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Tess' s Losing of Virginity in Kant's Eyes
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作者 向家佳 和芝兰 《海外英语》 2015年第6期198-199,共2页
Tess is a pure girl in Hardy's eyes, as it shows in the book's subtitle. She is sinned in Victorian's time, however, she is still pure in Kant's eyes.Key words: Tesss purity;
关键词 Tess s PURITY kant
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康德道德义务论批判与新时代道德共同体建设
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作者 曹胜亮 杨怡然 《湖北第二师范学院学报》 2024年第1期31-37,共7页
康德在《道德形而上学原理》中,以道德动机为基点批判幸福主义伦理学,引出了“善良意志”“道德命令”“意志自律”等概念,构筑起以德性论为核心的道德义务论体系。康德道德义务论的理论贡献及其主观性、形式性、抽象性理论局限与困境,... 康德在《道德形而上学原理》中,以道德动机为基点批判幸福主义伦理学,引出了“善良意志”“道德命令”“意志自律”等概念,构筑起以德性论为核心的道德义务论体系。康德道德义务论的理论贡献及其主观性、形式性、抽象性理论局限与困境,只有运用马克思主义立场观点和方法对之进行批判改造才能得到真正的理解、克服与解决。对康德道德义务论的批判改造对新时代中国特色社会主义道德建设具有积极意义,为我们重塑人的道德社会性本质、强化道德理念与实践的统一、发掘新型生态伦理的现实路径以及构建人类道德共同体提供思想启示。 展开更多
关键词 康德 道德义务论 马克思主义 道德共同体建设
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Georg Cantor’s Ordinals, Absolute Infinity&Transparent Proof of the Well-Ordering Theorem Cantor’s 1899 Letter to Dedekind
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作者 Hermann G.W.Burchard 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2019年第8期435-444,共10页
Georg Cantor’s absolute infinity, the paradoxical class Ω of all ordinals, a non-entity for which being called a “class” is an undeserved dignity, must be the ultimate vexation for mathematical philosophers who ho... Georg Cantor’s absolute infinity, the paradoxical class Ω of all ordinals, a non-entity for which being called a “class” is an undeserved dignity, must be the ultimate vexation for mathematical philosophers who hold on to some residual realism in set theory. By careful use of Ω, we can rescue Georg Cantor’s 1899 “proof” sketch of the Well-Ordering Theorem (being generous, considering his declining health) by taking the contrapositive of his suggestion and adding Zermelo’s choice function, resulting in a concise and uncomplicated proof of the Well-Ordering Theorem. 展开更多
关键词 WELL ORDERING THEOREM Burali-Forti’s PARADOX kant’s Oneness Function
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Undiagnosed Medical Causation—Psychosomatic Etiology
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作者 Hermann G.W.Burchard 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2020年第4期229-232,共4页
Conscious existence is the product of a neural brain mechanism,which is largely identical with Immanuel Kant’s Oneness Function,a service performed by 200 million neurons in the prefrontal lobe,&makes possible ou... Conscious existence is the product of a neural brain mechanism,which is largely identical with Immanuel Kant’s Oneness Function,a service performed by 200 million neurons in the prefrontal lobe,&makes possible our interior cosmos,the record of our interconnected,or general,experience.Essential for us humans is the well-being of our interior cosmos,or Saint Teresa of Avila’s interior castle,in all interactions with each other&the greater environment.Any disorders of our cosmos are liable to make us fall ill,setting our existence on a path of psychosomatic etiology of a large class of mysterious undiagnosed diseases. 展开更多
关键词 kant’s inner&outer sENsEs orderly INNER self&chaotic outer environment brain LATERALITY interior cosmos METAPHYsICAL gap
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Conceptions of Intuition in Poincar6's Philosophy of Mathematics
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作者 Olga Pombo 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2012年第6期384-397,共14页
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the identification and characterization of the various types of intuition put forward by Poincar6, taking his texts as a laboratory for looking for what intuition might be. I ... The aim of this paper is to contribute to the identification and characterization of the various types of intuition put forward by Poincar6, taking his texts as a laboratory for looking for what intuition might be. I will stress that these diverse conceptions are mainly formulated in the context of Poincar6's controversies in opposition to logicism, to formalism, and in the context of Poincar6's very peculiar conventionalism. I will try to demonstrate that, in each case, Poincar~ comes close to a specific tradition (Kant, of course, but also Leibniz and Peirce). 展开更多
关键词 Poincar6 INTUITION Poincar6's philosophy of mathematics LOGICIsM FORMALIsM conventionalism kant LEIBNIZ PEIRCE
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Science Meets Philosophy:Metaphysical Gap&Bilateral Brain
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作者 Hermann G.W.Burchard 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2020年第10期599-614,共16页
The essay brings a summation of human efforts seeking to understand our existence.Plato and Kant&cognitive science complete reduction of philosophy to a neural mechanism,evolved along elementary Darwinian principl... The essay brings a summation of human efforts seeking to understand our existence.Plato and Kant&cognitive science complete reduction of philosophy to a neural mechanism,evolved along elementary Darwinian principles.Plato in his famous Cave Allegory explains that between reality and our experience of it there exists a great chasm,a metaphysical gap,fully confirmed through particle-wave duality of quantum physics.Kant found that we have two kinds of perception,two senses:By the spatial outer sense we perceive phenomena,objects in space.Our temporal inner sense lets us perceive our inner state,noumena.Kant’s two senses are fully confirmed through bilateral brain duality of cognitive science.The bilateral brain serves inner,temporal sense,logic&noumena in the left hemisphere.The right brain half is for the outer,spatial sense,geometry&phenomena.Weform awhole system,a bilateral interior cosmos,a kind of world model,expressing what may lie beyond the metaphysical gap.In the right brain we build a phenomenal cosmos,to resemble the outer environment.In the brain’s left hemisphere a noumenal cosmos,amodel of our private world including Saint Teresa of Avila’s castillo interior.The cosmos is regularly updated with novel sense data integrated into our memory banks.This was recognized early by Helmholtz(1860s).Our lives,health&well-being depend on us keeping our interior cosmos in good order.This used to be seen as saving one’s precious soul from perdition.While we endeavour to keep our phenomenal cosmos neat&orderly by protecting the environment from harm,our noumenal cosmos to be livable requires us to engage in ethical conduct.This bilateral cosmos is responsible for our common sense judgment power,that we depend on for being able to lead a good&benign life.The 200 million neurons of BA10 in the prefrontal lobe have global access to the interior cosmos,&apply massive feedback to identify environmental conditions rapidly.The global access also gives conscious presence of the individual to itself,all that is present in the interior cosmos,for total freedom of action.In the left brain private ego,we are guarded by faith in divine mercy,&guided to choose the best course of action,able to survive under themost adverse conditions.For this,wereceive directions from the Holy Ghost in Saint Teresa’s castillo interior. 展开更多
关键词 kant’s inner&outer senses orderly inner self&chaotic outer environment brain laterality interior cosmos metaphysical gap
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普遍主义还是特殊主义?——康德人类学的疑难 被引量:2
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作者 毛竹 《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 2023年第5期14-26,共13页
长期以来,康德一直被描绘成一位纯粹的道德哲学家,平等主义、普遍主义以及世界主义构想是康德哲学最为难以撼动的成就与结论之一。但是读者在康德哲学中也发现了诸多关于非白人种族的激烈且贬损性的评论,这些评论散见于康德不同时期关... 长期以来,康德一直被描绘成一位纯粹的道德哲学家,平等主义、普遍主义以及世界主义构想是康德哲学最为难以撼动的成就与结论之一。但是读者在康德哲学中也发现了诸多关于非白人种族的激烈且贬损性的评论,这些评论散见于康德不同时期关于人类学和自然地理学的著作和讲稿之中。这种鲜明的反差在某种意义上揭示出了康德的种族理论与其提倡的普遍主义、平等主义及其世界主义构想之间难以解决的矛盾。本文追溯了康德散见于各个文本种关于非白人种族的贬损性评论以及康德的文本关于人种划分的胚芽和自然禀赋理论,梳理了讨论康德种族问题的文献脉络,尤其是吉米·雅布的终结性讨论,以期揭示康德人类学的疑难。 展开更多
关键词 康德的种族理论 康德的普遍主义 胚芽 自然禀赋 人种
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Common Sense Empirical Climate Science:No Carbon Climate Crisis at Current Trace Levels
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作者 Hermann G.W.Burchard 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2021年第3期222-231,共10页
Climate science deals with the harsh reality of 174,000 terawatt of solar energy striking Earth’s surface&air,minus 29 percent albedo.The exposure is sustained by the planet cooling itself by means of EM radiatio... Climate science deals with the harsh reality of 174,000 terawatt of solar energy striking Earth’s surface&air,minus 29 percent albedo.The exposure is sustained by the planet cooling itself by means of EM radiation emitted to outer space of a like amount of energy in the infrared range.The balance may not be perfect at all times,but miraculously we are still around&attempting to comprehend the physical processes involved in keeping the planet’s surface suitable to sustain biological life&human civilization.While ground temperature is maintained at a pleasant avg 288 kelvin=15℃by the atmospheric greenhouse effect,a surprising 255 kelvin satisfies the demand for radiative cooling.This just happens to be standard air temperature at 5,000 m altitude.Official climate science largely is concerned with models&has assigned a major role to carbon molecules in air.As these exist currently only at mere trace levels,they are widely considered to be irrelevant for climate in view of the Mass-Action Law that implies that trace components can have only trace effects.Denying this simple fact,familiar to meteorologists,unfortunately has led to much of the civilized public being misled by climate scientists.One of the themes among their rhetoric is calling for renewable energy sources,when in reality unlimited amounts of hydrogen&hydrocarbons are dissolved in the Earth’s mantle,going back to the primitive solar nebula that gave rise to our solar system,&available for human consumption through fracking.Here in this philosophical essay,we are offering simple empirical proofs,examples from everday life,as opposed to the largely theoretical modeling work of climate science,for the fact that atmospheric carbon molecules can have only trace effects on radiative planetary cooling,proofs that are easy to verify.We dispute unrealistic estimates of important effects on climate from carbon dioxide trace gas via an atmospheric feedback mechanism proposed by some climate scientists.The essay demonstrates that atmospheric carbon molecules are irrelevant for climate at this epoch.Humanity is not facing a carbon climate crisis,currently. 展开更多
关键词 kant’s inner&outer senses orderly inner self&chaotic outer environment brain laterality double Ego bilateral interior cosmos metaphysical gap climate&radiative cooling stefan-Boltzmann Law CO_(2) CH_(4) water vapor shielding by greenhouse gases
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Moral&Intellectual Life of the West II Summary Outline of Christianity in the Modern World for Devout Christians and Skeptics
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作者 Hermann G.W.Burchard 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2021年第6期417-442,共26页
All human beings are born from divine mercy drawing man out of unfathomable reality’s chaotic depth into the divine realm’s peaceable light.The modern sense of justice,of fair government,depends on the teachings of ... All human beings are born from divine mercy drawing man out of unfathomable reality’s chaotic depth into the divine realm’s peaceable light.The modern sense of justice,of fair government,depends on the teachings of Jesus to which all citizens must subscribe.This is not a mere ecclesiastic doctrine but an empirically proven fact.The imperfections of a finite albeit adaptable,very large computing system,which our brain appears to be,require us to be open to the infinite beyond,its recondite wisdom,for divinity to grant us a moral life&to come to our help.Jesus puts the individual human being center stage for the first time in history.The story of abounding divine mercy:Every day we humans struggle with the difficult moral law but Jesus taught us what matters most is our soul,St.Paul’s inner man,a biological function of our left brain.Relying upon the faith of the apostles,the Council of Chalcedon(AD 451)in its Confession affirmed that Jesus was an actual person in his substance,possessing two natures,human&divine.This widely has been interpreted to apply to all mankind,the soul of each human being,the inner man,is potentially divine.Forming a practical metaphysics for devout christians&skeptics:Metaphysics is needed for the purpose of undergirding faith.Origins of humanity in the deep structures of reality:Science appears to be opposite to our human spiritual existence&requires us to search for ourselves in the realm of the logos,that can serve as our guide,being one of the names of the Christ.Jesus was deeply influenced by the gifts of the Magi,brought to him from an Armenian revival during his age,source of charismatic theology,basic concepts&historical architecture.Survival by faith in the everyday human communal world:We must have a secure grasp of the Faith,its basics,memorized or divine help won’t come.Be a lifelong winner based upon your own inner man:The essential help from divinity,in our need,is granting us a moral life.Become a lifelong winner based upon your own inner man or woman.What it takes is a willing heart,a sudden inspiration.Version 1.Piety:To be aware of our marginal competence,nobody is born as a genetic loser.Version 2.Humility:To be ready for divine help,able to receive it,we need to take a step back.Version 3.Metanoia,the Ninety Degree Turn:Repentance,betterment is the beginning of faith for all of us.Miracles can&do happen,the down-&-out guide to happiness:Constant prayer is the effective remedy for a soul that has gone lost in the temptations of the human tribal world. 展开更多
关键词 potentially divine human soul its permanence and human existence inner man kant’s inner&outer senses orderly inner self&chaotic outer environment brain laterality double Ego noumenal&phenomenal bilateral interior cosmos metaphysical gap divine mercy
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康德义务理论视域下我国尊严死的生命伦理价值研究
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作者 董育圆 曲巍 《锦州医科大学学报(社会科学版)》 2023年第2期26-30,35,共6页
尊严死的普及、发展与其生命伦理价值有着密切的联系。临终患者对尊严和生命权正确、科学的理解是尊严死发展之根本。文章从生命伦理学的角度出发,以康德义务理论为依据,分析尊严死在我国的困境,为尊严死的生命伦理价值辩护,深入剖析尊... 尊严死的普及、发展与其生命伦理价值有着密切的联系。临终患者对尊严和生命权正确、科学的理解是尊严死发展之根本。文章从生命伦理学的角度出发,以康德义务理论为依据,分析尊严死在我国的困境,为尊严死的生命伦理价值辩护,深入剖析尊严死的现实意义。旨在引导临终患者理性、客观地对待死亡,树立正确的死亡观念。同时为临终患者提供可靠的尊严庇护,以改善患者的晚期生命质量,维护患者的生命权益,为我国尊严死事业的发展奠定坚实的基础。 展开更多
关键词 尊严死 生命伦理 康德义务论
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俄国形式主义的文学本质论及其美学基础 被引量:8
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作者 陈本益 《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2003年第6期95-100,共6页
俄国形式主义的“纯形式”文学本质论基于康德美学。但这种“纯形式”概念是依据感觉(“陌生化”感觉 )经验来确定的 ,因而剥离了康德美学“形式”概念中的主体性意蕴。
关键词 俄国形式主义 文学本质论 康德美学 经验主义美学
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黑尔对功利主义和义务论的统一 被引量:1
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作者 吴映平 《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2010年第5期108-113,共6页
在黑尔看来,从普遍规定主义出发,传统功利主义与康德义务论伦理学并非人们通常所认为的那样水火不容。一方面,不必过多地关注那些少见的、不重复发生的特殊情况,而依据道德直觉原则或康德义务论行动;另一方面,在一些确属特殊的情况下,... 在黑尔看来,从普遍规定主义出发,传统功利主义与康德义务论伦理学并非人们通常所认为的那样水火不容。一方面,不必过多地关注那些少见的、不重复发生的特殊情况,而依据道德直觉原则或康德义务论行动;另一方面,在一些确属特殊的情况下,可以根据批判思维灵活地具体问题具体处理,而根据功利主义原则去行动,这就是康德主义的功利主义的态度。 展开更多
关键词 黑尔 康德义务论 功利主义 结合 罗尔斯
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康德崇高思想的时间性内涵及其现代意义 被引量:2
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作者 刘凯 《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2014年第2期21-25,共5页
崇高是西方美学的一个重要范畴。康德《判断力批判》中对崇高的分析立足于古希腊以来的美学传统,显现出独特的时间性内涵;崇高的时间不是经验线性的,而是不断地从作为目的的未来回复到当下,又不断地以使命的方式提示着当下的开放性和未... 崇高是西方美学的一个重要范畴。康德《判断力批判》中对崇高的分析立足于古希腊以来的美学传统,显现出独特的时间性内涵;崇高的时间不是经验线性的,而是不断地从作为目的的未来回复到当下,又不断地以使命的方式提示着当下的开放性和未完成性,从而体现出超越时间的、更为本源的时间性内涵。对康德崇高思想时间性内涵的探讨可以进一步凸显当代美学与康德美学之间的内在联系,对理解当代美学及审美时间性问题具有重要意义。 展开更多
关键词 康德美学 崇高 时间性
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目的论自然与康德美学中的先验转向 被引量:2
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作者 胡友峰 《西北师大学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2011年第1期26-33,共8页
目的论自然在康德美学中至关重要,它一方面保证了康德有机整体自然观念建构的完成,更重要的是它保证了康德鉴赏判断的实现。它是康德美学从经验美学走向先验美学的契机所在,同时也是理解审美判断力和目的论判断力关系的关键所在。
关键词 目的论自然 康德美学 先验转向
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试析康德伦理学的后果论特征 被引量:1
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作者 龙倩 《北华大学学报(社会科学版)》 2015年第3期109-112,共4页
由于强调善良意志、责任及准则的价值,学界普遍认为康德是一个绝对的义务论者。但从人的行为完整性与人的完善性来看,康德均无法抗拒对后果主义思维方式的诉求。其后果论特征则主要体现在康德对于四种责任及可普遍化原则的论证之中。
关键词 康德 后果论 义务论
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知识与信仰的对立与融通 被引量:1
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作者 谷生然 马甜甜 《西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2016年第6期67-71,共5页
不少学者受到康德哲学截然区分知识与信仰的影响,认为信仰不是科学、哲学研究的对象,这种观点值得商榷。本文分析了知识与信仰的对立与融通。首先,知识与信仰对立的观点主要渊源于康德的理性批判理论。康德肯定科学真理的有效性,把上帝... 不少学者受到康德哲学截然区分知识与信仰的影响,认为信仰不是科学、哲学研究的对象,这种观点值得商榷。本文分析了知识与信仰的对立与融通。首先,知识与信仰对立的观点主要渊源于康德的理性批判理论。康德肯定科学真理的有效性,把上帝视为人自身的一种"悬设",为科学完全摆脱神学的束缚创造了条件。其次,结合黑格尔运用辩证法对康德哲学的批判,分析了把知识与信仰对立的观点存在的局限。最后,从基本内涵上看,信仰不等于知识,而是以知识为基础的、人对世界的"整体立义"。 展开更多
关键词 知识 信仰 康德理性批判理论 黑格尔辩证法
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论阿多诺与康德美学之关系 被引量:2
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作者 刘小新 《华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2002年第2期104-110,共7页
本文主要分析阿多诺对康德美学的具体消解 ,认为阿多诺从康德的传统范畴和命题中释放出新的真理性内容 。
关键词 阿多诺 康德美学 矛盾修辞 形式 崇高 历史的转义
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再论王国维的“古雅说”与中西诗学传统——兼同罗钢先生商榷 被引量:1
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作者 郑玉明 《浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版)》 2009年第3期253-257,275,共6页
王国维的"古雅说"受到来自于中西诗学传统两方面的影响:西方是康德、叔本华的美学、艺术理论,中国是古代诗论"重质轻文"的理论传统以及南宋以来词"尚雅"的审美传统。其中康德对鉴赏力与天才的关系的论述... 王国维的"古雅说"受到来自于中西诗学传统两方面的影响:西方是康德、叔本华的美学、艺术理论,中国是古代诗论"重质轻文"的理论传统以及南宋以来词"尚雅"的审美传统。其中康德对鉴赏力与天才的关系的论述是王国维"古雅说"的理论基础,而客观地认识南宋以来"尚雅"的审美传统给予词史的不利影响,从而补偏救弊,推动词创作的发展,是王国维提出"古雅说"的目的所在。王国维词学研究中的本土问题意识及其理论创新,使其"古雅说"不能被看作是对西方美学理论的片面认同。 展开更多
关键词 王国维 古雅说 天才说 康德美学
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康德批判视野下的功利主义
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作者 郁乐 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2009年第5期44-48,共5页
康德以道德法则为基础的义务论的所提供的批判视野,分析了功利主义理论的思想脉络及其理论困境,以及功利主义对其义务论的批评。以此为基础,进而可以全面深入地分析了康德是如何看待功利问题的。功利主义对康德的批评建立在对形式主义... 康德以道德法则为基础的义务论的所提供的批判视野,分析了功利主义理论的思想脉络及其理论困境,以及功利主义对其义务论的批评。以此为基础,进而可以全面深入地分析了康德是如何看待功利问题的。功利主义对康德的批评建立在对形式主义的道德法则之狭隘化的理解之上;康德对功利问题有着全面而恰当的考虑,从康德道德哲学的批判视野出发,功利主义也可以具有恰当的地位与重要的价值;另外,康德的批判视野对于处理全球化时代的多元文化与价值问题提供了深刻的洞见。 展开更多
关键词 康德 义务论 功利主义 批判视野
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义务·建构·理性——罗尔斯与康德政治伦理观之比较
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作者 李志江 《河北学刊》 CSSCI 2004年第3期62-66,共5页
罗尔斯深受康德的影响,他曾把自己的理论称为关于正义的一个"康德主义的解释"。但是,他对来自康德的许多概念、方法和思想进行了限制或新的解释。这导致他的理论既有一副与康德相似的面孔,又有许多内在的差别。他们都主张义务... 罗尔斯深受康德的影响,他曾把自己的理论称为关于正义的一个"康德主义的解释"。但是,他对来自康德的许多概念、方法和思想进行了限制或新的解释。这导致他的理论既有一副与康德相似的面孔,又有许多内在的差别。他们都主张义务论,但康德主张理性义务论,罗尔斯主张契约义务论;他们都使用建构主义方法,但康德建构的是普遍的道德原则,罗尔斯建构的是政治正义原则;两个人都有"理性"设准,但康德认合理性为一元的,罗尔斯认合理性为多元的。 展开更多
关键词 康德 罗尔斯 义务论 建构主义 合理多元论
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