Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were grown at photon flux densities (PFD) ranging from 60 to 670 μmol·m-2·s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 20.0°C to 24.0°C [...Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were grown at photon flux densities (PFD) ranging from 60 to 670 μmol·m-2·s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 20.0°C to 24.0°C [TEMP1]) and from 50 to 370μmol·m-2-s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 22.5°C to 26.5°C [TEMP2]). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse compartment at latitude 59° north in mid-winter. The daily photosynthetic active radiations (PAR) ranged from 4.3 to 48.2 and 3.6 to 26.6 mol·m-2·day-1 in the TEMP1 and TEMP2 treatments, respectively. Time until flowering in miniature roses decreased from about 50 to 35 days in the TEMP1 treatment and from 50 to 25 days in the TEMP2 treatment, when the PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1. In Kalanchoe time until flowering was decreased to the same extent (about 15 days) in both temperature treatments when PFD increased from 50 to 370 μmol·m-2·s-1. The number of flowers and the plant dry weight in miniature roses increased up to 300 – 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (21.6 - 28.8 mol·m-2 day-1 PAR), while flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weight in Kalanchoe increased up to 200 – 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 at TEMP1. Measurements of the diurnal carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) in daylight in small plant stands of roses in summertime showed that CER was saturated at about 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 370 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and at 400 – 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 800 μmol·mol-1 CO2. For Kalanchoe similar results were obtained. Increasing the CO2 concentration from 370 to 800 μmol·mol-1 increased the CER in roses (48%) as well in Kalanchoe (69%). It was concluded that 15 to 20 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 24°C air temperature and high CO2 concentration will give a very good growth with lot of flowers within a short production time in miniature roses. For Kalanchoe 10 to 15 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 20°C and high CO2 produced a similar result.展开更多
[目的]本文旨在分析花色测试常用工具——英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart,RHSCC)长期使用后的颜色变化情况,以及颜色变化在花色测定和花色性状品种分组上的影响。[方法]使用色差仪对新(未使用)和旧(使...[目的]本文旨在分析花色测试常用工具——英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart,RHSCC)长期使用后的颜色变化情况,以及颜色变化在花色测定和花色性状品种分组上的影响。[方法]使用色差仪对新(未使用)和旧(使用10年)的RHSCC进行颜色测定,并利用色差仪及新、旧2套RHSCC对150个长寿花品种进行花色测定和花色分组,分析比较3种测色分组结果的优劣。[结果]新、旧2套RHSCC在统计学水平上存在显著差异(P<0.001),差异大小与色块使用频率和装订孔距离成正相关;884个色块中除1个色块外,2套RHSCC色差值小于人眼可觉察的1.5个CIE LAB单位;2套RHSCC在长寿花花色测定上一致性为100%。另外,基于RHSCC和目测的品种分组存在边界不清,部分分组过大、过小或重叠等问题。基于CIE LAB和聚类分析的品种分组将150个品种划分为白、黄、橙、浅粉、粉、红和紫红7大色组,其品种花色分组的合理性在花色测定值L*a*b*三维色空间、a*b*二维坐标分布、箱线图、视觉图像中得以证实。[结论]新、旧2套RHSCC色卡间的颜色变化统计学差异在人眼可察觉范围外,不影响目测比色法的花色测定结果,但RHSCC目测比色的品种花色分组间存在重叠区间,不宜应用于严格的品种花色分组。展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Agricultural bank of Norway and the Norwegian Growers Association.
文摘Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were grown at photon flux densities (PFD) ranging from 60 to 670 μmol·m-2·s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 20.0°C to 24.0°C [TEMP1]) and from 50 to 370μmol·m-2-s-1 (associated with a temperature gradient from 22.5°C to 26.5°C [TEMP2]). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse compartment at latitude 59° north in mid-winter. The daily photosynthetic active radiations (PAR) ranged from 4.3 to 48.2 and 3.6 to 26.6 mol·m-2·day-1 in the TEMP1 and TEMP2 treatments, respectively. Time until flowering in miniature roses decreased from about 50 to 35 days in the TEMP1 treatment and from 50 to 25 days in the TEMP2 treatment, when the PFD increased from 50 to 370μmol·m-2·s-1. In Kalanchoe time until flowering was decreased to the same extent (about 15 days) in both temperature treatments when PFD increased from 50 to 370 μmol·m-2·s-1. The number of flowers and the plant dry weight in miniature roses increased up to 300 – 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (21.6 - 28.8 mol·m-2 day-1 PAR), while flower stem fresh weight and plant dry weight in Kalanchoe increased up to 200 – 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 at TEMP1. Measurements of the diurnal carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) in daylight in small plant stands of roses in summertime showed that CER was saturated at about 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 370 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and at 400 – 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD at 800 μmol·mol-1 CO2. For Kalanchoe similar results were obtained. Increasing the CO2 concentration from 370 to 800 μmol·mol-1 increased the CER in roses (48%) as well in Kalanchoe (69%). It was concluded that 15 to 20 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 24°C air temperature and high CO2 concentration will give a very good growth with lot of flowers within a short production time in miniature roses. For Kalanchoe 10 to 15 mol·m-2·day-1 combined with about 20°C and high CO2 produced a similar result.
文摘[目的]本文旨在分析花色测试常用工具——英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart,RHSCC)长期使用后的颜色变化情况,以及颜色变化在花色测定和花色性状品种分组上的影响。[方法]使用色差仪对新(未使用)和旧(使用10年)的RHSCC进行颜色测定,并利用色差仪及新、旧2套RHSCC对150个长寿花品种进行花色测定和花色分组,分析比较3种测色分组结果的优劣。[结果]新、旧2套RHSCC在统计学水平上存在显著差异(P<0.001),差异大小与色块使用频率和装订孔距离成正相关;884个色块中除1个色块外,2套RHSCC色差值小于人眼可觉察的1.5个CIE LAB单位;2套RHSCC在长寿花花色测定上一致性为100%。另外,基于RHSCC和目测的品种分组存在边界不清,部分分组过大、过小或重叠等问题。基于CIE LAB和聚类分析的品种分组将150个品种划分为白、黄、橙、浅粉、粉、红和紫红7大色组,其品种花色分组的合理性在花色测定值L*a*b*三维色空间、a*b*二维坐标分布、箱线图、视觉图像中得以证实。[结论]新、旧2套RHSCC色卡间的颜色变化统计学差异在人眼可察觉范围外,不影响目测比色法的花色测定结果,但RHSCC目测比色的品种花色分组间存在重叠区间,不宜应用于严格的品种花色分组。
