf2inhibitor) groups.Vanillylacetone effectively attenuated CdCl_(2)-induced damage in the dental gyrus of the hippocampus and improved the memory function assessed by the Morris Water Maze test.Additionally,vanillylacetone markedly decreased the hippocampal tissue levels of inflammatory biomarkers(interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,intracellular cell adhesive molecules) and apoptosis biomarkers(Bax and cleaved caspase-3).The control and CdCl_(2)-treated groups treated with va nillylacetone showed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species,decreased malondialdehyde levels,and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities,along with significant elevation of nuclear Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal tissue.All the protective effects of vanillylacetone we re substantially blocked by the co-administration of brusatol(a selective N rf2 inhibitor).Va nillylacetone mitigated hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by CdCl_(2),at least in part, by activating the nuclear transcription factor Nrf2.Additionally,vanillylacetone exerted its potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.

新型抗KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶纳米抗体的筛选与鉴定

目的:产KPC-2型肺炎克雷伯菌可引起β-内酰胺类抗生素、碳青霉烯类抗生素产生耐药性。通过噬菌体展示技术从抗KPC-2纳米抗体文库中筛选与KPC-2特异性结合的纳米抗体,为产KPC-2型肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性的检测和诊断提供技术支持。方法:利用重组KPC-2免疫双峰骆驼,从骆驼的外周血淋巴细胞中提取RNA,逆转录为cDNA,通过两轮嵌套式PCR扩增出纳米抗体片段,构建抗体文库,并通过噬菌体展示技术筛选特异性纳米抗体。通过HPLC和OCTET分别进行表位分析和亲和力测定。结果:构建了一个库容为5.47×10^(8)cfu/ml且插入有效片段不低于81.25%的纳米抗体文库;并建立抗KPC-2纳米抗体的免疫淘选方法;获得了2个不同CDR3区的纳米抗体K2和K5,亲和力分别为6.0 nmol/L和4.8 nmol/L。且在KPC-2上具有2个非竞争性结合表位。结论:成功淘选出2个不同表位的特异性纳米抗体,有望替代传统抗体用于肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性疾病的检测和诊断。

To Analyze the Sensitivity of RT-PCR Assays Employing S Gene Target Failure with Whole Genome Sequencing Data during Third Wave by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Introduction: Omicron is a highly divergent variant of concern (VOCs) of a severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. It carries a high number of mutations in its spike protein hence;it is more transmissible in the community by immune evasion mechanisms. Due to mutation within S gene, most Omicron variants have reported S gene target failure (SGTF) with some commercially available PCR kits. Such diagnostic features can be used as markers to screen Omicron. However, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is the only gold standard approach to confirm novel microorganisms at genetically level as similar mutations can also be found in other variants that are circulating at low frequencies worldwide. This Retrospective study is aimed to assess RT-PCR sensitivity in the detection of S gene target failure in comparison with whole genome sequencing to detect variants of Omicron. Methods: We have analysed retrospective data of SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR samples for S gene target failure (SGTF) with TaqPath COVID-19 RT-PCR Combo Kit (ThermoFisher) and combined with sequencing technologies to study the emerged pattern of SARS-CoV-2 variants during third wave at the tertiary care centre, Surat. Results: From the first day of December 2021 till the end of February 2022, a total of 321,803 diagnostic RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed, of which 20,566 positive cases were reported at our tertiary care centre with an average cumulative positivity of 6.39% over a period of three months. In the month of December 21 samples characterized by the SGTF (70/129) were suggestive of being infected by the Omicron variant and identified as Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) when sequence. In the month of January, we analysed a subset of samples (n = 618) with SGTF (24%) and without SGTF (76%) with Ct values Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it took almost more than 15 days to diagnose infection and identify pathogen by sequencing technology. In contrast to that molecular assay provided quick identification with the help of SGTF phenomenon within 5 hours of duration. This strategy helps scientists and health policymakers for the quick isolation and identification of clusters. That ultimately results in a decreased transmission of pathogen among the community.

Analysis of SMOC2 gene variants in familial and nonfamilial primary open angle glaucoma Pakistani patients

AIM:To find out the association of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 2(SMOC2)gene variants rs2255680 and rs13208776 with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in both familial and non-familial primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)patients.METHODS:A total of 212 POAG patients,comprising 124 familial and 88 non-familial,were enrolled.For genotyping the SMOC2 variant rs2255680,amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)were utilized for analyzing rs13208776 variant.RESULTS:The mean age of familial POAG patients was 50.92±9.12y,with 78 males and 46 females.The mean age of non-familial POAG patients was 53.14±13.44y,with 52 males and 36 females.The SMOC2 gene variant rs13208776 showed the significant association with POAG between familial and non-familial groups.The homozygous G/G variant was frequent among non-familial(60.2%)whereas the heterozygous G/A variant was more frequent in familial POAG patients(46%).There were significant differences in G/A variant between familial and non-familial glaucoma patients,and the risk was decreased to 0.53-fold in non-familial glaucoma patients[odds ratio(OR):0.53;95%confidence interval(CI):0.29-0.94;P=0.033]in codominant model.The risk was further reduced to 0.49-fold(95%CI:0.28-0.86;P=0.012)in dominant model for non-familial patients.No significant association of SMOC2 gene variant rs2255680 between familial and non-familial glaucoma patients was found in our population.The haplotype analysis showed the decreased risk for TA[OR:0.48(95%CI:0.29-0.79);P=0.004]and an increased risk for TG[OR=2.28(95%CI:1.22-4.25);P=0.01]haplotypes.CONCLUSION:Current findings show significant association of SMOC2 gene variant rs13208776 with POAG between familial and non-familial Pakistani patients.

Regulatory potential of soil available carbon,nitrogen,and functional genes on N_(2)O emissions in two upland plantation systems

Dynamic nitrification and denitrification processes are affected by changes in soil redox conditions,and they play a vital role in regulating soil N_(2)O emissions in rice-based cultivation.It is imperative to understand the influences of different upland crop planting systems on soil N_(2)O emissions.In this study,we focused on two representative rotation systems in Central China:rapeseed–rice(RR)and wheat–rice(WR).We examined the biotic and abiotic processes underlying the impacts of these upland plantings on soil N_(2)O emissions.The results revealed that during the rapeseed-cultivated seasons in the RR rotation system,the average N_(2)O emissions were 1.24±0.20 and 0.81±0.11 kg N ha^(–1)for the first and second seasons,respectively.These values were comparable to the N_(2)O emissions observed during the first and second wheat-cultivated seasons in the WR rotation system(0.98±0.25 and 0.70±0.04 kg N ha^(–1),respectively).This suggests that upland cultivation has minimal impacts on soil N_(2)O emissions in the two rotation systems.Strong positive correlations were found between N_(2)O fluxes and soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),and the ratio of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC)to NO_(3)^(–)in both RR and WR rotation systems.Moreover,the presence of the AOA-amoA and nirK genes were positively associated with soil N_(2)O fluxes in the RR and WR systems,respectively.This implies that these genes may have different potential roles in facilitating microbial N_(2)O production in various upland plantation models.By using a structural equation model,we found that soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA gene accounted for over 50%of the effects on N_(2)O emissions in the RR rotation system.In the WR rotation system,soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA and nirK genes had a combined impact of over 70%on N_(2)O emissions.These findings demonstrate the interactive effects of functional genes and soil factors,including soil physical characteristics,available carbon and nitrogen,and their ratio,on soil N_(2)O emissions during upland cultivation seasons under rice-upland rotations.

Pathogenesis of chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene:Hypotheses and conundrums

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene(CEAS)is a complex gastroenterological condition characterized by multiple ulcers in the small intestine with chronic bleeding and protein loss.This review explores the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CEAS,focusing on the role of SLCO2A1-encoded prostaglandin transporter OATP2A1 and its impact on prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels.Studies have suggested that elevated PGE2 levels contribute to mucosal damage,inflammation,and disruption of the intestinal barrier.The effects of PGE2 on macrophage activation and Maxi-Cl channel functionality,as well as its interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play crucial roles in the progression of CEAS.Understanding the balance between its protective and pro-inflammatory effects and the complex interactions within the gastrointestinal tract can shed light on potential therapeutic targets for CEAS and guide the development of novel,targeted therapies.

Transglutaminase 2 serves as a pathogenic hub gene of KRAS mutant colon cancer based on integrated analysis

BACKGROUND Colon cancer is acknowledged as one of the most common malignancies worldwide,ranking third in United States regarding incidence and mortality.Notably,approximately 40%of colon cancer cases harbor oncogenic KRAS mutations,resulting in the continuous activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling.AIM To investigate the key pathogenic genes in KRAS mutant colon cancer holds considerable importance.METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis,in combination with additional bioinformatics analysis,were conducted to screen the key factors driving the progression of KRAS mutant colon cancer.Meanwhile,various in vitro experiments were also conducted to explore the biological function of transglutaminase 2(TGM2).RESULTS Integrated analysis demonstrated that TGM2 acted as an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival.Immunohistochemical analysis on tissue microarrays revealed that TGM2 was associated with an elevated probability of perineural invasion in patients with KRAS mutant colon cancer.Additionally,biological roles of the key gene TGM2 was also assessed,suggesting that the downregulation of TGM2 attenuated the proliferation,invasion,and migration of the KRAS mutant colon cancer cell line.CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential significance of TGM2 in the progression of KRAS mutant colon cancer.This insight not only offers a theoretical foundation for therapeutic approaches but also highlights the need for additional clinical trials and fundamental research to support our preliminary findings.

Gene expression analysis of cytokines and MMPs in melatonin and rhBMP-2 enhanced bone remodeling

BACKGROUND In the medical and dental fields,there is a need for studies of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bone defects that cause extensive bone loss.Melatonin may be an important endogenous biological factor for bone remodeling,and growth factors may enhance the repair process.AIM To evaluate the gene expression of cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α),markers of osteoclastogenesis(RANK,RANKL and OPG)and MMPs(MMP-1,MMP-2,MMP-8 and MMP-13)from the treatment of melatonin associated with an osteogenic membrane and rhBMP-2 on the recovery of a bone injury.METHODS Sixty-four rats were used and divided into 9 experimental groups and were formed according to the treatment carried out in the region of the bone lesion,which varied between the combination of 1,10 and 100μmol/L of melatonin.Gene Expression analysis was performed using real time-PCR by reading the concentration of total RNA and reverse transcription.RESULTS There were differences between groups when compared with clot or scaffold control,and improvement with a higher concentration of melatonin or rhBMP-2.The combination melatonin(1μg)with 5μg of rhBMP-2,using the guided bone regeneration technique,demonstrated some effects,albeit mild,on bone repair of critical bone defects.CONCLUSION This indicates that the approach for administering these substances needs to be reassessed,with the goal of ensuring their direct application to the affected area.Therefore,future research must be carried out,seeking to produce materials with these ideal characteristics.

产KPC-2肺炎克雷伯菌的基因分型、毒力基因和血清型特征研究

目的分析我院产KPC-2肺炎克雷伯菌基因分型、毒力基因和血清型特点。方法收集碳青霉烯类不敏感肺炎克雷伯菌菌株75株(采用改良Hodge试验和DNA测序以确定其表型和基因型)和同期分离的敏感株97株,脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析菌株间的同源性,PCR检测9种毒力基因all S、rmp A、mrk D、kfu BC、cf29a、fim H、uge、wab G、ure A和K1、K2、K5、K54、K57、K206种血清型。比较产KPC-2和非产KPC-2肺炎克雷伯菌的毒力基因和血清型差异。结果 75株碳青霉烯类不敏感肺炎克雷伯菌菌株中,有61株细菌经改良Hodge试验初筛为产碳青霉烯酶菌株,PCR扩增及DNA测序确定其为产KPC-2酶。PFGE结果显示,依据相似度80%的折点,产KPC-2酶组的61株细菌来源于30个克隆菌株,不产KPC-2酶组的111株肺炎克雷伯菌来源于96个克隆菌株。all S基因在不产KPC-2组中的阳性率(21.9%)高于在产KPC-2组的阳性率(3.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清型K1、K2和K54在产KPC-2组与不产KPC-2组间的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他3种血清型未检测到。结论产KPC-2肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株携带的尿素酶基因all S减少,且大多不属于高致病性血清型,但作为高度耐药菌,应加强监控。

海南产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的流行现状

目的探讨海南地区产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的流行现状。方法通过法国梅里埃API20E生化鉴定条和法国生物梅里埃VITEK2全自动细菌鉴定仪和配套CNS试剂筛选出临床上耐亚胺培南或美罗培南的肠杆菌科细菌并进行药敏统计;并对其进行改良Hodge试验和亚胺培南/亚胺培南+EDTA纸片法协同试验检测碳青霉烯酶表型;对目的菌株进行KPC-2耐药基因PCR特异性扩增,扩增后将产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳。结果分离出30株耐亚胺培南和美罗培南的肠杆菌科细菌,体外药敏除阿米卡星23.3%和左氧氟沙星36.7%外,其他广谱青霉素类、头孢类、碳青霉烯类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂及庆大霉素呈现高水平耐药。30株耐亚胺培南和美罗培南的肠杆菌科细菌有9株改良Hodge试验为阳性,有21株亚胺培南/亚胺培南+EDTA纸片法协同试验为阳性。对其9株改良Hodge试验为阳性菌株进行KPC-2基因PCR扩增,扩增后进行电泳没有发现携带KPC-2耐药基因的耐药菌株。结论海南地区耐碳青霉烯类抗生素的肠杆菌科细菌暂时没有发现携带KPC-2型基因耐碳青霉烯酶,但多见产金属酶的碳青霉烯酶。

广东省东莞地区发现1株泛耐药产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶的肺炎克雷伯菌

目的研究泛耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的相关耐药机制和治疗对策。方法细菌鉴定采用VITEK2全自动细菌鉴定系统,药敏试验采用K-B法,通过产碳青霉烯酶确证试验(改良Hodge试验)及聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测KPC-2基因,并进行序列测定。同时调查感染患者的诊疗情况。结果常规药敏试验显示,该菌株对阿米卡星敏感,对其他抗菌药物均耐药;Hodge试验阳性,PCR检测到KPC-2基因,序列测定与GenBank 11844849序列一致。患者经拔除气管插管,入住隔离病房,加强支持治疗后,1个月内未检测到泛耐药肺炎克雷伯菌。结论加强泛耐药肺炎克雷伯菌监测,提高对泛耐药菌的认识有助于感染疾病的治疗和预防。

Main Agronomic Characters and Grain Quality of Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-d2 Transgenic Rice

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide metabolic evidence for the analysis of the ecological and safety assessment of Pi-d2-transgenic rice.[Method] The main agronomic characters of Pi-d2-transgenic rice were observed in field experiment and the grain chemical characters and amino acid content were measured.[Results] Introduction of foreign gene Pi-d2 resulted in stably hereditable variation in agronomic characteristics in the descents.Most of the transgenic lines grew normally and orderly.Compared with the control（wild type plants）,about half of transgenic plants showed an increased or reduced plant height.There was no observable difference between transgenic plants and controls in tiller number,length of panicle,panicles per plant,seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight.Total amino acid content in transgenic rice was reduced,while the starch content,GC and GT were not altered in comparison with the control.[Conclusion] Introduction of foreign gene Pi-d2 has remarkable influence on plant height,while little on grain chemical characters.

产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌整合子分布研究

目的研究亚胺培南耐药肠杆菌耐药机制,分析整合子的分布情况及其在流行传播中的作用。方法收集临床分离的18株对亚胺培南耐药肠杆菌,用琼脂稀释法检测抗菌药物最低抑菌浓度(MIC);用PCR、DNA测序法检测KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶基因和整合酶基因,并分析整合子在耐药基因传播中的作用。结果 18株肠杆菌除对亚胺培南耐药外,对头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、氨苄西林等多药耐药,MIC值分别为128～2 048、8～512、64～2 048、16～2 048、64～4 096μg/mL;PCR、基因测序显示18株肠杆菌均产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶;18株菌均扩增出Ⅰ类整合酶基因,未检测出Ⅱ类整合酶基因,可变区中不存在kpc-2基因。结论本院分离的18株亚胺培南耐药肠杆菌均存在Ⅰ类整合酶基因,且kpc-2基因是引起这些细菌对亚胺培南耐药的主要原因。

Effects of Light and Temperature on the Expression of the Lhcb2 Gene in Pea

An approximately 800 bp cDNA ( Lhcb 2) encoding light_harvesting chlorophyll a/b_binding protein complex (type Ⅱ) was cloned from the seedling of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) with RT_PCR method. Southern blotting using special probe demonstrated that there existed one copy of Lhcb 2 in pea genome. RT_PCR and Northern blotting revealed the expression of Lhcb 2 which was regulated by light in a time_dependent expression manner. The Lhcb 2 gene didn't express untill 2 h after irradiated with white light. Low temperature (4 ℃) also affected the Lhcb 2 gene by decreasing half of its expression under 25 ℃.

弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌中质粒介导的KPC-2和NDM-1型碳青霉烯酶基因结构分析

目的对携带bla_(NDM-1)和bl_(aKPC-2)的弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌的碳青霉烯酶基因结构进行分析。方法收集4株耐碳青霉烯类药物弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌(CF-05、CF-17、CF-35、CF-43),琼脂稀释法测定抗菌药物敏感性;脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析细菌同源性;特异性PCR扩增和序列测定分析碳青霉烯酶耐药基因和ESBLs耐药基因、接合试验、耐药基因周围序列分析对菌株的耐药机制进行分子水平研究。结果 4株细菌仅CF-05对阿米卡星敏感,所有菌株对其他检测药物全部耐药;PFGE结果显示4株细菌不同源;特异性PCR扩增和序列分析显示2株(CF-35、CF-43)同时携带blaNDM-1和blaKPC-2、另2株(CF-05、CF-17)仅携带blaNDM-1,CF-35同时携带bla_(CTX-M-15);其中3株细菌(CF-05、CF-17、CF-43)接合成功,CF-05、CF-17接合子(CF-05-1和CF-17-1)携带bla_(NDM-1),CF-43获得2种接合子(CF-43-1携带bla_(KPC-2)、CF-43-2同时携带bla_(NDM-1)和bla_(KPC-2));分析blaNDM-1和blaKPC-2周围序列发现,4株细菌周围序列分别与国内报道携带bla_(NDM-1)和bla_(KPC-2)的肺炎克雷伯菌质粒pNDM-HN380和PK048周围序列高度相似。结论在4株弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌中检测到NDM-1型碳青霉烯酶,其中2株同时携带KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶,bla_(NDM-1)周围序列和bla_(KPC-2)周围序列与国内已知肺炎克雷伯菌相关耐药基因周围序列高度相似。

Analysis of Seed-specificity of Silencing fad_2 Gene Expression in Transgenic Rapeseed Line W-4(Brassica napus L.)

This study was to investigate the efficiency and specificity of RNAi silencing on the expression of endogenous fad2 gene in transgenic line W-4. [Method] The relative expression of fad2 gene in seeds at different developmental stages of 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after flowering （DAF） as wel as the root, stem, leaf at winter seedling stages of both the transgenic line W-4 and non-transgenic control Westar by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. [Results] The results showed the relative expression of fad2 gene was gradual y increasing with the days after flowering in the seeds of the control Westar, while it was found decreasing significantly since the 21st DAF in the seeds of the line W-4. The decline was up to 60% in comparison with the control Westar. However, no significant difference in the relative expression of fad2 gene in other organs like root, stem and leaf was observed between transgenic line W-4 and non-transgenic control Westar. Fatty acid composition analysis showed the oleic acid desaturation parameter（ODP） in seeds of the line W-4 was 0.07 in average, decreased by nearly 75% than control Westar which was 0.24 in average, while no significant difference in the seedling root, stem and leaf was measured between transgenic rapeseed and control. [Conclusion] The results above validated that RNA interference in transgenic rapeseed W-4 is at a seed-specific manner, not interfering with fad2 gene expression in organs such as the root, stem and leaf. The study also found that the period of fad2 gene expres-sion decline was wel coincided with the expression of napin gene, both appeared at the 21st DAF, indicating that the expression of dsRNA of fad2 gene is precisely control ed by the napin promoter.