Buffon’s Needle Algorithm to Estimate π

Buffon’s needle experiment was originally devised to get the value of π. With the advent of computers, Buffon’s needle algorithm has been used pedagogically as an example of Monte Carlo methods in introduction classes, and there are many Buffon’s needle algorithm implementations available on the internet. However, for the calculation of π, the exact value of π is used in the programs for Buffon’s needle angle sampling, and hence the example is not demonstrated correctly. This brief note presents a random angle sampling algorithm for the Buffon’s needle. We then compare the Buffon’s needle and Hit-and-Miss integration algorithms using Monte Carlo laboriousness comparison, and find that the Hit-and-Miss algorithm is superior.

Effect of Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on flash visual evoked potentials in rats with traumatic optic neuropathy

Objective:To investigate the effect of Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on the N2-P2 wave of the flash visual evoked potential(FVEP)in rats of the of the transverse directional pulling model.Methods:Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly grouped,nine were in normal control group without any treatment,and the remaining 27 were surgically modelled in the right eyes.Eighteen of these rats were randomly divided into a Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group and a model group of nine rats each after the TON model was made using the transverse quantitative retraction method.The other 9 rats were sham-operated,and only the optic nerve was exposed without retraction.On the next day of modelling,the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was treated with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy for 20 minutes/1 time/1 day for 14 days.The model group,sham-operated group and normal control group were not intervened.Wei's triple nine acupoints were represented as follows:1st link:"Jingming"(BL1)and"Chengqi"(ST1);2nd link:"Sizhukong"(SJ23)penetrating"Taiyang"(EX-HN5);and the third:"Fengchi"(GB 20)and"Taichong"(LV3).The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.Results:Compared with the model group,the N2 wave latency and P2 wave latency were shortened in the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on 1d(P<0.05,P<0.01);on 7d,their N2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.01)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased compared with the model group(P<0.05);on 14d,their P2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.05)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased.There was no statistical difference in N2 wave latency,P2 wave latency and N2-P2 wave amplitude in the sham-operated group on 1d,7d and 14d(P>0.05).The delayed N2 and P2 wave latencies in the model group did not improve from 1d to 14d(P>0.05)and the amplitude decreased throughout,showing a significant difference on 14d compared to 1d(P<0.05).In contrast,the N2 wave latency in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was not significantly different until 7d to 14d(P<0.05);its P2 wave latency,although significantly delayed from 1d to 7d(P<0.05),recovered on 14d and reached a level that was not statistically different from 1d and 7d(P>0.05).There was also no significant decrease in N2-P2 wave amplitude between 1d and 14d in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group(P>0.05).Conclusion:In this experiment,the TON rat model was successfully established by the transverse quantitative retraction method,and the treatment of TON rats with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy reduced the P2 wave delay of the FVEP electrophysiological signal and increased the N2-P2 amplitude,which had a certain positive effect on the repair of optic nerve injury,probably related to its effect of improving the conduction function of the optic nerve and protecting the retinal ganglion cells that had not been degenerated and necrosed.

Differential Insertion Depths of Filiform Needle, Concept and Application

In this paper, the background, evolution, basic meaning, clinical application and the detail operating procedures of the differential insertion depth in filiform needle acupuncture were discussed based on the classical expositions of the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine. It is believed that the differential insertion depth reflects the basic idea of expelling the evil Qi from the body in the application of traditional acupuncture. Since the site of evil invasion has different shades, the position of evil Qi and correct differentiation has become the operation key points of needle insertion. Apart from this, the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has further associated the clinical application of filiform needle insertion depth with the seasonal change of Yin and Yang, the body built of the patients, the nature of the diseases, the heat or cold pathogenic factors of the illness, the excess and deficiency of the patient, and the reinforcing and reducing function of acupuncture. These elaborations have greatly enriched the basic content of acupuncture and laid a systematic theoretical foundation of filiform needle operation. The differential insertion depth in acupuncture has its specific meaning, the emphasis of insertion depth of filiform needle with its differentiated clinical implication exemplifies the perceptual thinking features of traditional acupuncture and typical reveals the uniqueness of Chinese civilization.

Automated Detection and Quantification of Prostate Cancer in Needle Biopsies by Digital Image Analysis

Introduction: Triple immunohistochemical (IHC) stains including antibodies specific for alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase and basal cell markers have been a valuable aid in accurate identification of prostate carcinoma. However, accurate quantification of minuscule areas of prostate carcinoma in biopsy specimens can often be a challenge. Here we assessed the diagnostic value and quantitative use of automated digital image analysis on triple IHC stained prostate needle biopsies. Methods: Twelve cases of prostate needle biopsy material including 75 needle cores were stained with triple-antibody cocktail (P504S + 34βE12 + p63). Slides were digitally scanned with the APERIO digital image analyzer and evaluated with the GENIE pattern and color recognition digital image analysis that we developed. A slide with known areas of adenocarcinoma, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign glands and stroma was used as a training set for the automated digital image analysis platform. Results: Among 75 needle biopsy cores, 19 (25.33%) contained adenocarcinoma by histology. Digital image analysis recognized adenocarcinoma in 95% of these needle biopsies. The average area of the needle biopsy was 7.63 mm2 and overall the average area of tumor was 0.196 mm2. The smallest area of tumor recognized by the program was 0.0022 mm2 (0.0363% of the core) and the largest was 0.62 mm2 (8.17% of the core) among needle core biopsies. False positives resulted from areas of high grade PIN with patchy basal cells. The false negative was caused by uneven AMACR staining in one area of adenocarcinoma. Digital recognition of areas of interest was improved by three successive image analysis training which increased the sensitivity and specificity from 83% and 89% to 90% and 93%, respectively. Conclusions: Digital image analysis in concert with IHC triple staining may be useful for accurate detection and quantitative analysis of small foci of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Defining methods to increase the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative automated digital image analysis will likely evolve as an area of investigation. Future automated digital scanning and innovative pattern and color recognition technologies may open avenues for classifying a variety of prostate lesions.

Correlation of S100A13 and FOXA1 expression with cell cycle and cell invasion in fine needle aspiration thyroid carcinoma tissue

Objective: To study the correlation of S100A13 and FOXA1 expression with cell cycle and cell invasion in fine needle aspiration thyroid carcinoma tissue. Methods: Patients who received ultrasound-guided thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration in Haiyang People's Hospital between April 2015 and February 2017 were selected, and the tissues were divided into malignant thyroid tissue and benign thyroid nodules according to the pathological results after biopsy. The expression of S100A13, FOXA1, cell cycle molecules and cell invasion molecules were measured. Results: S100A13, FOXA1, CDK2, CyclinD1, MCM2, MCM7, SKP2, CLOCK, STAT3, STAT5, N-cadherin, MT1-MMP and ADAM17 mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in benign thyroid nodule;CDK2, CyclinD1, MCM2, MCM7, SKP2 and CLOCK mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma tissue with high FOXA1 expression were significantly higher than those in thyroid carcinoma tissue with low FOXA1 expression;STAT3, STAT5, N-cadherin, MT1-MMP and ADAM17 mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma tissue with high S100A13 expression were significantly higher than those in thyroid cancer tissue with low S100A13 expression. Conclusions: High expression of S100A13 and FOXA1 in thyroid carcinoma can promote cell invasion and cell cycle progression.

“S”形固定法在行静脉留置针患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨“S”形固定法在行静脉留置针患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年1—12月于锦州医科大学附属第一医院行静脉留置针的患者80例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规固定方式,观察组采用“S”形固定法。比较两组疼痛程度、手臂活动自由度、皮肤红肿发生率、皮肤红肿严重度。结果:固定后即刻,两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);固定后6 h、12 h、24 h,两组VAS评分低于固定后即刻,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组手臂最大弯曲角度和伸展角度均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组皮肤红肿发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组发生皮肤红肿的患者红肿严重度评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:“S”形固定法在行静脉留置针患者中的应用效果较好,能够减轻患者疼痛,改善手臂活动度,减少及减轻皮肤红肿。

靳氏舌三针联合Schuell刺激法治疗脑卒中后Broca失语临床研究

目的观察靳氏舌三针联合Schuell刺激法治疗脑卒中后Broca失语的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的61例患者按随机数字表法分为试验组(31例)和对照组(30例),试验组采用靳氏舌三针联合Schuell刺激法训练,对照组采用常规Schuell刺激法语言训练,1次/d,每周5次,每次每个项目30min,共治疗3周。分别于治疗前后采用中国功能性语言沟通能力检查法(CFCP)评价患者语言沟通能力的变化,用波士顿失语症严重程度分级标准(BDAE)评价病情变化情况。结果 2组治疗前CFCP评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后2组CFCP评分均较治疗前有显著提高(P<0.01),且试验组CFCP评分增加更为显著,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组临床总有效率为87.10%,对照组为76.67%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论靳氏舌三针联合Schuell刺激法可以改善脑卒中后Broca失语患者的言语沟通能力,优于单纯的语言训练,具有较好的临床疗效。

头穴丛刺结合跑台训练对坐骨神经损伤大鼠轴突再生及S-100蛋白表达影响

目的探讨头穴丛刺结合跑台训练对坐骨神经损伤大鼠轴突再生及S-100蛋白表达的影响。方法清洁级健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠90只,随机分为空白组、假手术组、模型组、跑台组和头穴丛刺结合跑台组,每组18只,每组分为7 d、14d、21 d三个亚组。钳夹法造模,假手术组暴露坐骨神经但不钳夹。造模3 d后进行干预,跑台组进行跑台训练,头穴丛刺结合跑台组行头穴丛刺治疗结合跑台训练,空白组、假手术组及模型组除定时抓取外不做任何干预。各组相应时间点测定坐骨神经功能指数(SFI);取材后坐骨神经HE染色观察轴突生长情况,免疫组化染色检测S-100蛋白表达情况。结果各时间点跑台组及头穴丛刺结合跑台组SFI高于模型组(P<0.05),但低于假手术组和空白组;头穴丛刺结合跑台组SFI高于跑台组(P<0.05)。各时间点跑台组和头穴丛刺结合跑台组轴突生长情况均优于模型组,头穴丛刺结合跑台组优于跑台组。各时间点空白组和假手术组S-100蛋白均呈少量表达,跑台组、头穴丛刺结合跑台组S-100蛋白表达均高于模型组(P<0.05),头穴丛刺结合跑台组S-100蛋白表达高于跑台组(P<0.05)。结论头穴丛刺结合跑台训练能够促进S-100蛋白的表达,促进损伤神经轴突再生,提高坐骨神经功能。

S型针阀体喷孔脉冲电解去毛刺试验研究

钻削加工S型针阀体喷孔后,喷孔入口处易产生毛刺。通过分析喷孔位置及毛刺形态,提出一种以锥形电极作为工具阴极的S型针阀体喷孔脉冲电解去毛刺工艺。基于脉冲电解加工中金属/溶液界面双电层充放电理论,对脉宽参数进行理论分析,并对电解液浓度和组分进行试验优化,在18CrNi8为基材的针阀体上进行了脉冲电解去毛刺试验。结果表明:使用锥形工具电极,在1 mol/L的Na NO3水基溶液中添加草酸作为电解液,并将pH值调至3左右,经脉冲电解去毛刺后,S型针阀体喷孔入口处的毛刺可完全去除。

Progressively Enlarging Goiter:Case Reports of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma and Literature Review

Primary thyroid lymphoma(PTL)is an exceptionally rare and highly aggressive potentially curable malignant disease.We report three typical cases of PTL referred to our hospital.All three cases had long history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,and presented with progressively enlarging neck mass.The first two cases were confirmed by surgical biopsy to be diffuse large B cell lymphoma,and received radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy,or received only chemotherapy.The third case was confirmed by core needle biopsy to be mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,and received radiotherapy.In summary,confirmation of PTL diagnosis is essential for further clinical decisions.Core biopsy should be one of the most important methods to make the diagnosis of PTL,while the use of fine needle aspiration cytology alone is still limited in diagnosing PTL.

Clinical implications of doubling time of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of doubling time(DT) of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors(GIST).METHODS From April 1987 through November 2012, a total of 323 patients were given a final histopathological diagnosis of GISTs on surgical resection or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) in Kitasato University East Hospital or Kitasato University Hospital. We studied 53 of these patients(34 with resected tumors and 19 with unresected tumors) whose tumors could be measured on EUS on at least two successive occasions. The histopathological diagnosis was GIST in 34 patients, leiomyoma in 5, schwannoma in 3, ectopic pancreas in 1, hamartoma in 1, cyst in 1, Brunner's adenoma in 1, and spindle-cell tumor in 7. We retrospectively calculated the DT of GISTs on the basis of the time course of EUS findings to estimate the growth rate of such tumors.RESULTS The DT was 17.2 mo for GIST, as compared with 231.2 mo for leiomyoma, 104.7 mo for schwannoma, 274.9mo for ectopic pancreas, 61.2 mo for hamartoma, 49.0 mo for cyst, and 134.7 mo for Brunner's adenoma. The GISTs were divided into risk classes on the basis of tumor diameters and mitotic figures(Fletcher's classification). The classification was extremely low risk or low risk in 28 patients, intermediate risk in 3, and high risk in 3. DT of GIST according to risk was 24.0 mo for extremely low-risk plus low-risk GIST, 17.1 mo for intermediate-risk GIST, and 3.9 mo for high-risk GIST. DT of GIST was significantly shorter than that of leiomyoma plus schwannoma(P < 0.05), and DT of high-risk GIST was significantly shorter than that of extremely low-risk plus low-risk GIST(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION For GIST, a higher risk grade was associated with a significantly shorter DT. Small SMTs should initially be followed up within 6 mo after detection.

Visualization analysis of the research status of FU Qingzhu’s Obstetrics and Gynecology based on bibliometrics

Objective This study examined the research status and development process of FU Qingzhu’s Obstetrics and Gynecology(Fu Qing Zhu Nv Ke,《傅青主女科》,FQZNK)in the past 40 years with bibliometrics and visual analysis.Methods Retrieved all related literature in the research field of FQZNK from the domestic and foreign databases:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,and Web of Science(WOS)core database,including Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE),Social Sciences Citation Index(SSCI),and Arts&Humanities Citation Index(A&HCI).The search range was from January 1,1980 to March 10,2021.In addition,bibliometrics and CiteSpace 5.7.R2 software were used to analyze literature types,published journals,cited literature,the number of author publica-tions,co-author networks,co-institution networks,keyword co-occurrence networks,keyword clusters,and keyword bursts.Results A total of 678 valid records were included in the final dataset.Literature types,high publication journals,highly cited literature,high-yield institutions,high-yield research teams,and high-productivity scholars in this research field were found through bibliometrics.Liter-ature types can be divided into four categories,among which 451 are theoretical studies on academic thoughts of FQZNK,accounting for 66.5%of the included journals.The Journal of Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine had the largest volume of published articles(61),ac-counting for 9.0%of the total number of the included journals.The most cited literature was ZHOU Mingxin’s article“Using the quantitative method to discuss author’s authenticity and formula characteristics of FU Qingzhu’s Obstetrics and Gynecology”,which was cited 94 times.Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,the institution with the most publications,published 45 articles,and YOU Zhaoling,the most published author,published 33 articles.Moreover,it was found that most high-yield researchers came from high-yield institutions and that Hun-an University of Chinese Medicine had the most research on FQZNK.Keyword co-occur-rence analysis revealed that the keyword“FQZNK”had the highest frequency(597 times)and the highest centrality(1.00).Keyword cluster analysis used the Log-Likelihood Ratio(LLR)al-gorithm to form eleven important clusters:#0 treatment aiming at its root causes,#1 gynecopathy,#2 Siwu Decoction(四物汤),#3 FU Qingzhu,#4 post-partum,#5 infertility,#6 dysmenorrhea,#7 sterility,#8 coordinate the heart and kidney,#9 Danggui Buxue Decoction(当归补血汤),and#10 treatment.It was found that the prescriptions of FQZNK were studied mainly before 2000,the theoretical studies were mainly conducted before 2010,and its clinic-al application was mainly explored from 2010 until now.Diseases such as dysmenorrhea,morbid vaginal discharge,infertility,metrorrhagia,and polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)have recently become popular topics in this field.Conclusion The current study provides more scientific,accurate,and comprehensive sci-entific support for further research and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in FQZNK.With this foundation,people can use burst detection to ascertain the current hot-spots in research,get their development trends,and forecast future research directions.In ad-dition,infertility,morbid vaginal discharge,flooding,and PCOS treatments based on TCM syndrome differentiation are currently popular research topics for FQZNK.

Prediction Model of Sewing Technical Condition by Grey Neural Network

The grey system theory and the artificial neural network technology were applied to predict the sewing technical condition. The representative parameters, such as needle, stitch, were selected. Prediction model was established based on the different fabrics’ mechanical properties that measured by KES instrument. Grey relevant degree analysis was applied to choose the input parameters of the neural network. The result showed that prediction model has good precision. The average relative error was 4.08% for needle and 4.25% for stitch.

Excision and Partial Primary Closure of Wound for Pilonidal Disease

Background: Pilonidal disease is a common chronic disorder of the sacrococcygeal region;and its surgical management is still a matter of discussion. The ideal therapy would be a quick cure that allowed patients to return rapidly to normal activity, that is minimally invasive with no morbidity, a low risk of complication and easy to learn. Methods: Sixty seven patients with pilonidal disease were subjected to excision and partial closure procedure, from November 2006 to March 2010 at General Surgery Department, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig University, Egypt. The mean age was 27.5 years. Complete but close excision of all diseased tissues was achieved. Then, the wound partially was closed from the deepest parts only by multiples buried vertical mattress sutures by using Lasheen’s needle, and left the superficial wound parts to heal by second intention. The follow up period was ranged from 14 - 39 months (mean 27 months). Results: The mean hospital stay was 12 hours, mean operation time was 30 minutes and mean time to return to normal activity was 8 days (range 7 - 12 days). Nine cases show superficial wound infection and one case of recurrence. Conclusion: Excision and partially closure technique by using Lasheen’s needle for pilonidal diseases is minimal invasive and less morbidity, easy to learn and has favorable results regarding to return to normal activity, rate of recurrence and cosmetically acceptable.

Peripancreatic paraganglioma:Lesson from a round table

We described the case of a peripancreatic paraganglioma(PGL)misdiagnosed as pancreatic lesion.Surgical exploration revealed an unremarkable pancreas and a large well-defined cystic mass originating at the mesocolon root.Radical enucleation of the mass was performed,preserving the pancreatic tail.Histologically,a diagnosis of PGL was rendered.Interestingly,two previously unreported mutations,one affecting the KDR gene in exon 7 and another on the JAK3 gene in exon 4 were detected.Both mutations are known to be pathogenetic.Imaging and cytologic findings were blindly reviewed by an expert panel of clinicians,radiologists,and pathologists to identify possible causes of the misdiagnosis.The major issue was lack of evidence of a cleavage plane from the pancreas at imaging,which prompted radiologists to establish an intraparenchymal origin.The blinded revision shifted the diagnosis towards an extrapancreatic lesion,as the pancreatic parenchyma showed no structural alterations and no dislocation of the Wirsung duct.Ex post,the identified biases were the emergency setting of the radiologic examination and the very thin mesocolon sheet,which hindered clear definition of the lesion borders.Original endoscopic ultrasonography diagnosis was confirmed,emphasizing the intrinsic limit of this technique in detecting large masses.Finally,pathologic review favored a diagnosis of PGL due to the morphological features and immonohistochemical profile.Eighteen months after tumor excision,the patient is asymptomatic with no disease relapse evident by either radiology or laboratory tests.Our report strongly highlights the difficulties in rendering an accurate preoperative diagnosis of PGL.

PWM、S-PAM及PHASE电压联动控制技术在变频空调上的应用

目前,变频空调采用高效永磁同步(大发电常数Ke)压缩机已成趋势,且用于农村的低压地区。根据PWM、S-PAM以及PHASE电压联动控制技术,可使高效永磁同步(Ke值大)压缩机运行到更高的频率且损耗降低;在低压地区,使空调正常运行并保证输出足够的制冷制热能力;在同频率下,比以往的变频压缩机的电流更低,功耗小,更节能。此技术大幅的提高了变频机的运行效率以及降低了压缩机的功率,实现了高效节能的效果,是变频控制技术的节能效果又一次提升,是一种最合适的直流变频压缩机控制技术。

多种超声影像技术在乳腺癌诊断中的研究进展

乳腺癌是我国女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,常规超声是乳腺癌筛查常用的影像检查方法。弹性成像、超声造影、自动乳腺超声成像系统、S-detect技术及超声引导下穿刺活检等新技术正在飞速发展并逐渐应用于临床,为乳腺癌的诊断提供了更有价值的信息。本文就多种超声影像技术诊断乳腺癌的临床应用进展进行综述。