Development of a combined approach for improvement and optimization of karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm

This paper described the production of karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology （RSM） and genetic algorithm （GA）. The optimum combination of reaction variables were analyzed for maximizing the biodiesel yield. The yield obtained by the RSM was 65% whereas the predicted value was 70%. The mathematical regression model proposed from the RSM was coupled with the GA. By using this technique, 90% of the yield was obtained at a molar ratio of 38, a reaction time of 8 hours, a reaction temperature of 40 ℃, a catalyst concentration of 2% oil, and a mixing speed of 707 r/min. The yield produced was closer to the predicted value of 94.2093%. Hence, 25% of the improvement in the biodiesel yield was reported. Moreover the different properties of karanja biodiesel were found closer to the American Society for Testing ＆ Materials （ASTM） standard of biodiesel.

Performance analysis of karanja and kusum oils as alternative bio-diesel fuel in diesel engine

Scarcity of conventional petroleum resources has promoted research in alternative fuels for internal combustion engines.Among various possible options,fuels derived from triglycerides(vegetable oils/animal fats)are promising for the substitution of fossil diesel fuel.Vegetable oils poses some characteristics like durability,high viscosity and low volatility compared to mineral diesel fuel.In the present work,experiments were designed to study the effect of reducing kusum and karanja oil’s viscosity by preheating the fuel,using a shell and tube heat exchanger.The acquired engine data were analyzed for various parameters such as brake thermal efficiency,brake specific energy consumption(BSEC),emission of exhaust gases like CO,CO_(2),HC and NO_(x).In operation,the engine performance with kusum and karanja oil(preheated),was found to be very close to that of diesel.The preheated oil's performances were found to be slightly inferior in efficiency due to low heating value.The performance of karanja oil was found better than kusum oil in all respects.

Detailed study on the effect of different ignition enhancers in the binary blends of diesel/biodiesel as a possible substitute for unaltered compression ignition engine

This study examines the impact of the oxygenated additives namely DTBP(Di-Tetra-Butyl-Phenol) and 1-Pentadecanol(1-DEC) on emissions,combustion and performance patterns of Karanja biodiesel/diesel blends.Two additives were selected as ignition improver owing to their improved physicochemical properties.The additives were mixed at 10% volume with the equal blends of diesel and biodiesel.Experimental results revealed that by adding additives and biodiesel to diesel found no phase separation.HRR and peak pressure were highest for diesel and least for KBD/D blends.However,blending the additives enhanced its HRR and peak pressure.Addition of additives lowered the harmful emissions significantly with a slight increase in NO emissions to the KBD/D blends.In addition,a noteworthy increase in performance aspects was observed for KBD/D blends by adding DTBP and 1-Pentadecanol.

水黄皮籽油的性能及其在化妆品中的应用

研究了水黄皮籽油的理化性质与抗氧化性;测试了含水黄皮籽油护肤品的防晒性能、理化性质;通过体外模型模拟测试水黄皮籽油对皮肤的保湿性能。结果表明:与2种化学防晒剂甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯和聚硅氧烷-15相比,水黄皮籽油具有高铺展性和低渗透性;随着水黄皮籽油质量浓度的增大,DPPH自由基的清除率增大,水黄皮籽油质量浓度6 g/L时,DPPH自由基的清除率为22.10%;3%杜仲绿原酸、3%阿魏酸与水黄皮籽油的复配体系,随着水黄皮籽油在配方中质量分数的增加,防晒霜的防晒性能提升,水黄皮籽油质量分数为7.5%时,防晒霜的SPF(防晒化妆品防晒指数)为16.0±0.90,PFA0(防晒化妆品长波紫外线防护指数)为7.6±0.70;在相对湿度为34%和变色硅胶条件下,加入6.76%水黄皮籽油的保湿霜表现出一定的保湿性能,可减少皮肤表面水分的蒸发。