The Dong people are one of China’s 55 recognized ethnic minorities,but there has been a long-standing debate about their origins.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequencing of Kam Sweet Rice(KSR),a valuable,...The Dong people are one of China’s 55 recognized ethnic minorities,but there has been a long-standing debate about their origins.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequencing of Kam Sweet Rice(KSR),a valuable,rare,and ancient rice landrace unique to the Dong people.Through comparative genomic analyses of KSR and other rice landraces from south of the Yangtze River Basin in China,we provide evidence that the ancestors of the Dong people likely originated from the southeast coast of China at least 1000 years ago.Alien introgression and admixture in KSR demonstrated multiple migration events in the history of the Dong people.Genomic footprints of domestication demonstrated characteristics of KSR that arose from artificial selection and geographical adaptation by the Dong people.The key genes GS3,Hd1,and DPS1(related to agronomic traits)and LTG1 and MYBS3(related to cold tolerance)were identified as domestication targets,reflecting crop improvement and changes in the geographical environment of the Dong people during migration.A genome-wide association study revealed a candidate yield-associated gene,Os01g0923300,a specific haplotype in KSR that is important for regulating grain number per panicle.RNA-sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR results showed that this gene was more highly expressed in KSR than in ancestral populations,indicating that it may have great value in increasing yield potential in other rice accessions.In summary,our work develops a novel approach for studying human civilization and migration patterns and provides valuable genomic datasets and resources for future breeding of high-yield and climate-resilient rice varieties.展开更多
以317份贵州香禾糯种质资源为试验材料,10份籼稻材料为对照,采用1 K mGPS SNP芯片对供试材料的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析,在此基础上构建贵州香禾糯核心种质并进行评价。结果表明,1 K mGPS SNP芯片在317份香禾糯材料中共获得731个...以317份贵州香禾糯种质资源为试验材料,10份籼稻材料为对照,采用1 K mGPS SNP芯片对供试材料的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析,在此基础上构建贵州香禾糯核心种质并进行评价。结果表明,1 K mGPS SNP芯片在317份香禾糯材料中共获得731个良好多态性SNP位点,多态性标记比例为17.89%,最小等位基因频率为0.0505~0.5000,观测杂合度为0~0.6940,期望杂合度为0.0959~0.5000,多态性信息含量为0.0913~0.5736。基于IBS遗传距离的NJ聚类分析将327份水稻材料分为籼、粳两个亚群,其中317份贵州香禾糯划分为粳稻亚群。利用Core Hunter 3对香禾糯原种质设置5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%等6种抽样比例,遗传多样性参数的t检验表明,15%的抽样比例即可保持遗传多样性参数的最大化,同时剔除了许多冗余材料,最终确定47份香禾糯资源为构建的核心种质。展开更多
《生物多样性公约关于获取遗传资源和公正及公平分享其利用所产生惠益的名古屋议定书》(简称《名古屋议定书》)于2014年10月正式生效.而在此之前,中国民间已存在初步的获取与惠益分享(Access and Benefit-sharing, ABS)实践.本文以贵州...《生物多样性公约关于获取遗传资源和公正及公平分享其利用所产生惠益的名古屋议定书》(简称《名古屋议定书》)于2014年10月正式生效.而在此之前,中国民间已存在初步的获取与惠益分享(Access and Benefit-sharing, ABS)实践.本文以贵州省三都县水族马尾绣、云南省贡山县畜禽遗传资源和贵州省黎平县香禾糯3个民间实践为例,总结和分析了中国民族地区民间ABS的现状、内容和机制特点.结果表明:(1)水族马尾绣的惠益分享机制建设尚处于萌芽状态,惠益分享模式仍然十分模糊,缺乏惠益分享的基本原则和程序等;(2)贡山县畜禽遗传资源惠益分享制度建设处于起始阶段,建立了清晰的惠益分享模式并签订了合同,体现了一定的惠益分享理念;(3)黎平香禾糯惠益分享制度已经初步建立并取得成效,持有方—地方社区、使用方—企业、监管方—政府部门三方权责明确,各方基本利益得到维护.分析认为:(1)ABS利益相关方—持有方、使用方、监管方—的意识提高和能力建设对于ABS实践成败具有关键性作用;(2)监管方在ABS制度建设过程中发挥着决定性作用;(3)惠益分享模式设计合理是建立和完善ABS制度的基本保障.上述ABS民间实践与真正意义上的ABS制度尚有很大差距,需要进一步探索,但这些民间经验和民族智慧能够为建立遗传资源及相关传统知识获取与惠益分享国家制度提供参考借鉴.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1200500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901487)+2 种基金the CAAS Science and Technology Innovation Program,the Protective Program of Crop Germplasm of China(19200385-1)the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Germplasm Resource(19210859,19210860)the National Crop Germplasm Resources Center(NCGRC-2021-02).
文摘The Dong people are one of China’s 55 recognized ethnic minorities,but there has been a long-standing debate about their origins.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequencing of Kam Sweet Rice(KSR),a valuable,rare,and ancient rice landrace unique to the Dong people.Through comparative genomic analyses of KSR and other rice landraces from south of the Yangtze River Basin in China,we provide evidence that the ancestors of the Dong people likely originated from the southeast coast of China at least 1000 years ago.Alien introgression and admixture in KSR demonstrated multiple migration events in the history of the Dong people.Genomic footprints of domestication demonstrated characteristics of KSR that arose from artificial selection and geographical adaptation by the Dong people.The key genes GS3,Hd1,and DPS1(related to agronomic traits)and LTG1 and MYBS3(related to cold tolerance)were identified as domestication targets,reflecting crop improvement and changes in the geographical environment of the Dong people during migration.A genome-wide association study revealed a candidate yield-associated gene,Os01g0923300,a specific haplotype in KSR that is important for regulating grain number per panicle.RNA-sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR results showed that this gene was more highly expressed in KSR than in ancestral populations,indicating that it may have great value in increasing yield potential in other rice accessions.In summary,our work develops a novel approach for studying human civilization and migration patterns and provides valuable genomic datasets and resources for future breeding of high-yield and climate-resilient rice varieties.
文摘以317份贵州香禾糯种质资源为试验材料,10份籼稻材料为对照,采用1 K mGPS SNP芯片对供试材料的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析,在此基础上构建贵州香禾糯核心种质并进行评价。结果表明,1 K mGPS SNP芯片在317份香禾糯材料中共获得731个良好多态性SNP位点,多态性标记比例为17.89%,最小等位基因频率为0.0505~0.5000,观测杂合度为0~0.6940,期望杂合度为0.0959~0.5000,多态性信息含量为0.0913~0.5736。基于IBS遗传距离的NJ聚类分析将327份水稻材料分为籼、粳两个亚群,其中317份贵州香禾糯划分为粳稻亚群。利用Core Hunter 3对香禾糯原种质设置5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%等6种抽样比例,遗传多样性参数的t检验表明,15%的抽样比例即可保持遗传多样性参数的最大化,同时剔除了许多冗余材料,最终确定47份香禾糯资源为构建的核心种质。
文摘《生物多样性公约关于获取遗传资源和公正及公平分享其利用所产生惠益的名古屋议定书》(简称《名古屋议定书》)于2014年10月正式生效.而在此之前,中国民间已存在初步的获取与惠益分享(Access and Benefit-sharing, ABS)实践.本文以贵州省三都县水族马尾绣、云南省贡山县畜禽遗传资源和贵州省黎平县香禾糯3个民间实践为例,总结和分析了中国民族地区民间ABS的现状、内容和机制特点.结果表明:(1)水族马尾绣的惠益分享机制建设尚处于萌芽状态,惠益分享模式仍然十分模糊,缺乏惠益分享的基本原则和程序等;(2)贡山县畜禽遗传资源惠益分享制度建设处于起始阶段,建立了清晰的惠益分享模式并签订了合同,体现了一定的惠益分享理念;(3)黎平香禾糯惠益分享制度已经初步建立并取得成效,持有方—地方社区、使用方—企业、监管方—政府部门三方权责明确,各方基本利益得到维护.分析认为:(1)ABS利益相关方—持有方、使用方、监管方—的意识提高和能力建设对于ABS实践成败具有关键性作用;(2)监管方在ABS制度建设过程中发挥着决定性作用;(3)惠益分享模式设计合理是建立和完善ABS制度的基本保障.上述ABS民间实践与真正意义上的ABS制度尚有很大差距,需要进一步探索,但这些民间经验和民族智慧能够为建立遗传资源及相关传统知识获取与惠益分享国家制度提供参考借鉴.
