Maize kernel moisture content(KMC)at harvest greatly affects mechanical harvesting,transport and storage.KMC is correlated with kernel dehydration rate(KDR)before and after physiological maturity.KMC and KDR are compl...Maize kernel moisture content(KMC)at harvest greatly affects mechanical harvesting,transport and storage.KMC is correlated with kernel dehydration rate(KDR)before and after physiological maturity.KMC and KDR are complex traits governed by multiple quantitative trait loci(QTL).Their genetic architecture is incompletely understood.We used a multiomics integration approach with an association panel to identify genes influencing KMC and KDR.A genome-wide association study using time-series KMC data from 7 to 70 days after pollination and their transformed KDR data revealed respectively 98and 279 loci significantly associated with KMC and KDR.Time-series transcriptome and proteome datasets were generated to construct KMC correlation networks,from which respectively 3111 and 759 module genes and proteins were identified as highly associated with KMC.Integrating multiomics analysis,several promising candidate genes for KMC and KDR,including Zm00001d047799 and Zm00001d035920,were identified.Further mutant experiments showed that Zm00001d047799,a gene encoding heat shock 70 kDa protein 5,reduced KMC in the late stage of kernel development.Our study provides resources for the identification of candidate genes influencing maize KMC and KDR,shedding light on the genetic architecture of dynamic changes in maize KMC.展开更多
The harvest method of shelling corn(Zea mays L.)kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting,drying and threshing the crop.However,it was previously found that the kernel moisture content in...The harvest method of shelling corn(Zea mays L.)kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting,drying and threshing the crop.However,it was previously found that the kernel moisture content increased after field harvest,which decreased the value of corn kernels.To identify the reasons underlying the increase,we conducted a multiyear and-area trial in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China and performed a staged-harvest test at several phases of kernel dry-down.The test investigated a range of parameters such as the kernel moisture content pre-and post-harvest,the kernel breakage rate,the amount of impurities,and the moisture content of various other plant tissues.An analysis of 411 pairs of pre-and post-harvest samples found that kernel moisture content after harvest was 2.2%higher than that before harvest.In the staged-harvest test,however,a significant increase was only observed when the kernel moisture content before harvest was higher than 23.9%.The increase in post-harvest kernel moisture content was positively associated with the pre-harvest kernel moisture content,breakage rate and impurity rate.Typically,at harvest time in this region,there is a significant fraction of immature crops with a high moisture content,resulting in kernels that are prone to breakage or impurities that ultimately lead to increases in water content after harvest.Therefore,we suggest using hybrids that quickly wither late in the growing stage.Additionally,farmers should delay harvest in order to minimize the pre-harvest kernel moisture content and thus reduce breakages and impurities,thereby improving the quality of kernels after harvest and the efficiency of corn kernel farming in China.展开更多
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(S2021-JC-WT-006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100200)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M633588)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-77)。
文摘Maize kernel moisture content(KMC)at harvest greatly affects mechanical harvesting,transport and storage.KMC is correlated with kernel dehydration rate(KDR)before and after physiological maturity.KMC and KDR are complex traits governed by multiple quantitative trait loci(QTL).Their genetic architecture is incompletely understood.We used a multiomics integration approach with an association panel to identify genes influencing KMC and KDR.A genome-wide association study using time-series KMC data from 7 to 70 days after pollination and their transformed KDR data revealed respectively 98and 279 loci significantly associated with KMC and KDR.Time-series transcriptome and proteome datasets were generated to construct KMC correlation networks,from which respectively 3111 and 759 module genes and proteins were identified as highly associated with KMC.Integrating multiomics analysis,several promising candidate genes for KMC and KDR,including Zm00001d047799 and Zm00001d035920,were identified.Further mutant experiments showed that Zm00001d047799,a gene encoding heat shock 70 kDa protein 5,reduced KMC in the late stage of kernel development.Our study provides resources for the identification of candidate genes influencing maize KMC and KDR,shedding light on the genetic architecture of dynamic changes in maize KMC.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971849)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-25)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘The harvest method of shelling corn(Zea mays L.)kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting,drying and threshing the crop.However,it was previously found that the kernel moisture content increased after field harvest,which decreased the value of corn kernels.To identify the reasons underlying the increase,we conducted a multiyear and-area trial in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China and performed a staged-harvest test at several phases of kernel dry-down.The test investigated a range of parameters such as the kernel moisture content pre-and post-harvest,the kernel breakage rate,the amount of impurities,and the moisture content of various other plant tissues.An analysis of 411 pairs of pre-and post-harvest samples found that kernel moisture content after harvest was 2.2%higher than that before harvest.In the staged-harvest test,however,a significant increase was only observed when the kernel moisture content before harvest was higher than 23.9%.The increase in post-harvest kernel moisture content was positively associated with the pre-harvest kernel moisture content,breakage rate and impurity rate.Typically,at harvest time in this region,there is a significant fraction of immature crops with a high moisture content,resulting in kernels that are prone to breakage or impurities that ultimately lead to increases in water content after harvest.Therefore,we suggest using hybrids that quickly wither late in the growing stage.Additionally,farmers should delay harvest in order to minimize the pre-harvest kernel moisture content and thus reduce breakages and impurities,thereby improving the quality of kernels after harvest and the efficiency of corn kernel farming in China.