Concerns, performance, and awareness of people when experiencing haze and dust storms in Kermanshah

This study investigated the concerns and awareness of people in Kermanshah when haze and dust storms occur and also discussed the people’s performance during occurring and diffusion of this phenomenon. This descriptive-analytic study was done by component questionnaire and its sustainability and validity have been verified. The sample size of the statistical population of Kermanshah was selected as 400 people while it was considered that the population of the city was approximately 1 million people. The results showed that 77% of the participants in the study suffered from respiratory problems when the haze occurred. A total of 85.5% of the respondents in the present study believed that the precipitation rate had a direct effect to reduce haze. Also, 85% of the people with heart disorder had health problems during the haze. 63.3% of all participants had to use medical services when the haze occurred. However, 77.3% of participants were unaware of the necessary actions of the authorities when the haze occurred. Most of the studied people acknowledged that they obtained information about the negative effects of dust storms and the methods of reducing the effects to their health through broadcasting.

Relationship Between Land Use Changes and the Production of Dust Sources in Kermanshah Province,Iran

Recognizing land use changes(LUC)and evaluating their relationship with producing dust sources are considered effective to manage the environment.Taking Kermanshah Province,Iran as study area,dusty days from 2008 to 2015 were selected and dust sources were identified applying thermal-infrared dust index(TDI),hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory(HYSPLIT),false color composite(FCC)and true color composite(TCC)of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)images.Afterwards,the land use change map was produced using Landsat images in 2000 and 2015.Then,the distribution and frequency of the sources in each land-use change class and important dust production areas were specified.Eventually,two non-parametric tests including Chisquare and Kruskal-Wallis were applied to examine the relationship between LUC and dust sources.Results indicated that the distribution of dust sources was not identical in the study area,and the sources were mainly generated in the areas where land-use change had occurred.In fact,different classes of LUC have different contributions to dust production,and the highest contribution refers to the deflation in gentle slope areas and lowlands where the rangeland has been converted into agriculture land.The findings from this study are useful to manage and control dust in the identified sources.

Introduction of Ophiolitic Complex Rock Series in the 1:100,000 Sheet of Mianrahan (West of Iran)

The Mianrahan’s ophiolitic complex out crops in the northeast of Kermanshah and along with the Zagros thrust zone. In Mianrahan sheet, these ophiolites are located along the NW-SE and parallel to the Zagros Thrust in the ground. The rocks of this ophiolite complex consist of peridotite, serpentinites, gabbro, dolerite dykes, basaltic lavas associated with marine sediments containing the cretaceous limestones, siliceous limestones and radiolarites. Stratification of this ophiolitic complex is similar to lithological facies sequence of the oceanic crust. However, in some parts, it could be seen as scattered and melanged in the ground. Petrographic study of Mianrahan’s ophiolitic complex started with the ultramafic sequence and followed by sedimentary rocks.

伊朗城市更新实践中的反思与启示——德黑兰Navab街区和科曼莎Modares街区比较研究

城市老街区的更新是伊朗当前面临的城市问题之一,近年来许多城市进行了大量的更新活动,本文通过对Navab街区更新失败与Modares街区更新成功的原因比较研究,系统分析两个项目在可达性、场所认同、空间活力和建筑特色四方面的差异,并提出设计过程中政府的不恰当干预导致用户参与的缺失以及对民众利益的忽视等亟待解决的问题。