Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

KETAMINE： MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL USES

Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic.It is listed by the World Health Organisation[1]in its Model List of Essential Medicines,which are basic drugs required for any health-care system.Indeed,clinically ketamine possesses hypnotic,analgesic and amnesic effects.It is commonly used as induction

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

氯胺酮超前镇痛对术后自控镇痛效果和应激反应的影响

目的 :观察氯胺酮超前镇痛对下腹部手术患者围术期应激反应及自控镇痛效果的影响。方法 :4 5例子宫肌瘤患者均于硬膜外麻醉行全子宫切除术 ,随机分为 3组 ,即 组 :对照组 ,术前不施行超前镇痛 ; 组 :切皮前 30 m in静脉注入氯胺酮 0 .2 mg· kg- 1 ; 组 :切皮前 30 min将氯胺酮 30 mg加入实验剂量 (2 %利多卡因4或 5 m L)中注入硬膜外腔。 3组术后均连接 Graseby930 0镇痛泵行患者自控硬腺外镇痛 (PCEA) ,镇痛药物为0 .2 %罗哌卡因加 5 0 m g· L- 1吗啡。分别于术前、术后第 1、 2天晨抽取静脉血 ,采用改良荧光法测定血浆肾上腺素 (E)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE) ,用放射免疫法检测血清皮质醇水平 ,并于术后不同时间点观察视觉模拟 (VAS)评分、镇痛泵首次触发时间、吗啡消耗量、有效触发次数以及术后恶心、呕吐和皮肤瘙痒的发生率。结果 :从术后 4 h至 4 8h3组患者的 VAS评分均升高 , 、 、 组之间差异无显著性 , 、 两组 PCEA泵首次触发时间明显延长 ,镇痛期内按压次数、吗啡总消耗量、不良反应发生率明显减少。 组术后 E及 NE水平均高于术前 , 、 组术后第 1天 E、 NE水平均高于术前 ,第 2天 E、 NE水平与术前无差别 ,与 组术后第 2天相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论

东莨菪碱和氯胺酮预防主动脉阻断所致脊髓缺血性损伤

目的 评价东莨菪碱和氯胺酮对主动脉阻断所致脊髓缺血性损伤保护作用。方法 2 8只新西兰大白兔随机分成 4组 :对照 (C)组、东莨菪碱 (S)组、氯胺酮 (K)组、东莨菪碱 +氯胺酮 (S +K)组。每组肾下主动脉阻断 30min ,动态监测脊髓血流量 (SCBF)、后肢运动功能、组织水含量及组织学改变。结果 再灌注 2 0h ,后肢运动功能S +K组优于C组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,脊髓水含量S +K组比C组减少 10 5 % (P <0 0 1) ,组织学改变S +K组最轻 ,C组最严重。阻断中及开放 2hS +K组SCBF比值较C组显著增加 (P <0 0 1)。

瑞芬太尼配伍氯胺酮在小儿门诊手术中的应用

目的：研究瑞芬太尼配伍氯胺酮在小儿门诊手术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法：将60例门诊手术患儿随机分为R组（瑞芬太尼组）和K组（氯胺酮组），每组30例。麻醉诱导采用先静脉注射氯胺酮。麻醉维持：R组为静脉泵注瑞芬太尼；K组为静脉泵注氯胺酮。观察诱导前、诱导后1～3min及切皮时的血流动力学变化，同时观察麻醉效果（用VAS方法）、麻醉苏醒及不良反应等情况。结果：两组麻醉效果满意，但R组更佳；两组麻醉诱导后血流动力学变化有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；R组血流动力学变化幅度，呼之睁眼和术后苏醒恢复状况均优于K组（P〈0．05）。结论：使用瑞芬太尼的患儿麻醉效果更满意，术后苏醒快，安全性高。

不同麻醉方式对45例患儿术中应激反应影响的观察

目的:探讨不同麻醉方式对小儿下肢及下腹部手术应激反应的影响。方法:将45例择期行下肢或下腹部手术患儿随机分为3组,分别采用氯胺酮复合羟丁酸钠静脉全麻(Ⅰ组),单次硬膜外麻醉(Ⅱ组)和骶管阻滞麻醉(Ⅲ组)。每组病例数均为15例。分别于入室时(T0)、切皮后30min(T1)及切皮后60m in(T2)采血,检测血糖、皮质醇、肾上腺素及去甲肾上腺素浓度,并记录术中患儿平均动脉压及心率变化情况。结果:Ⅰ组患儿血糖在T1、T2时点明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患儿(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组患者T2时点皮质醇水平较T0显著增高(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患儿皮质醇水平无明显改变(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组患儿T2时肾上腺素水平较T0时明显升高(P<0.05),T1、T2时去甲肾上腺素水平较T0显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:单次硬膜外麻醉与骶管阻滞抑制小儿术中应激反应的效果较氯胺酮复合羟丁酸钠静脉全麻好。

氯胺酮对缺血再灌注脑损伤小鼠海马Bcl-2、Bax的影响

目的:研究氯胺酮对缺血再灌注脑损伤小鼠海马Bcl-2、Bax蛋白及大脑梗死体积的影响。方法:昆明纯种小白鼠共30只,随机分为4组,S组(n=7)为假手术组,C组(n=8)为缺血再灌注损伤对照组,I组(n=8)为线栓缺血梗死后氯胺酮治疗组,R组(n=7)为线栓缺血梗死再灌注后氯胺酮治疗组。结果:C组海马Bax蛋白表达明显高于其他3组(P<0.05),C组海马Bcl-2蛋白表达低于I组和R组(P<0.05)。C组脑梗死体积明显高于I组和R(P<0.05)组。C组、I组、R组的神经功能缺失体征评分无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:氯胺酮可降低缺血再灌注脑损伤小鼠海马凋亡基因Bax的蛋白表达和大脑梗死体积,提高抑制凋亡基因Bcl-2的蛋白表达。

氯胺酮对缺血再灌注脑损伤大鼠IL-1β的影响

目的:研究氯胺酮对缺血再灌注脑损伤大鼠IL-1β、脑梗死体积的影响。方法:将Wistar大鼠36只随机分为4组,每组9只动物,S组为假手术组,C组为缺血再灌注损伤对照组,I组为线栓梗死缺血后氯胺酮治疗组,R组为线栓梗死缺血再灌注后氯胺酮治疗组。结果:C组、I组、R组的神经功能缺失体征评分无显著性差异(P>0.05),C组的脑梗死体积明显高于I组和R组(P<0.01),C组血液中IL-1β的浓度高于I组和R组(P<0.05)。结论:氯胺酮可降低大鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤时细胞因子IL-1β的表达和脑梗死的体积。

异丙酚复合氯胺酮静脉麻醉在小儿斜视矫正术中的应用

目的 :观察异丙酚复合氯胺酮维持静脉麻醉在小儿斜视矫正术中应用的效果。方法 :将 40例患儿随机分成异丙酚组(P组 ,n =2 0 )和氯胺酮组 (K组 ,n =2 0 )。两组采用相同的诱导用药和不同的麻醉维持方法。P组用异丙酚复合氯胺酮维持静脉麻醉 ,K组单纯用氯胺酮维持静脉麻醉 ,记录并比较两组麻醉前、诱导阶段、麻醉维持期间、手术结束时循环和呼吸功能变化 ,吸痰次数以及术后烦躁和恶心呕吐的发生率的差异。结果 :P组麻醉维持期间的收缩压、心率较K组降低 ,术后清醒时间短 ,吸痰次数少 ,烦躁及恶心呕吐的发生率低 ,与K组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :异丙酚复合氯胺酮维持静脉麻醉用于小儿斜视矫正术可拮抗单纯氯胺酮麻醉引起的循环兴奋 ,同时苏醒快 ,痰少 ,术后烦躁及恶心呕吐的发生率低 ,是一种安全、有效的麻醉维持方法。

治疗性沟通结合肉毒素治疗氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎的疗效观察

目的探讨治疗性沟通结合肉毒素治疗氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎的疗效。方法选取60例氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组(n=30)和对照组(n=30)。对照组给予常规术后护理,观察组给予治疗性沟通系统,并比较两组简明健康调查量表(Short-Form-36Health Survey,SF-36)评分、中文版Herth希望量表(Herth hope index,HHI)评分及膀胱功能。结果观察组患者SF-36评分及HHI评分均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而且观察组患者的膀胱功能指标改善明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎患者进行治疗性沟通,可显著提高其希望水平和生活质量,改善膀胱功能。