Chronic social defeat stress induces diverse effects in mice of different strains and even in animals of the same strain. This paper aims to study the effect of repeated social defeats and, for contrast, repeated aggr...Chronic social defeat stress induces diverse effects in mice of different strains and even in animals of the same strain. This paper aims to study the effect of repeated social defeats and, for contrast, repeated aggression in daily agonistic interactions on the behaviors of CD-1 male mice. The behavior of animals that have the same winning and losing track record during 3, 10, 21 days is studied in different tests. The level of aggressiveness, as estimated by the number and total time of attacks, decreases;nevertheless, direct and indirect forms of aggression demonstrated by the aggressive mice (winners) remain significantly high. The number of stereotypic behaviors (rotations and jumps) and total time of digging behaviors are significantly increased in the winners after 21 days compared to 3 and 10 days of intermale confrontations. Among the losers, chronic experience of social defeats is accompanied by the development of pronounced anxiety and a depression-like state estimated by the elevated plus-maze and the Porsolt test scores, respectively. Both groups of male mice with alternative social behaviors demonstrate abnormal locomotor and exploratory behaviors in the open-field test. This phenomenon may be viewed as hyperactivity developed under chronic agonistic interactions and specific for the outbred CD-1 mice. We believe that these animals may be potentially used for modeling the key symptoms of bipolar disorder.展开更多
目的观察不同剂量咪达唑仑对氯胺酮镇痛效应的影响,为临床合理配伍使用药物提供依据。方法腹腔注射25 mg/kg氯胺酮建立镇痛模型,150只小鼠均分为NS组、M组、K组、M1K组和M2K组,采用甩尾法、热板法和扭体法(n=10)分别观察腹腔注射1、2 mg...目的观察不同剂量咪达唑仑对氯胺酮镇痛效应的影响,为临床合理配伍使用药物提供依据。方法腹腔注射25 mg/kg氯胺酮建立镇痛模型,150只小鼠均分为NS组、M组、K组、M1K组和M2K组,采用甩尾法、热板法和扭体法(n=10)分别观察腹腔注射1、2 mg/kg咪达唑仑对氯胺酮镇痛小鼠甩尾潜伏期(TFL)、热板法痛阈(HPPT)和扭体次数(WTs)的影响。结果给药后5、10、15、20 min K组TEL、HPPT延长(P<0.05);各时点M组小鼠TFL、HPPT均无明显变化;M1K组和M2K组给药后10、15、20 min TFL、HPPT延长,给药后15 min M1K组和M2K组TEL、HPPT明显长于K组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。给药后15 min内K、M1K和M2K组小鼠WTs明显少于NS组(P<0.01)。但K、M1K和M2K组间差异无统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论一定剂量的咪达唑仑可以增强氯胺酮的体表镇痛作用。展开更多
目的研究不同持续时间和剂量下氯胺酮慢性中毒对成年小鼠脑细胞凋亡发生的影响。方法氯胺酮按不同剂量(4、10、20、30mg/kg)每周2次于成年小鼠尾静脉注射,建立小鼠氯胺酮滥用慢性中毒模型,氯胺酮连续注射1、2、4、8、12周后处死。采用...目的研究不同持续时间和剂量下氯胺酮慢性中毒对成年小鼠脑细胞凋亡发生的影响。方法氯胺酮按不同剂量(4、10、20、30mg/kg)每周2次于成年小鼠尾静脉注射,建立小鼠氯胺酮滥用慢性中毒模型,氯胺酮连续注射1、2、4、8、12周后处死。采用透射电镜进行细胞凋亡的定性检测,以Caspase-3免疫荧光染色法和脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)定量检测凋亡细胞数,推断凋亡发生的时间,并统计分析实验结果。结果氯胺酮染毒1周后,在透射电镜下见到脑组织海马及纹状体区域有明显的神经元凋亡,并持续至8周后;染毒1周可见Caspase-3高表达,4周后呈持续低水平表达;染毒1周后可见TUNEL阳性细胞较对照组明显增加,4周时仍处于高水平表达。结论氯胺酮尾静脉注射可致成年小鼠神经元凋亡。展开更多
文摘Chronic social defeat stress induces diverse effects in mice of different strains and even in animals of the same strain. This paper aims to study the effect of repeated social defeats and, for contrast, repeated aggression in daily agonistic interactions on the behaviors of CD-1 male mice. The behavior of animals that have the same winning and losing track record during 3, 10, 21 days is studied in different tests. The level of aggressiveness, as estimated by the number and total time of attacks, decreases;nevertheless, direct and indirect forms of aggression demonstrated by the aggressive mice (winners) remain significantly high. The number of stereotypic behaviors (rotations and jumps) and total time of digging behaviors are significantly increased in the winners after 21 days compared to 3 and 10 days of intermale confrontations. Among the losers, chronic experience of social defeats is accompanied by the development of pronounced anxiety and a depression-like state estimated by the elevated plus-maze and the Porsolt test scores, respectively. Both groups of male mice with alternative social behaviors demonstrate abnormal locomotor and exploratory behaviors in the open-field test. This phenomenon may be viewed as hyperactivity developed under chronic agonistic interactions and specific for the outbred CD-1 mice. We believe that these animals may be potentially used for modeling the key symptoms of bipolar disorder.
文摘目的观察不同剂量咪达唑仑对氯胺酮镇痛效应的影响,为临床合理配伍使用药物提供依据。方法腹腔注射25 mg/kg氯胺酮建立镇痛模型,150只小鼠均分为NS组、M组、K组、M1K组和M2K组,采用甩尾法、热板法和扭体法(n=10)分别观察腹腔注射1、2 mg/kg咪达唑仑对氯胺酮镇痛小鼠甩尾潜伏期(TFL)、热板法痛阈(HPPT)和扭体次数(WTs)的影响。结果给药后5、10、15、20 min K组TEL、HPPT延长(P<0.05);各时点M组小鼠TFL、HPPT均无明显变化;M1K组和M2K组给药后10、15、20 min TFL、HPPT延长,给药后15 min M1K组和M2K组TEL、HPPT明显长于K组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。给药后15 min内K、M1K和M2K组小鼠WTs明显少于NS组(P<0.01)。但K、M1K和M2K组间差异无统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论一定剂量的咪达唑仑可以增强氯胺酮的体表镇痛作用。
文摘目的研究不同持续时间和剂量下氯胺酮慢性中毒对成年小鼠脑细胞凋亡发生的影响。方法氯胺酮按不同剂量(4、10、20、30mg/kg)每周2次于成年小鼠尾静脉注射,建立小鼠氯胺酮滥用慢性中毒模型,氯胺酮连续注射1、2、4、8、12周后处死。采用透射电镜进行细胞凋亡的定性检测,以Caspase-3免疫荧光染色法和脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)定量检测凋亡细胞数,推断凋亡发生的时间,并统计分析实验结果。结果氯胺酮染毒1周后,在透射电镜下见到脑组织海马及纹状体区域有明显的神经元凋亡,并持续至8周后;染毒1周可见Caspase-3高表达,4周后呈持续低水平表达;染毒1周后可见TUNEL阳性细胞较对照组明显增加,4周时仍处于高水平表达。结论氯胺酮尾静脉注射可致成年小鼠神经元凋亡。
