Concept Design,Modeling and Station-keeping Attitude Control of an Earth Observation Platform

The stratosphere airship provides a unique and promising platform for earth observation. Researches on the project design and control scheme for earth observation platforms are still rarely documented. Nonlinear dynamics, model uncertainties, and external disturbances contribute to the difficulty in maneuvering the stratosphere airship. A key technical challenge for the earth observation platform is station keeping, or the ability to remain fixed over a geo-location. This paper investigates the conceptual design, modeling and station-keeping attitude control of the near-space earth observation platform. A conceptual design of the earth observation platform is presented. The dynamics model of the platform is derived from the Newton-Euler formulation, and the station-keeping control system of the platform is formulated. The station-keeping attitude control approach for the platform is proposed. The multi-input multi-output nonlinear control system is decoupled into three single-input single-output linear subsystems via feedback linearization, the attitude controller design is carried out on the new linear systems using terminal sliding mode control, and the global stability of the closed-loop system is proven by using the Lyapunov theorem. The performance of the designed control system is simulated by using the variable step Runge-Kutta integrator. Simulation results show that the control system tracks the commanded attitude with an error of zero, which verify the effectiveness and robustness of the designed control system in the presence of parametric uncertainties. The near-space earth observation platform has several advantages over satellites, such as high resolution, fast to deploy, and convenient to retrieve, and the proposed control scheme provides an effective approach for station-keeping attitude control of the earth observation platform.

Design and Stability Analysis of Fuzzy Switched PID Controller for Ship Track-Keeping

The fuzzy switched PID controller which combines fuzzy PD and conventional PI controller is proposed for ship track-keeping autopilot In this paper. By using rudder angle, the whole voyage is divided into two operating regimes which named transient operating regime and steady operating regime respectively. The fuzzy PD controller is employed in transient operating regime for increasing response, reducing overshoot and shorting transition time. And conventional PI controller is used to improve the stable accuracy in steady operating regime. The global controller is achieved by fuzzy blending of all local controllers. Routh stability criterion is utilized to obtain the stability condition of closed-loop system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed method.

Three-dimensional formation keeping of multi-UAV based on consensus

Consensus is an emerging technique using neighbor-to-neighbor interaction to generate steering commands for cooperative control of multiple vehicles. A three-dimensional formation keeping strategy for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(multi-UAV) is proposed based on consensus, aiming at maintaining a specified geometric configuration. A formation control algorithm with guidance and corresponding flight controllers is given, managing position and attitude, respectively. In order to follow a three-dimensional predefined flight path, by introducing the tracking orders as reference states into the consensus, the formation control algorithm is designed, following the predefined flight path and maintaining geometric configuration simultaneously. The flight controllers are constructed by nonlinear dynamic inverse, including attitude design and velocity design. With the whole system composed of a nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom UAV model, the formation control algorithm and the flight controllers, the formation keeping strategy is closed loop and with full states. In simulation, three-dimensional formation flight demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Non-linear controllers in ship tracking control system

The cascade systems which stabilize the transverse deviation of the ship in relation to the set path is presented. The ship's path is determined as a broken line with specified coordinates of way points. Three controllers are used in the system. The main primary controller is the trajectory controller. The set value of heading for the course control system or angular velocity for the turning control system is generated. The course control system is used on the straight line of the set trajectory while the turning controller is used during a change of the set trajectory segment. The characteristics of the non-linear controllers are selected in such a way that the properties of the control system with the rate of turn controller are modelled by the first-order inertia, while the system with the course keeping controller is modelled by a second-order linear term. The presented control system is tested in computer simulation. Some results of simulation tests are presented and discussed.

3D Track-keeping Method for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

In this paper, 3D track-keeping control method for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with and without the influence of ocean current is investigated. Because the system to be controlled is highly nonlinear and strong coupled, an approach is used to divide it into two subsystems. One is to control the heading and the track error on the horizontal plane. The other is to control the pitch and the track error on the vertical plane. The results of computer simulation show that the autopilot works properly, it can capture the current waypoint and turns to track the next path automatically.

基于非线性修饰和零阶保持器的船舶航向保持控制

[目的]为了解决船舶在海上航行时控制器舵角输出大、打舵频率高、控制速度较慢以及控制精度较低的问题,利用三阶闭环增益成形算法设计鲁棒控制器。[方法]首先,利用三阶闭环增益成形算法设计出线性鲁棒控制器,然后,在控制策略中加入双曲正切非线性修饰以及零阶保持器,在不同海况下对该控制器的性能进行仿真实验。[结果]仿真结果表明,相比于基于非线性修饰的传统PID控制器,在一般海况下,所提控制器在延迟时间、控制精度以及能量输出上分别改进了36%,14%和32%;在恶劣海况下,分别改进了27%,7%和16%。此外,不同海况下该控制器的仿真结果都具有稳定的舵角输出,并可以较快地稳定在临界值附近,证明了其具有较好的鲁棒性。[结论]改进的控制器符合工程实践,对于智能船舶的控制具有较好的应用参考价值。

Adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for robotic airship with model uncertainty and external disturbance

An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control （AFSMC） ap- proach is proposed for a robotic airship. First, the mathematical model of an airship is derived in the form of a nonlinear control system. Second, an AFSMC approach is proposed to design the attitude control system of airship, and the global stability of the closed-loop system is proved by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances.

双机械臂布局下的电推进位保策略

对于地球同步轨道的电推进卫星,可采用双机械臂式电推布局进行轨道维持控制.本文研究了双机械臂式电推布局的自主位保控制策略,针对南北各一台机械臂,每台机械臂分别配置一台电推力器的布局方式,通过每天1~2次点火,以尽量少的点火指向变动实现东西/南北联合位保控制.在双侧机械臂、电推力器正常情况下研究具有解析形式的在轨位保算法.研究基于单侧矢量调节机构和该侧电推力器的故障位保策略,给出衡量不同矢量机构能力和推力比冲下的位保效率衡量方法.仿真结果表明,正常/故障情况下的位保控制精度均能够满足同步轨道位保控制要求.本算法为解析形式,计算量较小,可以实现多星共轨和定点捕获/轨位漂移,便于量上自主实施.

光谱卫星LPPT-25微电推进系统飞行试验工作性能评价

基于光谱卫星任务需求,兰州空间技术物理研究所开展了脉冲等离子体微电推进系统方案设计,以此完成25W级脉冲等离子体电推进系统飞行样机研制,并开展了地面各项测试,均满足需求。为了进一步验证该系统的空间环境适应性、与航天器的相互兼容性、空间工作特性及空间飞行性能与地面数据的差异性,LPPT-25微电推进系统搭载长光卫星公司光谱星一号(GP-1)卫星开展了在轨飞行试验,对脉冲等离子体电推进系统在轨飞行试验结果进行了评价。结果表明:在整个飞行试验期间,脉冲等离子体电推进系统各项工作性能参数符合设计指标要求,电推进分系统工作正常,推力输出稳定,各遥测温度满足推进要求的控温范围;电推进推力标定为306.3μN,相比地面测试推力300μN,偏差在5%以内,体现了良好的天地一致性。

基于深度强化学习的风场中浮空器驻留控制

建立了平流层浮空器区域驻留模型,在有动力和无动力推进的情况下,基于马尔可夫决策过程,将具有优先经验回放的双深度Q学习应用于平流层浮空器区域驻留控制。通过平均区域驻留半径、区域驻留有效时间比等参数来评价区域驻留控制方法的效果。典型风场中仿真分析结果指出:在区域驻留半径为50 km、区域驻留时间为3天的任务下,无动力推进的平流层浮空器的平均区域驻留半径为28.16 km,区域驻留有效时间比为83%;有动力推进平流层浮空器的平均区域驻留半径可达8.84 km,可实现区域驻留半径为20 km的飞行控制,区域驻留有效时间比为100%。

基于BPNN-PID控制策略的果蔬保鲜环境参数调控优化

【目的】开发新的控制策略,用于解决传统控制方法果蔬保鲜环境参数因时变性、非线性、滞后性强和惯性大等特点导致的控制精度低、鲁棒性弱等问题。【方法】将传统比例−积分−微分(Proportional-integral-derivative,PID)和BP神经网络(Back-propagation neural network,BPNN)算法相结合,开发一种基于BPNN-PID的控制策略,通过自主搭建的果蔬保鲜环境调控试验平台和自主设计的控制系统,研究不同控制策略对保鲜环境参数调控效果的影响。【结果】基于BPNN-PID控制策略的果蔬保鲜环境控制系统,环境温度超调量为1.7℃、稳定时间为80 min、稳态误差为±0.2℃,环境相对湿度超调量为2.8%、稳定时间为55 min,相对湿度稳定维持在80%~90%范围内。与传统PID控制策略相比,BPNN-PID控制策略环境温度超调量减小了2.1℃、稳态误差减小了0.3℃、稳定时间缩短了25 min,环境相对湿度超调量减小了2.2%、稳定时间缩短了25 min,环境参数波动幅度均有所降低。【结论】本文开发的果蔬保鲜环境控制系统呈现出良好的动态调整能力,具有较强的鲁棒性,控制性能明显提升,实现了保鲜环境参数的精准控制,满足果蔬保鲜贮藏要求。研究结果为果蔬保鲜环境参数调控提供了参考。

Lane Keeping Algorithm for Off-The-Shelf Wide-Angle Camera

Automobile accidents cost over a trillion-do llar every year and this figure will continue increasing without employing new technological solutions.Among these solutions,the automated lane-keeping system is one of the promising ones and such a system consists of two essential technologies:road detection and steering control.In this paper,novel lane keeping algorithms are proposed and are implemented using only a single off-the-shelf wide-angle camera as input.The implemented system is verified,through both simulation and experiments,and is found providing satisfactory performance for an automated lane-keeping system.When compared to the state-of-the-art lane-keeping systems,the implemented system can perform consistently across various ambient light conditions including the most challenging ones.

临近空间球载飞行器投放控制关键技术综述

临近空间作为地球新的认知领域和重要的国家安全空间逐渐受到世界主要大国的重视.临近空间飞行器球载投放起飞方式能够使飞行器快速达到期望的飞行高度,同时减少因穿越对流层稠密大气所需的能源消耗,因而受到广泛关注并迅速发展成为临近空间飞行器起飞的一种重要方式.独特的球载投放起飞方式对高空气球及被投放飞行器的多项控制关键技术提出了较高的要求,高空低密度的飞行环境使得低速飞行具有明显的低雷诺数特性,随高度剧烈变化的风场增加了球载平台定点区域驻空的难度,载球系统上升过程的旋转运动给投放控制带来巨大的干扰,投放时刻的判断与拉起控制给大翼展柔性飞行器带来了新挑战.本文梳理了临近空间球载飞行器投放控制的关键技术及其研究现状,并对其未来的应用进行了展望.

一种基于双重非线性正反馈的节能降碳航向保持控制方法

[目的]为了解决船舶航向保持过程中舵角幅值过大以及舵角变换率过高而导致能耗过大的问题,提出一种基于双重非线性正反馈的节能降碳航向保持控制方法。[方法]采用闭环增益成形算法(CGSA)设计控制器,引入双重非线性反馈算法,通过双极性S函数与反正切函数的结合降低舵角幅值与操舵频率,最后使用正反馈的方法实现整个控制系统的控制。[结果]仿真结果表明,在6级海况和8级海况下,采用所提出的双重非线性反馈控制方法,反映舵机能耗的综合节能评价指标分别改进了31.53%和18.63%。[结论]验证了双重非线性反馈在降低舵机能耗、减少船舶航行过程中碳排放方面具有较好效果,以及正反馈和负反馈的等价控制效果。所提方法为船舶航向保持控制的研究提供了较好的应用参考价值。

相温子库传热优化及柠檬贮藏效果

为研究子库传热面积、材料、对流风速和厚度对子库传热的影响,以及优化子库传热对柠檬保鲜效果的影响。通过增大子库传热面积、提高对流风速等方法,确定子库传热的主要影响因素,并对其进行优化试验和对柠檬进行贮藏效果研究。结果表明:子库传热面积对子库传热影响最为显著,其次为子库对流风速;柠檬贮藏效果研究结果表明,相温贮藏相较于普通冷藏能明显抑制柠檬果皮变黄和失重现象,并减缓维生素C、总可溶性固形物等营养物质的流失,优化子库传热后能进一步提升相温贮藏效果。

基于5G的冷藏车保鲜环境远程智能调控系统设计

为解决当前冷藏车厢内环境调控设计复杂的问题,并进一步提升冷藏车远程智能运维水平,结合蓄冷式冷藏车设计,完成冷藏车保鲜环境远程智能调控系统开发。从数据层、机制层和物理层建立调控系统架构,基于货架期理论建立环境参数调控目标数据库,通过整合神经网络、模糊控制和PID算法形成协同智能化调控方案。运用5G和PLC技术,建构多终端监控和调控平台。冷藏车静态调控性能检验表明,冷量分布一致性较好,厢内环境温度日间最大温升速率小于0.4℃/h,超上限温度控制在0.5℃内。经冷藏车动态运行测试,食品货物保鲜效果良好。研究可为生鲜冷链运输行业提升运输品质提供借鉴。

横向控制系统在商用车领域的应用

文章阐述横向控制系统的原理,对横向控制系统中的感知系统以及执行系统进行深度剖析,包括两者之间的交互关系和感知系统对执行系统的性能参数要求。通过标定测试开发出能够满足法规试验要求的商用车。

考虑参数估计的MPC算法的商用车车道保持控制

设计了一种考虑参数估计的模型预测控制(MPC)算法的、智能辅助驾驶的商用车的车道保持算法,对于难以直接测量的质量和横向速度进行估计。建立车辆动力学模型和状态误差方程,通过扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)和递推最小二乘法(RLS)分别对车辆的横向速度、质量进行估计。基于估计得到的车辆参数,设计MPC车道保持控制器。构建硬件在环(HIL)仿真平台,设置不同的测试工况对车道保持算法进行了验证。结果表明:与普通MPC相比,在偏移回正工况中,车辆纠偏消耗的时间减少28.6%,并且超调量更小;高速路工况的横向位置偏差的均方根误差减小了4.2 cm。该方法提升了纠偏能力和跟踪精度,降低了传感器成本。

基于改进预瞄控制模型的车道保持系统设计

为解决扭矩控制的车道保持(LKA)系统鲁棒性不高、受车辆制造一致性以及路面激烈干扰影响大的问题,采用神经网络技术、Autofix算法及预瞄反馈控制理论,利用预期轨迹决策和跟随PID控制算法设计了一套基于角度控制的车道保持系统。基于Carsim/Veristand/MATLAB搭建了硬件在环仿真试验平台,通过虚拟仿真验证了该车道保持系统设计的有效性与准确性。基于GB/T 39323—2020、CN-CAP—2021、Euro-NCAP—2022并结合实车调试及用户关注场景对车道保持系统的测试要求,通过仿真及实际场景对比验证得出以下结论:相对于扭矩控制的LKA系统,在相同使用场景下,使用角度控制的车道保持系统具有较好的车道保持能力、稳定性、适应性和鲁棒性。

基于双重非线性修饰的无人船航向保持自抗扰控制

为研究无人船的航向保持控制问题,设计节能稳定、鲁棒性强的船舶航向保持控制器。以“育鲲”轮船模为研究对象,根据其相关参数建立船舶Nomoto模型并进行线性自抗扰控制器设计。为了践行低碳航行理念,减少无人船实际航行过程中的能耗,引入双重非线性修饰环节,使用MATLAB的Simulink工具箱进行仿真研究。仿真结果证明:根据船舶Nomoto模型和相关参数建立的线性自抗扰控制环节参数整定简单,使用船舶线性及非线性模型进行仿真试验可验证其具有较好的稳定性和鲁棒性。基于现有研究,引入双重非线性修饰环节,使用非线性函数对控制器的输出信号进行非线性化处理,使系统在使用更低能量输入时可得到更好的控制效果,实现无人船航行过程中的节能目标。使用文章所提控制方法可很好地实现无人船航向保持控制,降低船舶航行过程的能耗,具有一定的工程实用意义。